The antioxidant and peroxidase activities of saliva in patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases and possibility of their correction

The antioxidant and peroxidase activities of mixed saliva have been investigated during test loads in control group and patients with caries and combination of caries with inflammatory periodontal diseases. Antioxidant activity of saliva was significantly decreased in the last two groups and so its was corrected by means of xidiphone.     

Oral Candida colonization in patients with chronic periodontitis. Is there any relationship?

Background

Candida can be implicated in the pathology of chronic periodontitis.

慢性牙周炎对牙种植修复的疗效影响

目的:分析慢性牙周对种植义齿修复疗效的影响。方法:选择2013年7月至2015年6月在宝鸡市中医医院接受牙种植修复治疗的慢性牙周炎患者52例(70枚)作为观察组及同期接受牙种植的牙周健康患者49例(69枚),作为对照组。观察分析两组患者种植修复1、3、6、12个月的边缘骨吸收量(MBL)、改良菌斑指数(m PLI)、改良龈沟出血指数(m SBI)、探测深度(PD)以及种植体龈沟液IL-1、IL-6水平的变化情况。结果:种植1年后,对照组的种植成功率为97.10%(67/69),观察组的种植成功率为91.42%(64/70),两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。种植1个月及3个月后,两组的m PLI、m SBI、PD以及MBL比较无明显差异(P0.05);种植6个月后,观察组的m SBI、PD以及MBL显著高于对照组(P0.05),m PLI仍无明显变化。此外,种植1个月、3个月时,对照组的IL-1β未检出;6个月后,观察组的IL-1β显著高于对照组(P0.05);种植3个月后,观察组的IL-6显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:慢性牙周炎可降低牙种植修复治疗的疗效,可能与种植体周围炎的发生有关。     

Effect of inorganic polyphosphate in periodontitis in the elderly

Aim: Inorganic polyphosphate exists as chains of phosphate molecules and is distributed in osteoblasts, and regulates osteoblastic cell differentiation and bone matrix calcification. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of inorganic polyphosphate on periodontitis. Material and methods: Subgingival local irrigation with inorganic polyphosphate was studied in a randomised double‐blind study of 33 patients with periodontitis. Scaling and root planing were performed 1 week after the initial examination. Results: No significant differences between the inorganic polyphosphate group and control were detected in each item except IL‐1β. Patients in whom both the bleeding on probing and gingival index at 1 week had improved were significantly older in the inorganic polyphosphate group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Bone regeneration was seen in one case of the inorganic polyphosphate group. Conclusions: Inorganic polyphosphate was useful in the treatment of periodontitis in the elderly, indicating a probable effect of anti‐ageing, with similar bone regenerations occurring in both groups.     

Enumeration of viable Enterococcus faecalis, a predominant apical periodontitis pathogen, using propidium monoazide and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction

To discriminate between viable and non-viable Enterococcus faecalis, the predominant pathogen in apical periodontitis, a real-time PCR method combined with propidium monoazide (PMA) was developed and evaluated. PMA had no antimicrobial effect on E. faecalis cells and permitted enumeration of both viable and non-viable cells. Therefore, E. faecalis cells from the root canals of nine patients with apical periodontitis were analyzed to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of this approach. Viable and non-viable E. faecalis cells were successfully discriminated in these clinical specimens. A real-time PCR assay combined with PMA will contribute to the precise diagnosis of apical periodontitis.     

Cloning and characterization of heavy and light chain genes encoding the FimA-specific monoclonal antibodies that inhibit Porphyromonas gingivalis adhesion

FimA of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen in periodontitis, is known to be closely related to the virulence of these bacteria and has been suggested as a candidate for development of a vaccine against periodontal disease. In order to develop a passive immunization method for inhibiting the establishment of periodontal disease, B hybridoma clones 123-123-10 and 256-265-9, which produce monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) specific to purified fimbriae, were established. Both mAbs reacted with the conformational epitopes displayed by partially dissociated oligomers of FimA, but not with the 43 kDa FimA monomer. Gene sequence analyses of full-length cDNAs encoding heavy and light chain immunoglobulins enabled classification of the genes of mAb 123-123-10 as members of the mVh II (A) and mVκ I subgroups, and those of mAb 256-265-9 as members of the mVh III (D) and mVκ I subgroups. More importantly, 50 ng/mL of antibodies purified from the culture supernatant of antibody gene-transfected CHO cells inhibited, by approximately 50%, binding of P. gingivalis to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite bead surfaces. It is expected that these mAbs could be used as a basis for passive immunization against P. gingivalis-mediated periodontitis.     

Interleukin-1 superfamily member,interleukin-33, in periodontal diseases

Interleukin (IL) -33 is a nuclear protein that is released from damaged cells and acts as an alarmin. We investigated the expression of IL-33 in human gingival fibroblasts after stimulation by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Human periodontal tissue samples were collected and fixed in phosphate-buffered 4% formalin in saline and processed to paraffin blocks. TNF-α was immunostained in samples of ten periodontitis patients and ten controls. Human gingival fibroblasts were isolated using an explant culture technique. The influence of TNF-α on IL-33 in gingival fibroblasts was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The number of TNF-α positive cells was significantly greater in periodontitis samples than in controls. TNF-α was located mainly in macrophage- and fibroblast-like cells, vascular endothelial cells and epithelial cells. Analysis of IL-33 expression in cell culture lysates showed that TNF-α induced IL-33 in cultured gingival fibroblasts. Periodontitis samples are characterized by Th2 cell dominance, which has been linked to anti-inflammatory responses and periodontal repair. TNF-α-induced IL-33 may link inflammation directly to the IL-33-dependent stimulation of Th2 cytokine producing cells and participate in the induction of lymphocytes, which results in protective, anti-inflammatory and reparative responses.