水稻叶片对模拟酸雨伤害的生理反应

水稻暴露于ｐＨ２．５～４．２的模拟酸雨中２个月后测定表明：叶片叶绿素含量下降,细胞液离子外渗率增加,气孔阻抗增高,蒸腾速率降低。不同叶位的水稻叶片对模拟酸雨的敏感性不同,杂交稻（汕优６３）对模拟酸雨的敏感性较粳稻（中粳８６４）高     

On-line state recognition in a yeast fed-batch culture using error vectors

The physiological states with respect to cell growth and ethanol production in a yeast fed-batch culture expressed in linguistic form could be recognized on-line by fuzzy inferencing based on error vectors. The error vector was newly defined here in a macroscopic elemental balance equation. The physiological states for cell growth and ethanol production were characterized by error vectors using many experimental data from fed-batch cultures. Fuzzy membership functions were constructed from the frequency distributions of the error vectors and state recognition was performed by fuzzy inferencing. In particular, an unusual physiological state for a yeast cultivation, in which aerobic ethanol production was accompanied by very low cell growth, could be recognized accurately. According to the results of the state recognition, an energy parameter, the P/O ratio in the metabolic reaction model was adaptively estimated, and the cell growth was successfully evaluated with the estimated P/O. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

原生质体电融合酵母多倍体生理特性的研究

对原生质体电融合技术获得的11株酵母多倍体融合株,进行了一系列生理特性的分析比较．结果发现,在电融合过程中,融合株的细胞体积及DNA含量并不随着核倍性呈线性递增．而是有其特殊的变化规律。当糖化酵母sta1、sta2和sta3在细胞核中各自纯合时,明显表现出表达的剂量效应。其中sta1、sta2纯合的融合株．在YEPS培养中,GA分泌可被淀粉大量诱导,表现出一定的二次生长特性。从分析结果推测,在亲株5301-14D及HU-TY—1A中可能有对GA分泌不利的因素。     

Levels of indole-3-acetic acid in intact and decapitated coleoptiles as determined by a specific and highly sensitive solid-phase enzyme immunoassay

A specific solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for the detection of as little as 3–4 pg of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is described. The assay involves minimal procedural efforts and requires only standard laboratory equipment. Up to 50 samples in triplicate, processed simultaneously, can be assayed and evaluated in 2.5 h. As little as 1 mg oat coleoptile tissue is sufficient for a quantitative IAA analysis and little or no extract purification is necessary. Using this assay, levels of IAA have been determined in coleoptiles of maize and oat. The distribution of IAA within single coleoptiles was quantitated and the production of IAA during the regeneration of the physiological tip in Avena coleoptiles was investigated. The changes in levels of IAA and other major phytohormones were quantitated during the growth of oat coleoptiles.Abbreviations ABA abscisic acid - BHT butylated hydroxytoluene - BSA bovine serum albumin - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - TBS Trishydroxymethylaminomethane buffered saline Part 21 in the series Use of Immunoassay in Plant Science     

Lipoxygenase activity in apples in relation to storage and physiological disorders

Different methods for the preparation of active lipoxygenase (LOX) extracts from apples were compared. Highest activities were obtained using a 0.25 M phosphate buffer (pH 7) containing 1% Triton X-100 and 10^?2 M metabisulphite as extraction solvent. LOX activity during storage was investigated in the core, flesh, and peel. Activity was always highest in the core and peel. On storage, activity was increased in each part of the fruit but especially in the core and peel. Increase in LOX preceded the browning of the core. LOX may be responsible for the browning and may be concerned in the induction of superficial scald.     

不同青枯病抗性的番茄品种内生细菌生理群数量研究

本论文对青枯病抗性不同的番茄品种其内生细菌生理群数量变化进行了研究,结果表明,番茄内生细菌生理群数量的变化随品种抗性、生育期和季节的不同而变化.在7大类生理群细菌中,氨化细菌的数量最多,且在幼苗期以后,高抗青枯病番茄品种中数量明显高于高感品种,初步认为,氨化细菌可能是影响青枯病发生的关键性微生物.番茄抗病品种在不同生育期,其内生细菌的总体数量要比感病品种多,呈交替波动变化.氨化细菌、硝化细菌、固氮细菌和反硫化细菌平均数量均表现为在夏季高于冬季,硫化细菌的数量则冬季高于夏季,厌气性细菌数量最少.     

珍稀濒危植物堇叶紫金牛对持续干旱的生理响应

采用盆栽控水法,研究了珍稀濒危植物堇叶紫金牛(Ardisia violacea)在持续干旱条件下的生理响应。随着持续干旱时间的延长,堇叶紫金牛应对持续干旱的阶段可分为适应期、轻度干旱期、中度干旱期和重度干旱期。在适应期和轻度干旱期,堇叶紫金牛叶片游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量稳定在一个较低水平,可溶性蛋白质含量先下降后快速上升,细胞膜系统和抗氧化酶系统能主动进行生理调节;中度干旱期,丙二醛(MDA)含量和质膜相对透性迅速升高,细胞膜系统受损加剧,游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量均急剧增加,对抵御干旱起到重要的渗透调节作用。在轻度干旱期和中度干旱期,光合色素中叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著提高,以抵抗干旱胁迫。重度干旱期,细胞膜系统、抗氧化酶SOD、游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量上升,但MDA略微下降,这时可能达到植物耐受干旱的极限,不再发生膜脂过氧化作用。综上表明,堇叶紫金牛具有较强的耐旱性,RWC为49.94%是细胞膜系统、抗氧化酶系统和渗透调节物质含量变化的拐点,渗透调节和抗氧化酶系统的主动适应是其耐旱的主要机制。     

濒危植物长叶榧的光合生理生态特性

利用Li-6400 XT便携式光合作用仪对林窗、林缘、林下3种生境中的长叶榧(Torreya ackii)在春、夏、秋、冬4个季节里的光合生理生态指标进行测定,探讨3种生境中长叶榧光合能力的季节变化及其对不同光环境的响应,分析其濒危机制,为长叶榧的迁地保护和种群的繁衍复壮提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)林窗、林缘的长叶榧净光合速率(Pn)日变化在夏季呈"双峰"曲线,其它3个季节均呈"单峰"曲线;林下的Pn日变化在4个季节均呈"单峰"曲线。(2)3种生境中最大净光合速率(Pnmax)、光饱和点(LSP)、表观量子效率(AQY)、最大羧化速率(Vcmax)、最大电子传递速率(Jmax)、磷酸丙糖利用率(TPU)均为夏季最高,使得夏季有较强的光合作用能力,但夏季林窗、林缘的长叶榧出现光合"午休"现象,光补偿点(LCP)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)也较高,使得夏季林窗生境的长叶榧日均Pn明显低于于秋季,林缘的日均Pn与秋季差异不显著。(3)4个季节的日均Pn、Pnmax、LSP、Vcmax、Jma、TPU均为林窗最高,林窗与林下差异显著,表明长叶榧具有阳性植物的特点,适宜生长在光照较强的林窗生境。(4)在生长旺盛的夏、秋季,长叶榧的LSP比伴生物种低,LCP比伴生物种高,对光适应的生态幅度较窄;与伴生物种相比,长叶榧的Pn较低,光合能力较弱,在激烈的种间竞争中处于不利地位,可能成为其濒危的一个重要原因。     

核桃凋落叶分解对小麦生长及生理特性的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了核桃(Juglans regia)凋落叶分解对小麦(Triticum aestivum)生长及抗氧化酶系统、渗透调节物质含量的影响。试验设置A1(30 g/盆)、A2(60 g/盆)、A3(90 g/盆)和对照(CK)4个凋落叶水平,将各处理的凋落叶分别与8 kg土壤混合后装盆。同时设置补充试验,将称好的核桃凋落叶蒸煮12 h,先后用80%丙酮和乙醇充分浸泡24 h,再蒸煮12 h,其他处理方法和条件相同,观测分析浸提蒸煮后的核桃凋落叶在施入土壤后对受体植物的影响。结果表明:核桃凋落叶分解(0—160 d)明显抑制了小麦茎秆地径、茎高、株高、地上部分干重,并随凋落叶量的增加抑制作用增强;随凋落叶量的增加,75—115 d小麦叶片超氧化物歧化酶SOD活性增强,但过氧化氢酶CAT和过氧化物酶POD活性显著低于CK但各凋落叶处理之间变化不明显;75—95 d小麦叶片丙二醛MDA含量变化不明显,115 d时随凋落叶量增加MDA含量显著增加;75—115 d随凋落叶量的增加可溶性糖含量显著增加,但可溶性蛋白含量呈现出下降的趋势;各处理凋落叶对小麦的化感综合效应CE均表现为抑制效应,0—115 d抑制效应增强,115 d后抑制效应减弱,这是由于核桃凋落叶在土壤中分解释放的有害次生代谢物质已明显减少;在补充试验中,各处理间无明显形态差别,CK、B1(30 g/盆)和B2(60 g/盆)水平下各生长指标差异不显著(P0.05),B3(90 g/盆)水平下化感效应指数RI的绝对值与A3相比明显减小,表明在一定的凋落叶施入量范围内,其对土壤物理性质的影响和对小麦根系生长的物理阻隔不会显著抑制小麦的生长。综合各项指标,表明核桃凋落叶分解过程中释放的次生代谢物质显著抑制了小麦生长和生理特性。