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251.
双价外壳蛋白基因植物表达载体的构建及马铃薯转基因植株的鉴定 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
在克隆了马铃薯X病毒(PVX)、马铃薯Y 病毒(PVY)和马铃薯卷叶病毒(PLRV)的外壳蛋白基因的基础上,构建同时包含PVX和PVY 与PVY 和PLRV 两个外壳蛋白基因植物表达框架的表达载体,通过农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导转化烟草(Nicotianatabacum )和生产上常用的几个马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum )优良品种:“Favorita”、“虎头”、“克4”。经PCR检测证明外源基因已整合到植物的染色体上,得到批量转基因植株。在转PVX+PVY 外壳蛋白基因的烟草上接种PVX (5 μg/m L)、PVY(20 μg/m L)病毒,得到有一定抗性的植株 相似文献
252.
Protoplasts isolated from both 7-day-old light-grown and 4-day-old dark/dim light-grown cotyledons of four Brassica campestris varieties (Arlo, Sonja, Bunyip and Wonk Bok) were cultured in three liquid media: modified K8P, modified MS and modified Pelletier's B to compare the capacities for cell division and plant regeneration. Following cell wall regeneration the cultured protoplasts from dark/dim light-grown cotyledons of four varieties showed rapid division and high frequency of cell division compared with those isolated from light-grown cotyledons. The frequencies of cell division were significantly influenced by varieties and culture media but only in cultured protoplasts isolated from dark/dim light-grown cotyledons. The interaction between varieties and media was also significant. Cell colonies formed within 7–14 days in protoplast cultures from dark/dim light-grown cotyledons, and calli subsequently grown on a solid medium developed shoots when transferred onto a regeneration medium. Three of four tested varieties (Arlo, Sonja and Bunyip) showed shoot regeneration within 2–3 months after protoplast isolation, with a high degree of reproducibility in Arlo and Bunyip. Regenerated shoots, which were induced to root on half-strength MS medium with 0.1 mg.l–1 IBA, survived in soil and grew to produce siliques and set viable seeds in the greenhouse. The present report is the first to document the production of regenerated plants that set seeds in Brassica campestris from cotyledonary protoplasts.Abbreviations BAP
benzylaminopurine
- CPW
Composition of Protoplast Washing-solution
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- EDTA
ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog medium
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- KT
kinetin
- FDA
fluorescein diacetate
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate 相似文献
253.
This review compares published surveys of microbial populations in plant tissue and cell cultures with the microbial saprophytes and pathogens found on field grown plants and microbial populations in the laboratory environment. From this comparison and the measured reduction in contamination after improvements in working practices in the laboratory, conclusions can be drawn about the importance of the explant and the laboratory as sources of contamination.
Mechanisms of pathogenicity in vitro are described to explain why bacteria, fungi, and yeasts that are not pathogenic to plants in the field become pathogens in plant tissue cultures. Conversely, plant metabolism and its effect on the tissue culture environment are described to explain why prokaryotes, viruses, and viroids that cause disease in the field can stay latent in vitro.
Detection methods for latent contaminants in plant tissue cultures are summarized, and the strategies and methods for prevention or treatment of contamination are discussed. 相似文献
254.
255.
Feeding behavior, in an ad libitum situation on potato plants in the laboratory, was continuously observed for approximately 7 h/day on 2 successive days for 18 adult femaleLeptinotarsa decemlineata. Additional behaviors were also recorded including resting, walking, biting, local movements, grooming, defecating, and regurgitating. These data were used to calculate a time budget for the various behaviors. The feeding data were analyzed to describe the structure of feeding for young adult females on their normal host plant. The criterion for a meal (minimum intermeal interval) was determined to be 286 s. This criterion was used to distinguish between intra- and intermeal interruptions in feeding for all subsequent analyses. Meals taken from leaves that were young, medium aged, or old did not differ, but on average beetles took 60% of their meals from young leaves. Meal size and meal duration were equally good predictors of when a meal would end. Feeding from stems was a prominent feature for most beetles. The stem meals had much longer durations than leaf meals, but stem feeding did not affect subsequent leaf feeding. The structure of feeding by these beetles is compared with that found in other insects, especiallyLocusta migratoria. 相似文献
256.
Plant secondary compounds can prevent feeding by phytophagous insects or, if ingested, can be poisonous to them. Less attention has been paid to the additional effects they have on feeding behavior when they are only weakly deterrent or not deterrent at all. Experiments were carried out on the generalist grass-hopperSchistocerca americana. Individuals were presented either with two cakes of high-quality artificial food with a single deterrent compound added or with two cakes, each with a different added deterrent compound. The deterrents consisted of single plant secondary compounds that were either marginally or strongly deterrent. There were profound differences in feeding behavior between those individuals given identical and those given different cake types, including longer feeding bouts on single cakes when a choice of different cake types was available. The behavioral effects demonstrate that the presence of secondary compounds in one food can influence the patterns of feeding on other available foods and suggest that such chemicals could impact foraging activities in a complex manner. 相似文献
257.
A non-dialyzable extract of fresh spinach leaves exhibited a strong antioxidant activity towards oxidation of linoleic acid and suppressed the melanin formation of a mouse melanoma cell line, B16 melanoma 4A5, without any significant effect on the proliferation of cells. 相似文献
258.
植物肌动蛋白研究的过去及现状 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
肌动蛋白作为一种骨架蛋白广泛存在于植物细胞,有重要的生理功能.综述了植物肌动蛋白的发现及研究现状,着重介绍了植物肌动蛋白的性质、结构和生理功能. 相似文献
259.
260.
To evaluate the role of predation in the evolution of diet specialization and to determine the effectiveness of various larval defenses, we offered lepidopteran larvae to colonies of the tropical ant Paraponera clavata. We recorded behavioral and physical characteristics of prey items and used log-linear models to analyze their importance as deterrents to predation by P. clavata. The most important determinant of probability of prey rejection by P. clavata was a prey's diet breadth; specialists were rejected by the ants significantly more than generalists. Other less important, but significant, predictors of prey rejection included ontogeny, morphology and chemistry. Late instar caterpillars were rejected more frequently than early instars, hairy caterpillars were rejected more frequently than caterpillars with other morphologies, and one caterpillar species with an unpalatable extract was rejected more frequently than two species with palatable extracts. 相似文献