Répartiteur de dose des médicaments radiopharmaceutiques : contrôle qualité sur deux sites hospitaliers et comparaison avec la législation en vigueur en France

An increasing number of nuclear medicine departments are equipped with automated measurement systems for the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals, with the main aim of minimising technician's irradiation. However, the automatic measurement of the patient activity differs from the manual measurement in material and method. In this context, the objective of the present study was to test the performances of one of these systems, the Unidose by TRASIS^®, in two newly equipped hospitals. The particularity of these systems is they are made up of two dose calibrators: the entrance calibrator (well chamber) and the exit calibrator (probe). Controls were performed on both of these dose calibrators. The results obtained, as well as the methodology employed, were then compared with the regulatory requirements in France. The results found are coherent between the two sites and have highlighted several non-conformities compared to the current regulations, part of which concerning the carpule dose calibrator, which is actually a probe. These results raise the question of a suitable regulation for the new automated measurement systems in nuclear medicine.     

A Cgmparative Study on Morphology and ATPase Activities of Maize Hybrid and Its Parents During Early Embryogeny

We observed tissue sections of single hybrid of maize 328 and its parents during early embryogeny, determining ATP ase activities and observing plant features. The results obtained show that maize embryogeny can be divided into three periods, that is, 1) The period of 3–7 days after pollination is known as an original embryonic period. 2) The period of 9–20 days after pollination is known as the period of undergoing rapid differentiation of all the tissue organs. 3) The period of 25–45 days is known as the period of further differentiation, perfection and elongation of organal system. The size of volume of hybrid embryo is between its parents during the second period. That of the hybrid embryo during other two periods is larger than that of its parents. Hybrid embryo always shows that the number of its cells is more, its cells are closer together, the colour of the stained cells is darker, the cells differentiate clearly, the time that embryonic organs differentiates lasts longer. The results of determinig ATP ase activities it may be seen that during 1–2 days after pollination ATP ase activities in hybrid ovaries are obviously higher than in its parents’ ovaries. On the third day after pollination ATP ase activities in hybrid ovaries once go down. After that ATP ase activities go up again. During 15–45 days ATP ase activities in hybrid embryo (unincloding endosperm) are all higher than those in its parents. Hybrid 328 has advantage over its parents in yielding capacity, plant height, spike length, number of seeds per spike, 1000 seed weight. The results show close correlation and supplement among cell differentiation ability, ATP ase activities and plant features.     

Adaptation to bipedal gait and fifth metatarsal structural properties in Australopithecus,Paranthropus, and Homo

Humans, unlike African apes, have relatively robust fifth metatarsals (Mt5) presumably reflecting substantial weight-bearing and stability function in the lateral column of the former. When this morphological difference emerged during hominin evolution is debated. Here we investigate internal diaphyseal structure of Mt5s attributed to Australopithecus (from Sterkfontein), Paranthropus (from Swartkrans), and Homo (from Olduvai, Dmanisi, and Dinaledi) placed in the context of human and African ape Mt5 internal diaphyseal structure. ‘Whole-shaft’ properties were evaluated from 17 cross sections sampling 25% to 75% diaphyseal length using computed tomography. To assess structural patterns, scaled cortical bone thicknesses (sCBT) and scaled second moments of area (sSMA) were visualized and evaluated through penalized discriminant analyses. While the majority of fossil hominin Mt5s exhibited ape-like sCBT, their sSMA were comparatively more human-like. Human-like functional loading of the lateral column existed in at least some fossil hominins, although perhaps surprisingly not in hominins from Dmanisi or Dinaledi.     

Dorsal rib histology of dinosaurs and a crocodylomorph from western Portugal: Skeletochronological implications on age determination and life history traits

Bone histology is an important tool for uncovering life history traits of extinct animals, particularly those that lack modern analogs, such as the non-avian dinosaurs. In most studies, histological analyses preferentially focus on long bones for understanding growth rates and determining age. Here we show, by analyzing ornithischians (a stegosaur and an ornithopod), saurischians (a sauropod and a theropod), and a crocodile, rib histology is a suitable alternative. The estimated age for all sampled taxa ranges between 14 to 17 years for Lourinhanosaurus antunesi and 27 to 31 years estimated for Draconyx loureiroi. The theropod Baryonyx was skeletally mature around 23–25 years of age but showed unfused neurocentral sutures, a paedomorphic feature possibly related to aquatic locomotion. Our results show that ribs can contain a nearly complete growth record, and reveal important information about individual age, point of sexual maturity, and, in some cases, sex. Because ribs are more available than long bones, this method opens new possibilities for studying rare and incomplete fossils, including holotypes.     

桂枝茯苓丸联合妇乐片对子宫内膜异位症的临床疗效

目的:探讨桂枝茯苓丸联合妇乐片对子宫内膜异位症患者血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)、血清脂质结合唾液酸(LSA)及临床疗效的影响。方法:选取我院确诊并治疗的子宫内膜异位症患者68例,按随机数字表法进行分组,每组34例。对照组患者予以妇乐片口服治疗;研究组患者在对照组用药基础上予以桂枝茯苓丸联合治疗,所有患者连续服药6个月。观察两组患者治疗前后血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)、血清LSA、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平的变化情况、临床疗效及不良反应发生率。结果:研究组治疗后临床有效率91.18%,高于对照组治疗后临床有效率70.59%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,研究组治疗后血清AFP、LSA、TNF-α、VEGF水平降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);对照组不良反应发生率为8.24%,研究组不良反应发生率为5.88%,两组间不良反应发生率无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采用桂枝茯苓丸联合妇乐片治疗子宫内膜异位症,能有效提高患者的临床疗效,推测其机制与降低血清AFP、LSA、TNF-α、VEGF水平有关。     

Die vielen Seiten des Sulfids. Tödlich und doch lebensnotwendig

Hydrogen sulfide is highly toxic, but nevertheless it has several physiological functions. Animals from sulfide containing habitats are able to protect themselves from sulfide poisoning and furthermore use this reduced sulfur compound for ATP production. Life at the deep‐sea hydrothermal vents entirely depends on the oxidation of inorganic substrates, mainly sulfide. In humans sulfide acts as a gaseous signalling molecule. It is produced in many tissues and takes part in a number of important metabolic processes such as the regulation of blood pressure and insulin secretion. Several severe diseases are caused by dysfunctions in sulfur metabolism. Thus, a detailed knowledge of the reactions and effects of hydrogen sulfide is of considerable clinical relevance.     

Genetic analysis of four Île Amsterdam Sphagna: high morphological divergence within Sphagnum subgenus Subsecunda

This study uses microsatellites (SSRs) and nucleotide sequences to explore unresolved questions associated with four of the six Sphagnum species reported for Île Amsterdam: Sphagnum cavernulosum of unknown subgenus, S. complanatum and S. islei of subg. Subsecunda, and plants that initial morphological study placed in subg. Cuspidata. Genetic analyses show that all four species belong to subgenus Subsecunda and that none are allopolyploids. The plants initially placed in subg. Cuspidata are shown to belong to the ‘S. africanum’ clade of subg. Subsecunda and are closest to the African S. truncatum based on morphology. Sphagnum cavernulosum, S. complanatum, and S. islei are part of the Afro-Australasian clade of subg. Subsecunda, with S. complanatum and S. islei being closely associated with the African ‘S. capense’ complex and S. cavernulosum, which is morphologically divergent from all extant subgenera in the genus, being an outlier within this clade. Preliminary genetic analyses show S. islei to be closely related to S. complanatum and that they may represent two morphologically divergent genets of one species. The ancestral origins for the Île Amsterdam populations of S. complanatum, S. islei, and S. cf. truncatum are each ultimately based in Africa. Further study is required to determine the ecological and evolutionary significance, if any, provided by the pronounced morphological variation within species and the high morphological divergence among species in subg. Subsecunda. Finally, a prior report of S. recurvum (subg. Cuspidata) possibly occurring on Île Amsterdam is concluded to have been based on laboratory error.     

Mechanisms of efflux of a substrate accumulated by the lactose permease of Escherichia coli: theoretical and experimental study

At the steady-state of accumulation of intracellular lactose by the beta-galactoside permease of Escherichia coli, the rate of efflux of the substrate is equal to its rate of influx. An original experimental method and a mathematical processing of the experimental data are proposed to evaluate the relative involvements of the permease-mediated pathway and of the diffusion component in this efflux. The method consists of inducing the lac operon of the bacteria, and then of removing the inducer and allowing the cells to grow further. The permease content and the membrane surface of diffusion are thus varying independently in such a "de-induction" experiment, along which lactose uptake has been monitored at different times. The analysis of the experimental data show that, under conditions of maximal induction, over 95% of the efflux passes through the energized permease. The relevant parameters of the efflux of lactose have been computed and their values allow the prediction of most classical observations, as well as the prediction, never checked, that under physiological conditions, the higher the external substrate concentration, the higher the permease-mediated efflux, according to a saturation kinetics.     

干旱对玉米叶绿体Mg~(++)-ATP酶活力的影响

-3巴PEG-Hoagland渗透溶液处理玉米幼苗时,叶片水势、叶片相对含水量和叶绿体蛋白质含量都明显低于对照,叶绿体Mg~(++)-ATP酶活力也低于对照,复水后Mg~(++)-ATP酶活力恢复到对照水平,复水时用环己亚胺处理后,叶绿体Mg~(++)-ATP酶活力受抑不能恢复到对照水平,说明-3巴渗透溶液处理时Mg~(++)-ATP酶活力的降低和复水后酶活力的恢复与蛋白质合成有关。-11巴PEG-Hoagland渗透溶液处理幼苗时,叶片水势、叶片相对含水量和叶绿体蛋白质含量显著地低于对照,但是叶绿体Mg~(++)-ATP酶活力明显地高于对照,复水后Mg~(++)-ATP酶活力不能恢复到对照水平,复水时用环己亚胺处理后,叶绿体Mg~(++)-ATP酶活力不为环己亚胺所抑制,仍显著地高于对照,说明-11巴渗透溶液处理时叶绿体Mg~(++)-ATP酶活力的加强和复水后酶活力不可逆转与蛋白质合成无关。