全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5592篇 |
免费 | 466篇 |
国内免费 | 864篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 17篇 |
2023年 | 122篇 |
2022年 | 117篇 |
2021年 | 192篇 |
2020年 | 255篇 |
2019年 | 276篇 |
2018年 | 264篇 |
2017年 | 295篇 |
2016年 | 326篇 |
2015年 | 309篇 |
2014年 | 285篇 |
2013年 | 376篇 |
2012年 | 229篇 |
2011年 | 268篇 |
2010年 | 198篇 |
2009年 | 243篇 |
2008年 | 296篇 |
2007年 | 291篇 |
2006年 | 299篇 |
2005年 | 248篇 |
2004年 | 239篇 |
2003年 | 215篇 |
2002年 | 256篇 |
2001年 | 177篇 |
2000年 | 139篇 |
1999年 | 130篇 |
1998年 | 122篇 |
1997年 | 107篇 |
1996年 | 77篇 |
1995年 | 80篇 |
1994年 | 65篇 |
1993年 | 46篇 |
1992年 | 51篇 |
1991年 | 33篇 |
1990年 | 30篇 |
1989年 | 23篇 |
1988年 | 26篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 20篇 |
1984年 | 21篇 |
1983年 | 14篇 |
1982年 | 23篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 26篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有6922条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
An efficient plasmid transformation system forS. mycarofaciens 1748 has been established. In order to determine the function of MKR gene in S.mycarofaciens 1748, the gene disruption experiment was carried out. For this purpose the plasmid pKC1139 was used. A recombinant strain
with white spore appeared, in contrast to the grey-colour spore of S.myarofaciens 1748. This suggested that homologous recombination between plasmidborne MKR gene sequence and the chromosome of S.mycarofaciens 1748 had occurred. A Southern hybridization experiment using a-32P-labelled MKR gene as probe indicated that the desired integration event had occurred in the recombinant. The result of gene
disruption showed that the alteration of this gene in the chromosome of S.mycarofaciens 1748 made sporulating colonies remain white instead of taking on the typical grey colour of sporulating wild type colonies,
suggesting that MKR gene is involved in the biosynthesis of a spore pigment. The recombinant strain was incubated with fermentation
medium optimised for midecamycin production. A TLC assay showed that the recombinant strain produced midecamycin in quantities
comparable to that ofS. mycarofaciens 1748. A pCN8B12 was a clone from genomic library of midecamycin producing strain which contained a 28-kb DNA insert. The
28-kb DNA fragment contained act I-homologous and act III-homologous regions. he PKS (act I-homologous) and MKR (act III-homologous)
genes that define spore pigment of midecamycin producing strain were Jocalized by restriction endonuclease digestion with
pCN8B12, indicating that they are separated by about 10 kb DNA. The polyketide synthase gene cluster of simila; organization
has not been reported yet.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. 相似文献
92.
Rhizobium etli strain TAL182 and R. leguminosarum bv phaseoli strain 8002, both of which produce melanin pigment, were tested for their nodulation competitiveness on beans by paired inoculation with two strains which do not produce melanin: R. tropici strain CIAT899 and Rhizobium sp. strain TAL1145. An assay was developed to distinguish nodules formed by the melanin-producing and non-producing strains. Strain TAL182 had discrete competitive superiority over CIAT899 and TAL1145 for nodulation of beans. Nodulation competitiveness was not correlated with the ability to produce melanin pigment or the host range of the Rhizobium strains tested.The authors are with the Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, University of Hawaii, 3050 Maile Way, Gillmore 402, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA 相似文献
93.
The results of our present study indicate that 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3] directly induces fusion of mouse alveolar macrophages without any participation of T-lymphocytes by a mechanism involving RNA and protein synthesis but not DNA synthesis. We have reported that 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 induces fusion of alveolar macrophages by a direct mechanism and by a spleen cell-mediated indirect mechanism [(1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 5583-5587]. Alveolar macrophages pretreated with or without anti-Thy 1.2 antibody and complement fused similarly when they were incubated with 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3. The vitamin suppressed DNA synthesis, but it significantly enhanced RNA and protein synthesis. The 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3-induced fusion was blocked by adding actinomycin D or cycloheximide, but not by hydroxyurea. 相似文献
94.
Jean Morisset 《Regulatory peptides》1984,10(1):11-22
The increases in DNA synthesis and total DNA content after caerulein treatment support the trophic effect of this CCK analog on the pancreas. Over a 15 day caerulein treatment, pancreatic growth plateaued after 5 days and somatostatin is believed to be responsible for this phenomenon. The present study was undertaken to test this possibility. Rats were treated for 2 or 4 days with caerulein (1 μg · kg?1), somatostatin antiserum plus caerulein or caerulein plus somatostatin (600 μg · kg?1). Caerulein increased all parameters studied after 2 and 4 days; pancreatic hyperplasia was established after 2 days. The somatostatin antiserum significantly enhanced the effect of caerulein, especially on DNA synthesis and contents after 2 and 4 days. The trophic effect of caerulein was significantly reduced by somatostatin dramatically so with respect to hyperplasia. The effects of the somatostatin antiserum and those of somatostatin on stimulated pancreatic growth support the hypothesis that somatostatin may be considered an endogenous growth inhibitory factor for the pancreas. 相似文献
95.
Summary Pale eggs and partial cleavage are two mutations with a maternal effect that are found in the same family ofXenopus l. laevis. The pale eggs have animal hemispheres of a yellow to beige colour and give rise to normally pigmented tadpoles and frogs. The cells of pale embryos contain fewer melanosomes than those of controls. The partial cleavage eggs are characterized by an abnormality of cleavage visible from the eight-cell stage onwards, by abnormal yolk platelet distribution and abnormal cytological features. Cleaved, syncytial and uncleaved areas are observed in these eggs, which are lethal at the blastula stage. 相似文献
96.
John E. Randall Stephen M. Head Adrian P. L. Sanders 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》1978,3(2):235-238
Synopsis The giant humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus), an inhabitant of coral reefs, is widely distributed in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. Stomach and intestinal contents of 72 specimens from the Pacific and the Red Sea revealed that this fish feeds primarily on mollusks, fishes, echinoids, and crustaceans.This article is one of several presented at the Second European Ichthyological Congress, Paris, 8-15 September 1976, to be published by Environmental Biology of Fishes. 相似文献
97.
Flash excitation of isolated intact chloroplasts promoted absorbance transients corresponding to the electrochromic effect (P-518) and the α-bands of cytochrome b6 and cytochrome f. Under conditions supporting coupled cyclic electron flow, the oxidation of cytochrome b6 and the reduction of cytochrome f had relaxation half-times of 15 and 17 ms, respectively. Optimal poising of cyclic electron flow, achieved by addition of 0.1 μM 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, increased phosphorylation of endogenous ADP and prolonged these relaxation times. The presence of NH4Cl, or monensin plus NaCl, decreased the half-times for cytochrome relaxation to approximately 2 ms. Uncouplers also revealed the presence of a slow rise component in the electrochromic absorption shift, with formation half-time of about 2 ms. The inhibitors of cyclic phosphorylation antimycin and 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone abolished the slow rise in the electrochromic shift and prolonged the uncoupled relaxation times of cytochromes b6 and f by factors of ten or more.These observations indicate that cytochrome b6, plastoquinone and cytochrome f participate in a coupled electron transport process responsible for cyclic phosphorylation in intact chloroplasts. Estimations of cyclic phosphorylation rates from 40 to 120 μmol ATP/mg chlorophyll per h suggest that this process can provide a substantial fraction of the ATP needed for CO2 fixation. 相似文献
98.
In thylakoid membranes, several peptides of high MW are present which may interfere with the study of CP1's components. Modifying Cleveland's technique [7] for limited proteolysis, we have characterized the polypeptides found in the 60 kD region. Some may result from incomplete washing of the CF1 while others come from the CP1; indeed, this chlorophyll protein complex, which has a higher MW (above 100 kD), very often undergoes a dissociation into smaller components of about 60 KD MW.Analysis of the protein content of different preparations commonly used to obtain PSI reaction centre enriched fractions has been performed. The and subunits of CF1 are among the main contaminants of most of these preparations. A further purification step is described which can be applied to all these preparations, but numerous peptides are still present in the active fractions. It is most unlikely that all these polypeptides are required for the primary photochemical event, and this emphasizes the necessity to find a new simple method to purify PSI reaction centres. 相似文献
99.
Treatments wilh the herbicides chlorpropham (isopropyl m-chlorocarbinilate), DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate), and El''TC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate), alone or in combination with Meloidogyne hapla Chilwood, significantly reduced the growth of both nemalode-resistant ''Nev Syn XX'' atttt susceptible ''Ranger" alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) seedlings. M. hapla infection of both alfalfas was reduced by all herbicides because of fewer available infective courts in the treated plants. EPTC, however, reduced resistance to M. hapla, as indicated by increased galling of ''Nev Syn XX'' plants. 相似文献
100.
Summary Microtubules and 10 nm-filaments appear to be involved in the functions of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The presence of microtubules in the RPE of light-adapted eyes, but not in dark-adapted eyes, suggests that they may be involved primarily in organelle movement. On the other hand, the random and constant presence of 10 nm-filaments within the basal portion of the PE implies a cytoskeletal role for these filaments.The authors thank their colleagues Pierre Couillard and Michel Anctil for helpful advice and criticism during the course of this study. Financial support was provided by the C.R.S.N.G. du Canada and the Ministère de l'Education du Québec (F.C.A.C.) 相似文献