The antioxidant and peroxidase activities of saliva in patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases and possibility of their correction

The antioxidant and peroxidase activities of mixed saliva have been investigated during test loads in control group and patients with caries and combination of caries with inflammatory periodontal diseases. Antioxidant activity of saliva was significantly decreased in the last two groups and so its was corrected by means of xidiphone.     

Oral Candida colonization in patients with chronic periodontitis. Is there any relationship?

Background

Candida can be implicated in the pathology of chronic periodontitis.

Maladaptive innate immune training of myelopoiesis links inflammatory comorbidities

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盐酸米诺环素软膏辅助龈下刮治术及根面平整术对慢性牙周炎患者龈下牙周致病菌和龈沟液炎性因子的影响

目的:探讨盐酸米诺环素软膏辅助龈下刮治术及根面平整术(FM-SRP)对慢性牙周炎(CP)患者龈下牙周致病菌和龈沟液炎性因子的影响。方法:选择2015年10月到2019年10月期间我院收治的82例CP患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组(n=41)和观察组(n=41),对照组给予FM-SRP,观察组在对照组基础上联合盐酸米诺环素软膏辅助治疗,比较两组疗效、牙周指标、龈下牙周致病菌和龈沟液炎性因子情况,统计两组不良反应情况。结果:与对照组总有效率70.73%(29/41)相比,观察组治疗后的总有效率90.24%(37/41)更高(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组龈沟出血指数(SBI)、附着水平(AL)、菌斑指数(PLI)、牙周袋深度(PD)均下降,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)均下降,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。对比两组不良反应无差异(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组伴防线杆菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌比例均下降,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:盐酸米诺环素软膏辅助FM-SRP治疗CP患者,可有效消除致病菌,缓解炎性反应,恢复牙周生态平衡,且不增加不良反应发生率,疗效确切。     

慢性牙周炎患者血清CGRP、PGE2、CCL20与牙周临床指标和Th17/Treg失衡的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探究慢性牙周炎患者血清降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）、前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）、CC趋化因子配体20（CCL20）与牙周临床指标和辅助性T淋巴细胞17/调节性T淋巴细胞（Th17/Treg）失衡的相关性。方法：选取2020年5月-2022年5月海南省妇女儿童医学中心收治的91例慢性牙周炎患者,根据其严重程度分为轻度组（39例）、中度组（36例）、重度组（16例）,比较三组血清CGRP、PGE₂、CCL20、牙周临床指标[出血指数（BI）、探诊深度（PD）、附着丧失（AL）、菌斑指数（PLI）]、外周血Th17细胞比例、Treg细胞比例、Th17/Treg比值,采用Pearson相关分析血清CGRP、PGE₂、CCL20与牙周临床指标和Th17/Treg失衡的相关性。结果：与轻度组比较,中度组、重度组血清CGRP、Treg细胞比例显著降低（P＜0.05）,血清PGE₂、CCL20、BI、PD、PLI、AL、Th17细胞比例、Th17/Treg比值显著增高（P＜0.05）;与中度组比较,重度组血清CGRP、Treg细胞比例显著降低（P＜0.05）,血清PGE₂、CCL20、BI、PD、PLI、AL、Th17细胞比例、Th17/Treg比值显著增高（P＜0.05）。相关性结果提示,血清PGE₂、CCL20水平与BI、PD、PLI、AL、Th17细胞比例、Th17/Treg比值呈正相关（P＜0.05）,与Treg细胞比例呈负相关（P＜0.05）;血清CGRP水平与BI、PD、PLI、AL、Th17细胞比例、Th17/Treg比值呈负相关（P＜0.05）,与Treg细胞比例呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：慢性牙周炎患者血清CGRP、PGE₂、CCL20水平与疾病严重程度、牙周临床指标及Th17/Treg失衡显著相关,血清CGRP、PGE₂、CCL20可能通过影响Th17/Treg平衡参与慢性牙周炎的发生和发展。     

2型糖尿病伴慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液Omentin-1、MMP-9、OPG/RANKL比值与牙周指标、氧化应激和NLRP3炎症小体的关系

摘要 目的：探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）伴慢性牙周炎（CP）患者龈沟液网膜素-1（Omentin-1）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）、骨保护素（OPG）/细胞核因子κB受体活化因子配体（RANKL）比值与牙周指标、氧化应激和核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3（NLRP3）炎症小体的关系。方法：选择2020年6月至2022年6月首都医科大学附属北京康复医院收治的73例T2DM患者（T2DM组）,77例CP患者（CP组）,83例T2DM伴CP患者（T2DM伴CP组）。检测所有患者龈沟液中Omentin-1、MMP-9、OPG/RANKL比值,分析其与牙周指标、氧化应激和NLRP3炎症小体相关分子信使核糖核酸（mRNA）表达的相关性。结果：T2DM伴CP组龈沟液中Omentin-1,OPG/RANKL比值、总抗氧化能力（TAC）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）低于T2DM组和CP组（P＜0.05）,MMP-9、丙二醛（MDA）、NLRP3mRNA、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白（ASC）mRNA、半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1（caspase-1）mRNA表达以及出血指数（SBI）、菌斑指数（PLI）、牙周袋探诊深度（PD）、附着丧失（AL）高于T2DM组和CP组（P＜0.05）。T2DM伴CP患者龈沟液中Omentin-1、OPG/RANKL比值与TAC、SOD呈正相关（P＜0.05）,与MDA、NLRP3mRNA、ASC mRNA、caspase-1mRNA表达以及PLI、SBI、AL、PD呈负相关（P＜0.05）,MMP-9与TAC、SOD呈负相关（P＜0.05）,与MDA、NLRP3mRNA、ASC mRNA、caspase-1mRNA表达以及PLI、SBI、AL、PD呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：T2DM伴CP患者龈沟液中Omentin-1水平、OPG/ RANKL比值降低,MMP-9水平升高,与牙周组织破坏加重、氧化应激、NLRP3炎症小体激活有关。     

Effects of smoking severity and moderate and severe periodontitis on serum C-reactive protein levels: an age- and gender-matched retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Background and purpose: C-reactive protein (CRP) which might affect cardiovascular events can be affected by chronic diseases and smoking. Since the effects of smoking dosage as well as the mutual effect of smoking and periodontitis on CRP levels have not been evaluated, we aimed to assess these.

Materials and methods: This retrospective age- and gender-matched study was performed on 120 dental patients. Clinical attachment loss, pocket probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BoP), O’Leary plaque index and serum CRP were recorded. Patients were divided into one control and five cohort groups (n?=?20 each) according to smoking severity [pack years (PY) below or above 30] and periodontal condition (healthy periodontium and moderate/severe periodontitis). The effects of clinical measurements, age, gender, smoking and periodontitis on CRP were assessed using one- and two-way analyses of variance, Tukey and Bonferroni post hoc tests, and multiple linear regression (α?=?0.05).

Results: CRP concentrations were 0.07255?±?0.009539, 0.09645?±?0.010625, 0.122235?±?0.018442, 0.3758?±?0.187369, 0.81595?±?0.0410299 and 1.8717?±?0.652728?mg/l, respectively, in the control (PY?≤?30 with healthy periodontium), cohort 1 (PY?>?30 with healthy periodontium), cohort 2 (PY?≤?30 with moderate periodontitis), cohort 3 (PY?>?30 with moderate periodontitis), cohort 4 (PY?≤?30 with severe periodontitis) and cohort 5 (PY?>?30 with severe periodontitis). The positive effects of age, smoking severity, periodontitis and PPD, on CRP increase were significant (Regression p?<?0.02). BoP had a negative effect (p?=?0.015).

Conclusions: Clinicians should warn the patients, especially the older ones, about the effects of their gingival health and smoking on their cardiovascular condition.     

Enumeration of viable Enterococcus faecalis, a predominant apical periodontitis pathogen, using propidium monoazide and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction

To discriminate between viable and non-viable Enterococcus faecalis, the predominant pathogen in apical periodontitis, a real-time PCR method combined with propidium monoazide (PMA) was developed and evaluated. PMA had no antimicrobial effect on E. faecalis cells and permitted enumeration of both viable and non-viable cells. Therefore, E. faecalis cells from the root canals of nine patients with apical periodontitis were analyzed to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of this approach. Viable and non-viable E. faecalis cells were successfully discriminated in these clinical specimens. A real-time PCR assay combined with PMA will contribute to the precise diagnosis of apical periodontitis.     

Genotype variation and capsular serotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis from chronic periodontitis and periodontal abscesses

Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered an important pathogen in periodontal disease. While this organism expresses a number of virulence factors, no study combining different virulence polymorphisms has, so far, been conducted. The occurrence of combined virulence (Cv) genotypes in 62 isolates of P. gingivalis was investigated from subjects displaying either chronic periodontitis or periodontal abscess. The Cv genotypes, based on gene variation of fimbriae (fimA), Lys-specific cystein proteinase (kgp) and Arg-specific cystein proteinase (prpR1/rgpA), were evaluated by PCR. The isolates were also subjected to capsular polysaccharide K-serotyping. A total of 18 Cv genotype variants based on fimA: kgp: rgpA were identified, of which II:I:A and II:II:A Cv genotypes (53.3%) were the two most frequently detected combinations. Moreover, 36% of the isolates were K-typeable, with the K6 serotype being the most prevalent (23%). Two isolates had the same genotype as the virulent strain W83. The results indicate that chronic periodontitis is not associated with a particularly virulent clonal type. A highly virulent genotype (e.g. strain W83) of P. gingivalis can be found in certain periodontitis patients.