油木奈果实苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因的分离与表达分析

该试验从(木奈)褐变果实均一化全长cDNA文库中获得一个苯丙氨酸解氨酶全长基因,命名为PsPAL,并对该基因进行了生物信息学分析和表达模式的研究.结果表明:(1) PsPAL基因全长2 497 bp,开放阅读框为2 154bp,编码718个氨基酸,蛋白质分子量为78 kD,理论等电点为6.6.(2)系统进化树比对分析表明,PsPAL蛋白与蔷薇科甜樱桃PaPAL属于同簇,具有苯丙氨酸解氨酶-组氨酸解氨酶(PAL-HAL)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)保守区域.(3) P.sPAL在(木奈)果实发育的前期表达量较高,在花后50 d表达量最高,随后开始下降,在成熟果中表达较弱.(4)荧光定量PCR分析表明,在响应机械损伤和低温处理后,与对照相比,PsPAL呈明显的上调表达趋势;高温和无氧处理后PsPAL呈先上升后下降的趋势;乙烯处理后,PsPAL呈上调-下调-上调的变化趋势.     

水果中阿斯巴甜的研究

采用高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱(HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS)对橙等8种水果中的苯丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和阿斯巴甜进行测定,采用气相顶空(HS-GC)对水果中的甲醇进行测定,并进行阿斯巴甜的模拟合成实验,研究在水果中是否存在阿斯巴甜及合成阿斯巴甜所必须的苯丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和甲醇以及它们之间的浓度关系。实验结果表明:8种水果中均含有阿斯巴甜、苯丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和甲醇。其中阿斯巴甜的含量为23.4～117μg/kg,天冬氨酸含量为8.72～186 mg/kg,苯丙氨酸含量为1.84～84.2 mg/kg,甲醇含量为1.81～248mg/kg。不同水果中阿斯巴甜含量差异不大,而苯丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和甲醇的含量差异较大。阿斯巴甜的含量与苯丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和甲醇的含量无明显相关性。     

Enhancement of nitrogen release properties of urea–kaolinite fertilizer with chitosan binder

The use of controlled release fertilizer (CRF) has become a new trend to minimize environmental pollution. In this study, urea–kaolinite containing 20 wt% urea after one hour dry grinding was mixed with different concentrations of chitosan as a binder to prepare nitrogen-based CRF. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the hydrogen bonding between urea and kaolinite. Covalent interaction between urea–kaolinite and chitosan make the granules stronger. The nitrogen release was measured in 5 days interval using a diacetylmonoxime calorimetric method at a wavelength of 527 nm. The results illustrated that by increasing the chitosan concentration from 3 to 7.5%, nitrogen release decreased from 41.23 to 25.25% after one day and from 77.31 to 59.27% after 30 days incubation in water. Compressive stress at break tests confirmed that granules with chitosan 6% had the highest resistance and were chosen for ammonia volatilization tests. Ammonia volatilization was carried out using the forced-draft technique for a period of 10 weeks. The results showed that the total amount of ammonia loss for conventional urea fertilizer and urea–kaolinite–chitosan granules was 68.63 and 56.75%, respectively. This controlled release product could be applied in agricultural crop production purpose due to its controlled solubility in the soil, high nutrient use efficiency and potential economic benefits.     

Effect of Cycloheximide on Development of Mitochondria in Germinating Pea Cotyledons

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) mediated transfection of Lactobacillus casei ATCC 27092 protoplasts by phage PL-1 DNA was done. The protoplasts were obtained by treatment with purified PL-1 phage N-acetylmuramidase in the presence of citrate. Optimum conditions for transfection were 50% PEG 4,000, 15 µg protamine sulfate/ml, 0.15 m sucrose, and 10 m m MgSO₄ in MR medium (pH 6.0). The extent of transfection was proportional to the amounts of DNA added, and the greatest efficiency of transfection after a 10-min incubation was about 3.3 × 10⁵ PFU/µg DNA. The eclipse period of growth of progeny phages in the transfectants was 3 hr and the average burst size was 200.     

Homogeneous Enzymatic Assay for L-Cysteine with βC-S Lyase

We have developed a new enzymatic assay for determining L-cysteine concentration. The method involves the use of βC-S lyase from Streptococcus anginosus, which catalyzes the α,β-elimination of L-cysteine to hydrogen sulfide, pyruvate, and ammonia. The production of pyruvate is measured by D-lactate dehydrogenase and NADH. The decrease in NADH was proportional to the L-cysteine concentration up to 1.0 mM. When serum samples were used, within-day and day-to-day coefficient variations were below 4%. This method is simple, and can easily and reliably be used for accurate determination of L-cysteine concentration in serum or other samples.     

厌氧氨氧化体的组成、结构与功能

厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)是微生物和环境领域的研究热点之一。厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)是Anammox的功能载体。不同于大部分原核微生物,AnAOB具有独特的细胞器——厌氧氨氧化体,它是进行Anammox代谢的场所。研究厌氧氨氧化体有助于探明厌氧氨氧化菌的代谢特性。本文综述了厌氧氨氧化体的组成、结构与功能,以期为从事Anammox研究的同行提供参考。