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881.
Heavy metal pollution of the soils around an abandoned Pb-Zn mine site located in the Alcudia Valley (South Central Spain) have been characterized by analysis of extractable and total metal concentrations in 60 samples of arable, pasture, and mine lands. The samples showed a broad range of size-particle distribution, cation exchange capacity, and pH values as well as high levels of total metal concentrations (up to 98510 mg kg?1 of Pb, up to 20912 mg kg?1 of Zn, and up to 61 mg kg?1 of Cd). In order to assess the potential availability of metals the metal partitioning in two different soil size fractions (<2 mm and <63 μm) was determined using EDTA and CaCl2 as sequestering reagents. The average contents of Pb, Zn, and Cd in the <63 μm particle size fraction for both extractions were higher than those of the <2 mm fraction due to the high metal adsorption capacity of the fine soil particles. Concentrations of heavy metals extracted by CaCl2 were up to three orders of magnitude lower than those extracted by EDTA, because CaCl2 only extracts the easily mobile fraction. Metal concentrations extracted by both procedures in the two granulometric fractions increased with total metal concentrations, thus increasing the potential environmental risk associated to heavy metal pollution. 相似文献
882.
土荆芥的石油醚提取物及精油对冈比亚按蚊的杀虫活性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Abiodun A. DENLOYE Oluwakemi K. AJELARA Rasaq A. OLOWU Adeolu O. ESHILOKUN Winifred A. MAKANJUOLA 《昆虫学报》2009,52(8):923-928
在室内条件下测试了土荆芥Chenopodium ambrosioides 叶片的石油醚提取物及精油对冈比亚按蚊Anopheles gambiae 0~2 d龄成虫和1~4龄幼虫的毒性。每一龄期各取30头幼虫分别接触50,100,250,500,750和1 000 mg/L提取物和精油,于24 h和48 h后记录死亡幼虫的数目。30头成虫在密封的长方形玻璃笼子中分别接触0.8,1.6,2.4 μL/L土荆芥精油蒸气, 24 h后记录死亡率。结果表明,测试的提取物和精油对冈比亚按蚊的各龄幼虫和成虫均具有毒性。48 h致死中浓度(LC50)的测试结果表明,石油醚提取物对1龄幼虫的毒性最强(14.89 mg/L),其次是对4龄幼虫(18.90 mg/L),对3龄幼虫的毒性最低(183.77 mg/L); 精油对4龄幼虫毒性最强(36.62 mg/L),其次是对1龄幼虫(90.75 mg/L)。推算的土荆芥精油对冈比亚按蚊的LC50为1.01 μL/L。本研究揭示了土荆芥对冈比亚按蚊的防治潜力。 相似文献
883.
Saeed Khalil Mater H. Mahnashi Manzoor Hussain Naheed Zafar Waqar-Un-Nisa Falak Sher Khan Umara Afzal Ghulam Mujtaba Shah Usama Muhammad Niazi Muhammad Awais Muhammad Irfan 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(10):5728
ObjectivesTo explore the algal floral diversity and its role to determine water quality.MethodsThe regular monthly collection of algal and water samples was made during 2018. Unicellular algae were preserved in 2 to 3% formalin while macroalgae in 4% formalin. Microphotographs of algae were taken at the biotechnological Lab of PCSIR Lahore, Pakistan. Palmer pollution index was used to determine water quality.ResultsThe study identified 201 algal species distributed among 57 genera, 42 families, 25 orders, 10 classes and 7 divisions. The total score of Algal Genus Pollution Index of Banjosa Lake, Ali Sojal Dam, Dothan Dam, Drake Dam and Rawalakot Nullah (city) were 14, 9, 10, 18 and 25 respectively. It was revealed that Banjosa Lake has probable organic pollution, Ali Sojal Dam and Dothan Dam showed lack of organic pollution, Drake Dam indicated moderate pollution while Rawalakot Nullah (City) indicated confirm high organic pollution.ConclusionWe strongly recommend the conservation and managed status of algal species for sustainable resource of algal- derived products in future. It was revealed that the water quality of Banjosa Lake, Drak Dam and Rawalakot Nullah was affected from anthropogenic activities and needs to be managed. 相似文献
884.
885.
I. A. Borzenkov E. I. Milekhina M. T. Gotoeva E. P. Rozanova S. S. Belyaev 《Microbiology》2006,75(1):66-72
Eleven strains of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria, isolated from oilfields and representing the genera Rhodococcus, Gordonia, Dietzia, and Pseudomonas, were characterized as mesophiles and neutrophiles. Rhodococci were halotolerant microorganisms growing in a media containing up to 15% NaCl. All the strains oxidized n-alkanes of crude oil. An influence of the cultivation temperatures (28 or 45°C) and organic supplements on the degradation of C12-C30 n-alkanes in oxidized oil by two bacterial strains of the genus Pseudomonas was shown. The introduction of acetate, propionate, butyrate, ethanol, and sucrose led mainly to decreased oxidation of petroleum paraffins. At certain cultivation temperatures, the addition of volatile fatty acid salts increased the content of certain n-alkanes in oxidized oil as compared to crude oil. 相似文献
886.
887.
Field and laboratory research has repeatedly shown that free-living soil nematodes differ in their sensitivity to soil pollution. In this paper, we analyze whether nematode genera proved sensitive or tolerant toward heavy metals and organic pollutants in six long-term field experiments. We discuss overlaps between nematode physiological responses to heavy metals and to organic pollutants, which may explain why nematodes can exhibit co-tolerance toward several contaminants. We propose a simple method for separating direct effects of soil contamination on nematode populations from indirect effects mediated through the food chain. Finally, we analyze the extent to which nematodes exhibited consistent responses across the experiments analyzed. Our results show that (a) indirect effects of pollution were generally strong; (b) fewer nematode genera were tolerant than sensitive; (c) many genera, including practically all Adenophorea, exhibited a common response pattern to contaminants; and (d) several genera of the Secernentea exhibited differential tolerance toward particular pollutants. We conclude that bioindication of soil contamination should preferentially be based on tolerant, and less on sensitive, nematodes. We provide a list of nematode genera that may potentially serve as differential bioindicators for specific soil contaminants. 相似文献
888.
O3 impacts on plant development: a meta-analysis of root/shoot allocation and growth 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The mechanism of O3 action on plants remains poorly characterized. Symptoms include visible lesions on the leaf surface, reduced growth and a hypothesized reduction in allocation of carbohydrate to roots. The generality of this latter phenomenon has not been demonstrated. Here, a meta-analysis is performed of all available experimental data, to test the hypotheses that O3 exposure of the shoot inhibits biomass allocation below ground (the root/shoot allometric coefficient, k) and inhibits whole-plant growth rate [relative growth rate (RGR)]. Both k and RGR were significantly reduced by O3 (5.6 and 8.2%, respectively). Variability in k was greater than in RGR, and both exhibited some positive as well as mostly negative responses. The effects on k were distinct from the effects on RGR. In some cases, k was reduced while RGR was unaffected. Slow-growing plants (small RGR) exhibited the largest declines in k. These observations may have mechanistic implications regarding O3 phytotoxicity. There were no effects of type of exposure chamber on sensitivity to O3. The analyses indicate that the O3 inhibition of allocation to roots is real and general, but variable. Further experiments are needed for under-represented plant groups, to characterize exceptions to this generalization and to evaluate O3--environment interactions. 相似文献
889.
890.
华南地区8种藤本植物叶绿素荧光特性对模拟二氧化硫污染的响应 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
研究了模拟SO2处理对8种华南地区常见盆栽藤本植物离体叶片的叶绿素荧光参数、快速光强响应曲线(RLC)、叶片总抗氧化能力(清除有机自由基1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 水平)和叶片色素含量的影响.结果表明,经过10 h的20 mmol/L NaHSO3浸泡,8种藤本植物离体叶片的Fv/Fm,φPSII,rETR,rETRmax和RLC初始斜率α与对照(纯净水浸泡)相比有明显下降.8种供试植物的叶片总抗氧化能力和叶片色素含量的变化存在种间差异.8种藤本植物中龙吐珠(Clerodendron thomsonae)、锦屏藤(Cissus sicyoides)和禾雀花(Mucuna birdwoodiana)是对模拟SO2抗性较强的绿化藤本植物,抗性较差的是首冠藤(Bauhinia corymbosa)、红花西番莲(Passiflora coccinea)和宝巾(Bougainvillea glabra). 相似文献