The relationship between trace elements and cardiac markers in acute coronary syndromes

Previous studies have demonstrated increased serum copper and iron levels and decreased selenium and zinc levels in patients with myocardial infarction. Furthermore, the prognostic value of the levels of trace elements in myocardial infarction has been stressed. We examined serum levels of Cu, Fe, Zn and Se, as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), a selenoenzyme with antioxidant properties, and C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) regarding their relationship to cardiac troponins and creatine kinase-MB mass (CK-MBm), important prognostic markers. Serum trace elements, GPx activity and CRP were determined in 70 patients with ACS who were admitted within 12 h after the onset. Differences in these parameters were evaluated in three groups of patients divided according to the levels of cardiac markers: group III consisted of patients with high increases in cTnT, cTnI and CK-MBm (> or =0.9 ng/mL, > or =1.0 ng/mL, > or =30 ng/mL, respectively), patients with milder increases in these markers were included in groups II and I consisted of patients with values just above the upper reference limits. Serum Fe levels increased significantly in group II and even more prominently in group III compared to group I (p = 0.04, 0.002, respectively). There was no significant difference between groups II and III. The increase in serum Cu was significant in group III compared to both groups II and I (p = 0.04, 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference between groups I and II regarding Cu and Zn. The decrease in serum Se and GPx levels was significant only between groups III and I (p = 0.004 for Se and p = 0.0001 for GPx). CRP levels showed a significant increase in group III compared to groups II and I (p = 0.03 and 0.001). CRP showed a significant positive and GPx a significant negative correlation to the cardiac markers cTnT, cTnI and CK-MBm. Cu was positively correlated to all cardiac markers, while the positive correlation between Fe and cardiac markers was significant only for cTnI. Both Zn and Se were negatively correlated to cTnT, and Se was also to cTnI. In conclusion, the increase in serum levels of Cu and Fe and the decrease in serum levels of Zn and Se in patients with higher levels of troponins and CK-MBm imply that trace element levels are related to the degree of myocardial damage and thus may play a role in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease. The strong correlations between cardiac markers and both CRP and GPx suggest that these parameters are promising prognostic factors in acute coronary syndromes.     

RhD正定型及不规则抗体筛查的临床意义分析

目的:探究RhD正定型及不规则抗体筛查在预防临床输血不良反应中的应用价值及临床意义。方法:回顾性分析2010年至2011年、2017年至2018年于首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院输血科实施输血治疗的1892例患者,将2010年至2011年未实施Rh D正定型及不规则抗体筛查时输血治疗的901例患者设为对照组,将2017年至2018年实施RhD正定型及不规则抗体筛查后输血治疗的991例患者设为观察组。对比两组输血不良反应发生率,分析不同血液成分、不同性别、不同年龄输血不良反应发生率,并就2017年、2018年受血者RhD正定型及不规则抗体特异性分布进行罗列。结果:(1)2010年输血不良反应发生率为3.49%,2011年为2.40%,2017年为1.33%,2018年为0.74%,对照组不良反应发生率明显高于观察组(P<0.05)。(2)观察组不同血液成分输血的不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)两组不同年龄和性别输血不良反应发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)观察组共检出20例RhD正定型及不规则抗体阳性患者,其中抗-M型5例,抗-D型3例,抗-E型2例,抗-C型2例,抗-P型2例,抗-LEa型1例,抗-LEb型1例,抗-JKa型1例,抗-N型1例,抗-H型1例,非特异性抗体1例。结论:RhD正定型及不规则抗体筛查能够显著降低输血不良反应发生率,有助于提高配血的准确性,提高输血治疗的安全性。     

繁缕和无瓣繁缕六个居群的数值分析

对繁缕（Stellaria media）和无瓣繁缕（S.apetala）的6个居群的57个性状进行Q－聚类和R－聚类的研究。结果表明：（1）Q－聚类中,用一条结合线,可以把繁缕的4个居群聚为一类,无瓣繁缕的2个居群聚为一类。这一结果支持肥繁缕和无瓣繁缕划分为两个物种;（2）R－聚类中,发现了呈现完全正相关、极大正相关和极大负相关的性状,并根据R－聚类的结果,运用一条适当的结合线,把繁缕和无瓣繁缕的57个性状划为5个类群,并分析了各性状的分类学意义。     

龙津蕨的配子体发育特征及其系统学意义

采用改良Knop's营养液液体培养基于25℃恒温培养箱中培养龙津蕨(Mesopteris tonkinensis)的孢子,每天光照12 h,黑暗12 h,光照强度为2 500 lx。用光学显微镜观察记录其孢子萌发、配子体发育的全过程,为龙津蕨系统学的研究提供配子体发育方面的详实资料。结果表明:成熟孢子深褐色,不透明,两侧对称,极面观椭圆形,赤道面观圆角三角形,具单裂缝,孢子周壁具密集的脊状褶皱。播种后15 d左右萌发,形成2~5个细胞长的丝状体。孢子萌发类型为书带蕨型(vittaria-type)。具单细胞假根,不含叶绿体,基部膨大。20 d左右发育成片状体,30 d左右形成幼原叶体,幼原叶体不对称,成熟原叶体心脏形对称,56 d左右形成成熟原叶体,原叶体发育类型为铁线蕨型(adiantum-type)。幼原叶体仅左右两翼顶端细胞产生乳突毛状体,成熟原叶体边缘及背腹面都具少量乳突毛状体,毛状体由单细胞构成。68 d左右精子器开始出现,精子器近圆球形,由基细胞、环细胞、盖细胞构成。75 d左右颈卵器出现,成熟颈卵器颈部由3层细胞构成。其侧面观柱状,顶面观为铜面状。颈卵器垂直于原叶体表或向原叶体基部倾斜。另外,根据已知的金星蕨科其他属的配子体发育特征,发现龙津蕨配子体发育的这些特征与他们存在较大的区别,因此龙津蕨系统学位置还有待于进一步研究。     

Two novel hydroquinones from the roots of Arnebia guttata Bge

Two novel hydroquinone derivatives, named guttaquinol A and B (1, 2), together with fifteen known compounds (3–17), were isolated from the roots of Arnebia guttata Bge.. Spectroscopic methods, including NMR, HR-MS, ECD, and data from the literature were used to determine the chemical structures (including the absolute configurations) of the compounds. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated compounds was also discussed.     

Obligate costs of parental care to offspring: egg brooding-induced hypoxia creates smaller, slower and weaker python offspring

Python egg brooding typifies parental care because it consists of multiple behaviours that provide for multiple developmental needs. For example, tightly coiling around the eggs benefits embryonic water balance, but periodic female postural adjustments improve embryonic gas exchange. Regardless of these postural adjustments, egg brooding creates a hypoxic intra-clutch environment that constrains embryonic metabolism. We further examined this novel and useful parental care model to determine: (1) any fitness-related costs of egg brooding to offspring; (2) whether any long-term costs are alleviated by postural adjustments. We artificially incubated Children's python ( Antaresia childreni ) clutches and modulated oxygen partial pressure ( P O₂) to create three treatments: normoxic (NRM, 20.3 kPa O₂), brooding [BRD, P O₂ profile typical of clutch P O₂ ( P O_2clutch) in maternally brooded clutches, 15.8–19.3 kPa O₂] and low (LOW, predicted P O₂ profile of maternally brooded P O_2clutch if females did not make postural adjustments, 14.4–18.6 kPa O₂). Using various metrics from ∼12 days pre-hatching to 14 days post-hatching, we demonstrated that NRM offspring were larger, faster and stronger than BRD offspring. As only hatchling heart mass differed between BRD and LOW treatments (LOW > BRD), postural adjustments may not alleviate hypoxia-related costs to embryos. Our results demonstrate that parental care may represent a compromise between competing developmental needs and thus entails obligate costs to the offspring.  © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2009, 98 , 414–421.     

柳属的叶表皮微形态特征及其分类学意义

研究了29种柳属( Salix )植物在扫描电镜下的叶表皮微形态特征.结果表明:柳属的角质层蜡质纹饰可以划分为:痂状蜡质层,壳状平滑蜡质层,具凸起颗粒的蜡质层,具颗粒的蜡质层,锥形纤维体和鳞片状纤维体6种类型.其中锥形纤维体和鳞片状纤维体均为柳属所特有的蜡质类型,后者为前者的变型,这两种蜡质纹饰类型多见于较为进化的皱纹柳亚属和黄花柳亚属,故推测其可能为柳属中较为进化的性状.研究还发现气孔有外拱盖扁平和隆起呈脊状2种类型.而气孔外拱盖内缘为浅波状的类型仅见于高山和北极的类群中,因而推测该类型可能同高山和极地的低温等环境有关.气孔外拱盖的形态及其角化的情况以及蜡质类型是稳定的鉴别特征,对于柳属植物,尤其是一些表型相似的种类有很好的鉴别作用,但对于组、亚属的界定作用不大.     

Biological Flora of Central Europe: Baldellia ranunculoides (Alismataceae)

Baldellia ranunculoides (L.) Parl. (Alismataceae) is a taxonomically problematic aquatic plant with an historically ill-defined distribution and global conservation status. This paper finds morphological, ecological and molecular evidence for two distinct taxa, probably best described as subspecies: (1) B. ranunculoides subsp. ranunculoides and (2) B. ranunculoides subsp. repens and provides detailed distribution data on their overlapping range, in different habitats, across the cool, high rainfall areas of western Europe and west Mediterranean. The two subspecies are amongst the relatively large number of threatened European and north Africa aquatic plants and this paper provides a systematic review of their relative conservation pressures and management needs, with particular emphasis on the status of both taxa in central Europe. Other observations indicate probable evolutionary relationships within B. ranunculoides s.l. and its associated taxa and the review points out where these and other research topics could potentially be pursued.     

过敏性鼻炎患儿淋巴细胞亚群与血清IgE水平变化及意义

目的:研究过敏性鼻炎患儿淋巴细胞亚群与血清免疫球蛋白E(IgE)水平变化及其临床意义,为临床诊疗提供依据。方法:选取2015年6月到2016年6月我院收治的过敏性鼻炎患儿103例为研究组,另选取同期健康体检者103例为对照组,应用流式细胞技术检测CD3~+、CD4~+、CD19~+、CD8~+、CD4~+CD25~+水平,应用酶联免疫吸附法检测白介素-4(IL-4)、白介素-5(IL-5)和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平,应用免疫比浊法检测IgE水平,对比两组淋巴细胞亚群水平、血清中IL-4、IL-5、IFN-γ水平及IgE水平的变化,并分析其相关性。结果:研究组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+CD25~+显著低于对照组,CD19~+显著高于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组IL-4、IL-5水平显著高于对照组,IFN-γ水平显著低于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组IgE水平显著高于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);相关性分析显示:CD19~+与IgE水平呈正相关关系(P0.05)。结论:淋巴细胞亚群失衡、血清IgE均与过敏性鼻炎有关,在过敏性鼻炎发生和发展中发挥重要作用。