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71.
《Journal of Industrial Ecology》2002,6(3-4):103-123
Our article uses a new institutional economics (NIE) framework to explore the role of voluntary industry standards in the development and implementation of environmental supplier-management programs in the computer industry. We examine two different voluntary standards, one for the management of design for environment (DfE) in the semiconductor fabrication equipment sector and the other for assessing the implementation and use of environmental management systems throughout the computer industry supply chain. We compare and contrast the two standards to explain why the former was widely adopted and has helped integrate DfE into buyer-supplier relations among adopters, whereas the latter failed to gain acceptance. In line with NIE logic, both standards aimed to lower transaction and customization costs by setting "rules of the game" for interfirm transactions that would help simplify and routinize novel environmental supply-chain programs and activities. Their differential success can be elucidated in terms of how well each met the NIE criteria for remediableness and legitimacy. We conclude that voluntary standards have the potential to play an important role in promoting DfE in industrial supply chains. We further conclude that NIE provides a conceptual framework of great value to industrial ecologists who analyze how industry standards and other institutions help firms move toward more sustainable supply-chain management practices. 相似文献
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Yanjie Cheng Ziwei Zheng Shuang Liu Junwei Xiang Chuanzhou Han Minghao Xia Guodong Zhang Jianhang Qi Yongming Ma Kai Chen Yiran Tao Xinhui Lu Anyi Mei Hongwei Han 《Liver Transplantation》2024,14(8):2303988
Popular solution-processed approaches for producing the active layer of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) generally have to make compromise between crystallinity and compactness by inducing a rapid crystallization process with explosive nucleation and limited growth via removing solvent quickly. Here, a practical growth-dominated in-plane directional crystallization technique (IPDC) with a deeply retarded crystallization process for the scalable preparation of PSCs are reported. During the low-temperature annealing, a tiny chamber with a small height is built atop the wet perovskite precursor film to restrain the vertical diffusion and removal of solvent vapor. The chamber eliminates the vertical solvent vapor gradient and induce a horizonal in-plane gradient of solvent vapor pressure (SVP) toward the preset exhaust port which allows the slow escape of solvent vapor to outer space. In this way, nucleation is induced preferentially near the port and the as-formed heterogeneous nuclei then grow continuously and directionally. With IPDC, sufficient filling of perovskite with high crystallinity and obvious growth orientation is realized in non-ordered mesoporous scaffolds. An encouraging power conversion efficiency of 19.35% and 16.53% is achieved respectively for the 0.1 and 52.3-cm2 printable mesoscopic hole-conductor-free PSCs with carbon electrodes. 相似文献
73.
Chunyan Deng Lina Tan Jihuai Wu Yuqian Yang Yitian Du Qi Chen Xia Chen Liuxue Sun Fuda Yu Weihai Sun Peng Gao Zhang Lan 《Liver Transplantation》2024,14(10):2303387
The efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is hindered by substantial defects within the grain boundaries (GBs) of polycrystalline perovskite films. Conventional post-treatment strategies struggle to precisely repair these defects at GBs. Here, a targeted grain boundary passivation strategy through solvent effects by incorporating symmetrical biphenyl molecules is proposed, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) and 4,4′-sulfodiphenol (SDP), aiming to mitigate defects at GBs and optimize energy level arrangements through their electric dipole effects. Compared to the pristine device, the SDP-modified device exhibits significant improvements, including a champion efficiency of 24.39% and an impressive fill factor, along with excellent operation stability. This work provides an effective and straightforward solution for improving the performance of PSCs. 相似文献
74.
Keqing Huang Lichun Chang Yihui Hou Wenzhong Ji Thành Trần-Phú Anh Dinh Bui Azul Osorio Mayon Wei Wang Olivier Lee Cheong Lem Dang-Thuan Nguyen Grace Dansoa Tabi Leiping Duan Yun Liu Heping Shen Junliang Yang Thomas P. White Kylie R. Catchpole Klaus J. Weber The Duong 《Liver Transplantation》2024,14(17):2304073
Due to the limited interface contact and weak interfacial interaction, planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have space for further improvement. Herein, a structural and chemical crosslinking interface is proposed and constructed by introducing an extra layer, which blends tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles with chloride salts. Since the incorporated materials can be dissolved during the fabrication of perovskite, the quality of perovskite films is improved, leading to larger grain size and reduced trap-state density. Also, more chloride ions at the SnO2/perovskite interface are observed and the interaction between Cl− and Sn4+ is confirmed. It results in more pronounced n-type SnO2 with better conductivity and deeper conduction bands, leading to preferable energy level alignment between SnO2 and perovskite. Consequently, the open-circuit voltage and fill factor of the devices increase, and target cells present better stability, retaining 98% of initial efficiencies after >10 000 h storage in dry air (≈5% relative humidity) and maintaining 85.50% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h of operation under light. This strategy enables the achievement of 25.28% efficiency with a low bandgap (1.53 eV) perovskite composition, and it is confirmed to be universal when other related materials are utilized. 相似文献
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Jingtao Huang Yi-Lin Hu Jin-Zhou Liu Hai-Chi Zhang Qiu-E Cao Rong Sheng Li Jian Ling 《Luminescence》2024,39(1):e4615
By using the method of low-temperature crystallization, CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) coated with trifluoroacetyl lysine (Tfa-Lys) and oleamine (Olam) were synthesized in aqueous solution. The structure of the CsPbBr3 PNCs was characterized by many methods, such as ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorption spectrophotometer, fluorescence spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. The fluorescence emission of the CsPbBr3 PNCs is stable in water for about 1 day at room temperature. It was also found that the fluorescence of the PNCs could be obviously and selectively quenched after the addition of mercury ion (Hg2+), allowing a visual detection of Hg2+ by the naked eye under UV light illumination. The fluorescence quenching rate (I0/I) has a good linear relationship with the addition of Hg2+ in the concentration range 0.075 to 1.5 mg/L, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.997, and limit of detection of 0.046 mg/L. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of the PNCs was determined by the fluorescence lifetime and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the PNCs. Overall, the synthesis method for CsPbBr3 PNCs is simple and rapid, and the as-prepared PNCs are stable in water that could be conveniently used for selective detection of Hg2+ in the water environment. 相似文献
78.
Muhibullah Al Mubarok Yuri Choi Rashmi Mehrotra Yu Jin Kim Rama Krishna Boddu Inhui Lee Jiyeong Kim Prof. Sang Kyu Kwak Prof. Ji-Wook Jang Prof. Jungki Ryu Prof. Sung-Yeon Jang 《Liver Transplantation》2024,14(3):2302555
Tin–lead halide perovskites (TLHPs) are promising photoactive materials for photovoltaics (PVs) due to reduced toxicity and broad light absorption. However, their inherent ionic vacancies facilitate inward metal diffusion, accelerating device degradation. Here, efficient, stable TLHP-based PV and photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices are reported containing a chemically protective cathode interlayer—amine-functionalized perylene diimide (PDINN). Solution-processed PDINN effectively extract electrons and suppress inward-metal diffusion by forming tridentate metal complexes with its nucleophilic sites. The PV device achieved an efficiency of 23.21% (>81% retention after 750 h at 60 °C and >90% retention after 3100 h at 23 ± 4 °C), and the first demonstration of TLHP-based PEC devices exhibit a record-high bias-free solar hydrogen production rate (33.0 mA cm−2; ≈3.42 × 10−6 kg s−1 m−2) when coupled with biomass oxidation, which is ≈1.7-fold higher than the ultimate target set by the U.S. Department of Energy for one-sun hydrogen production. These findings demonstrate the potential of TLHPs for efficient, stable photoconversion by the molecular design of the cathode interlayer. 相似文献
79.
Stable Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Low‐Temperature‐Processed Hole‐Transport Bilayer
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Zhongmin Zhou Xing Li Molang Cai Fengxian Xie Yongzhen Wu Zhang Lan Xudong Yang Yinghuai Qiang Ashraful Islam Liyuan Han 《Liver Transplantation》2017,7(22)
Low‐temperature‐processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which can be fabricated on rigid or flexible substrates, are attracting increasing attention because they have a wide range of potential applications. In this study, the stability of reduced graphene oxide and the ability of a poly(triarylamine) underlayer to improve the quality of overlying perovskite films to construct hole‐transport bilayer by means of a low‐temperature method are taken advantage of. The bilayer is used in both flexible and rigid inverted planar PSCs with the following configuration: substrate/indium tin oxide/reduced graphene oxide/polytriarylamine/CH3NH3PbI3/PCBM/bathocuproine/Ag (PCBM = [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester). The flexible and rigid PSCs show power conversion efficiencies of 15.7 and 17.2%, respectively, for the aperture area of 1.02 cm2. Moreover, the PSC based the bilayer shows outstanding light‐soaking stability, retaining ≈90% of its original efficiency after continuous illumination for 500 h at 100 mW cm?2. 相似文献
80.
Azhar Fakharuddin Lukas Schmidt‐Mende Germà Garcia‐Belmonte Rajan Jose Ivan Mora‐Sero 《Liver Transplantation》2017,7(22)
Rapid improvement in photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of solution processable organometallic hybrid halide based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have taken the photovoltaic (PV) community with a surprise and has extended their application in other electronic devices such as light emitting diodes, photo detectors and batteries. Together with efforts to push the PCE of PSCs to record values >22% – now at par with that of crystalline silicon solar cells – origin of their PV action and underlying physical processes are also deeply investigated worldwide in diverse device configurations. A typical PSC consists of a perovskite film sandwiched between an electron and a hole selective contact thereby creating ESC/perovskite and perovskite/HSC interfaces, respectively. The selective contacts and their interfaces determine properties of perovskite layer and also control the performance, origin of PV action, open circuit voltage, device stability, and hysteresis in PSCs. Herein, we define ideal charge selective contacts, and provide an overview on how the choice of interfacing materials impacts charge accumulation, transport, transfer/recombination, band‐alignment, and electrical stability in PSCs. We then discuss device related considerations such as morphology of the selective contacts (planar or mesoporous), energetics and electrical properties (insulating and conducting), and its chemical properties (organic vs inorganic). Finally, the outlook highlights key challenges and future directions for a commercially viable perovskite based PV technology. 相似文献