C3aR过度活化与糖尿病肾病肾组织损伤的关系

C3aR是补体C3裂解产物C3a的受体.最近的一些研究提示C3aR通路可能参与了糖尿病肾病(DN)的病理过程,但有关C3aR通路在DN中的确切病理作用及有关机制远未清楚.需要特别指出的是,现有的有关C3aR参与DN肾组织损伤的证据主要来自一些动物模型的研究,临床上尚缺乏较为系统全面的对DN患者肾组织C3aR通路与肾组织损伤关系的观察分析.为此,本文首次以较大的样本量分析了不同病理时期DN患者肾组织C3aR和C3a的表达变化情况及其与DN患者肾组织损伤的相关性.在此基础上,进而利用体外细胞模型,对高糖环境下C3aR活化致肾小球足细胞损伤的作用及机制进行了探讨.结果显示:a.与正常对照组相比,DN患者肾组织C3a和C3aR的表达水平随DN的进展而升高,C3aR在DN患者肾组织中的表达上调主要见于肾小管上皮细胞和肾小球足细胞;b.DN患者肾组织C3aR和C3a水平与患者肾组织损伤程度,特别是小管和小管间质损伤程度、肾小球足细胞损伤程度具有显著相关性;c.外加C3a激活C3aR可使高糖环境中的足细胞的细胞骨架发生明显改变、足细胞标记分子表达下调、足细胞通透性增加.这些结果说明:a.DN患者肾组织中确实存在C3a/C3aR轴过度活化的现象;b.C3a/C3aR轴的过度活化很可能在DN患者肾组织损伤,特别是小管和小管间质损伤、肾小球足细胞损伤中具有重要作用;c.可能通过破坏成熟足细胞特有的细胞骨架,改变足细胞标记分子表达,增加足细胞的通透性,C3a/C3aR轴过度活化参与DN足细胞损伤过程.本文不仅为C3a/C3aR通路参与DN病理过程提供了新的必不可少的临床证据,也增加了对C3a/C3aR通路过度活化致DN患者肾组织损伤机制,特别是肾小球足细胞损伤机制的了解,这对于拓展对DN病理机制的认识,发展DN防治新思路,无疑都是有益的.     

Extracting a few functionally reproducible biomarkers to build robust subnetwork-based classifiers for the diagnosis of cancer

In microarray-based case–control studies of a disease, people often attempt to identify a few diagnostic or prognostic markers amongst the most significant differentially expressed (DE) genes. However, the reproducibility of DE genes identified in different studies for a disease is typically very low. To tackle the problem, we could evaluate the reproducibility of DE genes across studies and define robust markers for disease diagnosis using disease-associated protein–protein interaction (PPI) subnetwork. Using datasets for four cancer types, we found that the most significant DE genes in cancer exhibit consistent up- or down-regulation in different datasets. For each cancer type, the 5 (or 10) most significant DE genes separately extracted from different datasets tend to be significantly coexpressed and closely connected in the PPI subnetwork, thereby indicating that they are highly reproducible at the PPI level. Consequently, we were able to build robust subnetwork-based classifiers for cancer diagnosis.     

对原发性高血压患者进行健康教育的临床意义

目的：探讨对原发性高血压患者进行健康教育的临床意义。方法：选取2012年1月至2012年12月期间入住我干休所的原发性高血压患者252例,随机分为两组。其中观察组128例,在常规疗法的基础上对其进行健康教育;对照组124例则自行服药治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后的血压变化,对高血压知识的了解程度,膳食状况,体育锻炼,遵医服药的情况,自我检测及心理健康状况等。结果：观察组患者在接受健康教育后的平均得分明显高于对照组,差异有显著意义（P〈0.05）;观察组患者的血压状况,膳食状况,体育锻炼,服药情况等相关指标在接受健康教育后具有明显差异（P〈0.05）。结论：对原发性高血压患者实施积极有效的健康教育,不但能够有效提升患者对高血压相关知识的了解程度,优化患者的相关行为,提升治疗效果,更有助于提升患者的健康状况和生活质量。     

Mixed asexual and sexual reproduction in the Indo‐Pacific reef coral Pocillopora damicornis

Pocillopora damicornis is one of the best studied reef‐building corals, yet it's somewhat unique reproductive strategy remains poorly understood. Genetic studies indicate that P. damicornis larvae are produced almost exclusively parthenogenetically, and yet population genetic surveys suggest frequent sexual reproduction. Using microsatellite data from over 580 larvae from 13 colonies, we demonstrate that P. damicornis displays a mixed reproductive strategy where sexual and asexual larvae are produced simultaneously within the same colony. The majority of larvae were parthenogenetic (94%), but most colonies (10 of the 13) produced a subset of their larvae sexually. Logistic regression indicates that the proportion of sexual larvae varied significantly with colony size, cycle day, and calendar day. In particular, the decrease in sexual larvae with colony size suggests that the mixed reproductive strategy changes across the life of the coral. This unique shift in reproductive strategy leads to increasingly asexual replications of successful genotypes, which (in contrast to exclusive parthenogens) have already contributed to the recombinant gene pool.     

A new hero emerges: another exceptional mammalian spine and its potential adaptive significance

The hero shrew''s (Scutisorex somereni) massive interlocking lumbar vertebrae represent the most extreme modification of the vertebral column known in mammals. No intermediate form of this remarkable morphology is known, nor is there any convincing theory to explain its functional significance. We document a new species in the heretofore monotypic genus Scutisorex; the new species possesses cranial and vertebral features representing intermediate character states between S. somereni and other shrews. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences support a sister relationship between the new species and S. somereni. While the function of the unusual spine in Scutisorex is unknown, it gives these small animals incredible vertebral strength. Based on field observations, we hypothesize that the unique vertebral column is an adaptation allowing these shrews to lever heavy or compressive objects to access concentrated food resources inaccessible to other animals.     

全数字化X线摄影联合MR动态增强检查诊断早期乳腺癌的临床价值研究

目的：分析早期乳腺癌的全数字X线摄影与MRI影像学表现,评价全数字X线摄影联合MRI检查在早期乳腺癌诊断中的临床价值。方法：回顾性分析2009年10月至2012年5月在我院经穿刺或手术病理证实为早期乳腺癌的42例患者的临床资料,术前均行数字X线及动态增强MR检查,比较两种方法单独使用和联合使用的诊断乳腺癌的准确率。结果：全数字化X线摄片诊断早期乳腺癌的准确率为69．0％（29／42）,动态增强MR检查为95．2％（40／42）,两者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;两者联合使用诊断早期乳腺癌的准确率为97．6％（41／42）。结论：动态增强MR检查对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值明显优于全数字X线摄影,但后者对微小钙化显示较好,两者联合可提高诊断正确率,尤其对多腺体型和致密型乳腺的早期乳腺癌的检出具有重要的价值。     

土壤溶解性有机质的特性与环境意义

土壤生态环境是一个复杂的多介质多界面体系,尽管关于土壤溶解性有机质 研究还不完善,但现有的研究表明,它是这一环境中最为活跃的化学组成之一。由于土壤溶解性有机质在C、N、P和S等营养元素的生物地球化学过程、成土过程、微生物的生长代谢过程、土壤有南分解和转化过程以及土壤污染物的迁移过程有着重要的作用,因此已成为土壤科学、生态科学和环境科学交叉领域的研究热点,本文从土壤溶解性有机质的提取方法、来源、组成、含量和影响因素、生物有效性及环境意义等方面的研究进展作了简要的论述,同时提出了未来的研究方向。     

叶肉细胞导度研究进展

叶肉细胞导度指叶片叶肉细胞内部的CO2扩散能力,在植物生理生态及全球气候变化和陆地生态系统相互关系的研究中具有重要作用。系统介绍了叶肉细胞导度的发现、发展过程及其研究进展、几种目前国际上常用的叶肉细胞导度测度方法的原理、计算过程;强调了叶肉细胞导度作为光合作用扩散过程一部分的重要意义,明确了叶肉细胞导度的定义及分布范围。并探讨了不同方法的优缺点及注意事项。总结分析了叶肉细胞导度对不同环境因子(温度、水分及环境中CO2和O3浓度等)的响应,从不同角度对叶肉细胞导度的生态学意义进行了简单的概括。对叶肉细胞导度的未来研究进行了展望。     

亮毛蕨的配子体发育特征及其系统学意义

采用原生境土培养方法对亮毛蕨(Acystopteris japonica)进行培养,并对其配子体发育过程进行了观察。结果表明:亮毛蕨植物的孢子二面体型,极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观肾形,单裂缝,无周壁,外壁具棒状纹饰,孢子萌发为书带蕨型(Vittaria-type),原叶体发育为铁线蕨型(Adiantum-type)。丝状体4～7个细胞,片状体小楔状,仅3～5个细胞宽,成熟原叶体心形,裸露,初生假根具叶绿体,颈卵器较短;配子体发育较迅速,假根具分枝和膨大,精子器囊由3个壁细胞构成,颈卵器略弯曲。本研究首次观察到亮毛蕨的颈卵器壁细胞内含有球形颗粒,但其功能不详。亮毛蕨的配子体发育过程兼有原始和进化的特点。在适宜的光照和温度下,土壤培养亮毛蕨原叶体的成苗率达95%以上,移栽成活率达89%以上。