基因组磷硫酰化修饰的研究进展及展望北大核心CSCD

DNA磷硫酰化修饰是DNA骨架上的第一例生理修饰。该修饰由dnd ABCDE编码的5个蛋白协同作用,以硫原子取代DNA磷酸二酯键上一个非桥接的氧原子。研究发现,DNA磷硫酰化修饰广泛存在于各种微生物中,在不同细菌中存在序列特异性,且具有R_P空间构象专一性。近年来,对DNA磷硫酰化修饰的研究取得了一系列的成果。为了对DNA磷硫酰化修饰有一个系统全面的了解,本文将就这一特殊生理修饰的发现过程,研究进展,未来所面临的机遇及挑战作一个简要的概述。     

反义寡聚脱氧核苷酸（ODN）衍生物抑制乙肝病毒抗原表达的研究

为比较针对中不同基因的ＯＤＮ硫代衍生物阻断乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）的抗原表达,合成了与核心蛋白编码基因起始码上游序列,多聚酶蛋白编码基因起码上游及内部序列３．５ｋｂＲＮＡ３＇端起始负链ＤＮＡ合成序列互补的寡聚脱氧核苷酸硫代衍生物,分别在ＨＢＶ短暂表达和稳定表达细胞培养系统中观察其抑制ＨＢＶ抗原表达的作用。结果发现,当培养液中ＯＤＮ浓度为２０μｍｏｌ／ＬＪＦ ,四种ＯＤＮ均能抑ＨｅｐＧ２．２．１５细胞     

有机磷杀虫剂T-751对四种害虫的杀虫活性

测定了T-751（O-甲基-O-苯基-S-正丙基硫代磷酸酯）对4种害虫的杀虫活性。结果表明,T-751对东方家蝇、豆蚜和二斑叶螨的LD50分别为0．42、70．5、4．20mg／L。T-751对东方家蝇的杀虫活性要比杀螟硫磷高11倍。在剂量分别为2．95,7．37mg／m2时,该药对东方家蝇和美洲大蠊的KT50分别为13．57和30．83分钟。     

Biochemical analysis of hatchet self-cleaving ribozymes

Hatchet RNAs are members of a novel self-cleaving ribozyme class that was recently discovered by using a bioinformatics search strategy. The consensus sequence and secondary structure of this class includes 13 highly conserved and numerous other modestly conserved nucleotides interspersed among bulges linking four base-paired substructures. A representative hatchet ribozyme from a metagenomic source requires divalent ions such as Mg²⁺ to promote RNA strand scission with a maximum rate constant of ∼4 min⁻¹. As with all other small self-cleaving ribozymes discovered to date, hatchet ribozymes employ a general mechanism for catalysis involving the nucleophilic attack of a ribose 2′-oxygen atom on an adjacent phosphorus center. Kinetic characteristics of the reaction demonstrate that members of this ribozyme class have an essential requirement for divalent metal ions and that they might have a complex active site that employs multiple catalytic strategies to accelerate RNA cleavage by internal phosphoester transfer.     

Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT-1) phosphoramidase transforms nucleoside 5'-O-phosphorothioates to nucleoside 5'-O-phosphates

Nucleoside 5′-O-phosphorothioates are formed in vivo as primary products of hydrolysis of oligo(nucleoside phosphorothioate)s (PS-oligos) that are applied as antisense therapeutic molecules. The biodistribution of PS-oligos and their pharmacokinetics have been widely reported, but little is known about their subsequent decay inside the organism. We suggest that the enzyme responsible for nucleoside 5′-O-monophosphorothioate ((d)NMPS) metabolism could be histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (Hint-1), a phosphoramidase belonging to the histidine triad (HIT) superfamily that is present in all forms of life. An additional, but usually ignored, activity of Hint-1 is its ability to catalyze the conversion of adenosine 5′-O-monophosphorothioate (AMPS) to 5′-O-monophosphate (AMP). By mutagenetic and biochemical studies, we defined the active site of Hint-1 and the kinetic parameters of the desulfuration reaction (P-S bond cleavage). Additionally, crystallographic analysis (resolution from 1.08 to 1.37 Å) of three engineered cysteine mutants showed the high similarity of their structures, which were not very different from the structure of WT Hint-1. Moreover, we found that not only AMPS but also other ribonucleoside and 2′-deoxyribonucleoside phosphorothioates are desulfurated by Hint-1 at the following relative rates: GMPS > AMPS > dGMPS ≥ CMPS > UMPS > dAMPS ≫ dCMPS > TMPS, and during the reaction, hydrogen sulfide, which is thought to be the third gaseous mediator, was released.     

硫代反义寡核苷酸在细胞培养内抗甲型流感病毒活性

为了研究抗流感病毒特异性反义核酸药物,针对Ａ型流感病毒基因组３＇和５＇端保守序列,设计并合成了４条硫代寡核苷酸（ＯＤＮ）：３＇端反义ＯＤＮ（ＩＶ３＾＃）与３＇端正义ＯＤＮ（ＩＶ３Ｓ）,５＇端反义ＯＤＮ（ＩＶ４＾＃）与５＇端正交ＯＤＮ（ＩＶ４Ｓ）。以流感病毒血凝滴度和致细胞病变作用为指标,测定了ＯＤＮｓ在ＭＤＣＫ细胞中对Ａ型流感病毒Ａ／京防／８６－１（Ｈ１Ｎ１）复制的影响。结果表明,与流感病毒基因组     

Analogues of Uridinediphosphatehexoses. A New Type of Protein Glycosylation Inhibitors That Show Antiviral Activity

Abstract

A series of analogues of UDP-Glc and UDP-GlcNAc prepared by reaction of protected hexoses with ClSO₂NCO and 2′3′-O-isopropylideneuridine, inhibited glycosylation of proteins in HSV-1 infected HeLa cells and were active against several enveloped viruses.     

Unusual thermal stability of RNA/[RP-PS]-DNA/RNA triplexes containing a homopurine DNA strand

Homopurine deoxyribonucleoside phosphorothioates, as short as hexanucleotides and possessing all internucleotide linkages of RP configuration, form a triple helix with two RNA or 2'-OMe-RNA strands, with Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen complementarity. Melting temperature and fluorescence quenching experiments strongly suggest that the Hoogsteen RNA strand is parallel to the homopurine [RP-PS]-oligomer. Remarkably, these triplexes are thermally more stable than complexes formed by unmodified homopurine DNA molecules of the same sequence. The triplexes formed by phosphorothioate DNA dodecamers containing 4-6 dG residues are thermally stable at pH 7.4, although their stability increases significantly at pH 5.3. FTIR measurements suggest participation of the C2-carbonyl group of the pyrimidines in the stabilization of the triplex structure. Formation of triple-helix complexes with exogenously delivered PS-oligos may become useful for the reduction of RNA accessibility in vivo and, hence, selective suppression/inhibition of the translation process.     

硫代磷酸反义寡脱氧核苷酸抗HBV细胞的实验研究

针对ＨＢＶ的５个基因位点作为靶序列,设计合成硫代反义寡聚核苷酸（Ｓ－ａｓＯＤＮ）．应用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法、ＭＴＴ比色法、电子显微镜等手段,观察Ｓ－ａｓＯＤＮ对ＨｅｐＧ２２２１５细胞ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ抗原的表达,及细胞的毒性、细胞形态和超微结构的影响．结果显示不同靶位点的Ｓ－ａｓＯＤＮ对ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ表达都有显著的抑制作用,且表现为序列特异性、剂量相关性、联合协同性和一定的抗核酸酶性,在浓度为２０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,对细胞无明显杀伤作用,对细胞的超微结构无显著的改变．结果提示Ｓ－ａｓＯＤＮ有望发展为抗ＨＢＶ的有效药物,但靶序列的选择、透细胞膜性及联合用药配伍等仍值得进一步研究和解决．