Phylogeny and biogeography of highly diverged freshwater fish species (Leuciscinae,Cyprinidae, Teleostei) inferred from mitochondrial genome analysis

The distribution of freshwater taxa is a good biogeographic model to study pattern and process of vicariance and dispersal. The subfamily Leuciscinae (Cyprinidae, Teleostei) consists of many species distributed widely in Eurasia and North America. Leuciscinae have been divided into two phyletic groups, leuciscin and phoxinin. The phylogenetic relationships between major clades within the subfamily are poorly understood, largely because of the overwhelming diversity of the group. The origin of the Far Eastern phoxinin is an interesting question regarding the evolutionary history of Leuciscinae. Here we present phylogenetic analysis of 31 species of Leuciscinae and outgroups based on complete mitochondrial genome sequences to clarify the phylogenetic relationships and to infer the evolutionary history of the subfamily.     

Methodology for a comparative evaluation of sensitivity to fouling and cleanability of floor materials used in the food industry

Samples of floor materials used at present in different types of food plants were studied for their sensitivity to fouling and for their cleaning properties. A cleaning procedure close to that used in industry was carried out on seven different floor samples fouled with six industrial soils (e.g. green salad soil, reconstituted milk, and meat) and inoculated with spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis as tracer. Sensitivity to fouling and the cleanability of the different floor materials were measured, and the results showed a significant difference between them. These differences were dependent upon the type of soil. Sensitivity to fouling and cleanability were not correlated with their slipping resistance characteristics.     

Computational techniques for using insole pressure sensors to analyse three-dimensional joint kinetics

This study evaluated the feasibility of using insole pressure sensors together with whole body dynamics to analyse joint kinetics while running. Local affine transformations of shoe kinematics were first used to track the position of insole sensors during locomotion. Centre of pressure estimates derived from the insoles were within 10 mm of forceplate measures through much of stance, while vertical force estimates were within 15% of peak forceplate recordings. Insole data were then coupled with a least squares whole body dynamic model to obtain shear force estimates that were comparable to forceplate records during running. We demonstrated that these techniques provide a viable approach for analysing joint kinetics when running on uninstrumented surfaces.     

城市住区绿化生态效益及其可控影响因素的量化分析

基于杭州城西2007年1 m×1 m高分辨率航空遥感图像和夏季30 m×30 m LandsatTM数据,应用GIS和遥感图像解译方法定量计算了代表杭州城西30个典型城市住区总体生态效益的归一化植被指数(NDVI),以及各样本住区6个可控生态效益的影响指标(复层结构高度、软硬比、绿化覆盖率、容积率、绿地面积、建筑密度),并采用多元线性回归和对应分析方法得出6个影响因素对绿化生态效益的贡献度排序,以及提升住区生态效益的措施,分析了城市住区生态效益与典型可控影响因素间的定量关系.结果表明:各影响因素对城市住区生态效益贡献度依次为复层结构高度＞软硬比＞绿化覆盖率＞容积率＞绿地面积＞建筑密度;复层结构高度的贡献率远超过其他因素,建筑密度对住区生态效益的影响极微弱.利用对应分析法所得的各影响因素改进二维图,可方便地用来制定提升住区绿化生态效益的决策方案.     

宫炎康胶囊联合头孢他啶对慢性盆腔炎患者血清炎症因子、血液流变学及生存质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨宫炎康胶囊联合头孢他啶对慢性盆腔炎患者血清炎症因子、血液流变学及生存质量的影响。方法：选取2018年3月~2020年7月期间我院收治的慢性盆腔炎患者98例,根据信封抽签法将患者分为对照组和观察组,两组各为49例。对照组给予头孢他啶治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合宫炎康胶囊治疗,均连续治疗2周。对比两组疗效、临床症状消失时间、血清炎症因子、血液流变学、生存质量及不良反应。结果：观察组的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组下腹疼痛、腰骶胀痛、带下异常消失时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗2周后,两组血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）水平均下降,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗2周后,两组高切全血比粘度、低切全血比粘度、血浆比粘度均下降,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗2周后,两组心理健康、生理健康、周围环境、社会关系评分均升高,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：头孢他啶与宫炎康胶囊联合治疗慢性盆腔炎,可缓解炎症反应,改善患者血液流变学及生存质量,安全有效。     

盆底超声参数预测剖宫产术后压力性尿失禁的效能及其与盆底组织E-cadherin和Vimentin表达的关系研究

摘要 目的：研究盆底超声参数预测剖宫产术后压力性尿失禁（SUI）的效能及其与盆底组织钙粘附蛋白E（E-cadherin）和波形蛋白（Vimentin）表达的关系。方法：选取2020年1月～2021年1月湖南省妇幼保健院收治的124例剖宫产患者。将其按照是否发生SUI分为SUI组18例以及无SUI组106例。对所有患者均进行盆底超声检查,比较两组静息期（R）、张力期Valsalva动作（V）的膀胱尿道后角（PUA）以及膀胱颈到耻骨联合下缘水平垂直距离（BNS）,膀胱颈移动度（BND）、尿道旋转角度（UR）。通过受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析盆底超声参数预测剖宫产术后SUI的效能。另外,对比两组盆底组织E-cadherin和Vimentin mRNA水平,采用Pearson相关性分析各项盆底超声参数和盆底组织E-cadherin、Vimentin mRNA表达的相关性。结果：SUI组R-PUA、V-PUA、BND以及UR均高于无SUI组,而R-BNS以及V-BNS均低于无SUI组（均P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果：各项盆底超声参数联合预测剖宫产术后SUI的效能均优于各项参数单独预测。SUI组盆底组织E-cadherin mRNA水平低于无SUI组,而Vimentin mRNA水平高于无SUI组（均P＜0.05）。经Pearson相关性分析发现,R-PUA、V-PUA、BND、UR均和盆底组织E-cadherin mRNA水平呈负相关关系,与Vimentin mRNA水平呈正相关关系;而R-BNS、V-BNS均和盆底组织E-cadherin mRNA水平呈正相关关系,与Vimentin mRNA水平呈负相关关系（均P＜0.05）。结论：盆底超声参数预测剖宫产术后SUI的效能较高,且和盆底组织E-cadherin、Vimentin表达有关。     

Effects of streams on lignin degradation during foliar litter decomposition in an alpine forest

AimsStreams are widely distributed in alpine forests, and litter decomposition in which is an important component of material cycling across the forest landscape. The leaching and fragmenting effects as well as the unique environmental factors in streams may have significant impacts on lignin degradation during litter decomposition, but studies on this are lacking.
Methods Using litterbag methods, we investigated the dynamics of lignin mass remaining and concentration (percent litter mass, %) during the decomposition of four foliar litters, which varied significantly in the initial litter chemical traits, from the dominant species of Salix paraplesia, Rhododendron lapponicum, Sabina saltuaria, and Larix mastersiana under different habitats (forest floor, stream, and riparian zone) in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River.
Important findings After two year’s incubation, litter lignin mass remaining for a specific litter species varied significantly (p < 0.05) among habitats, with an order of stream < riparian zone < forest floor. Lignin was degraded substantially in the early stage of litter decomposition process, and the lignin concentration first decreased and then increased with the proceeding of litter decomposition, but varied significantly (p < 0.05) among different litter species. Lignin mass showed a general trend of decrease across the 2-year decomposition course. In addition, habitat type, decomposition period and microenvironmental factors (e.g., temperature, pH value and nutrient availability) showed substantial influences on lignin degradation rate. These results suggest that the traditional view that lignin was relatively recalcitrant with an increase of concentration in the early stage of litter decomposition is challenged, but the loss of lignin in the early phrase is in line with recent findings about the fate of lignin during litter decomposition. Moreover, the significant differences of lignin degradation rates among different decomposition period and habitat types indicated that local-scale environmental factors can play a significant role in litter decomposition and lignin degradation processes.     

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity

Endometriosis is a common disease affecting 40 to 70% of reproductive-aged women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) and/or infertility. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the use of a blue dye (methylene blue) to stain peritoneal surfaces during laparoscopy (L/S) to detect the loss of peritoneal integrity in patients with pelvic pain and suspected endometriosis. Forty women with CPP and 5 women without pain were evaluated in this pilot study. During L/S, concentrated dye was sprayed onto peritoneal surfaces, then aspirated and rinsed with Lactated Ringers solution. Areas of localized dye uptake were evaluated for the presence of visible endometriotic lesions. Areas of intense peritoneal staining were resected and some fixed in 2.5% buffered gluteraldehyde and examined by scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. Blue dye uptake was more common in women with endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain than controls (85% vs. 40%). Resection of the blue stained areas revealed endometriosis by SEM and loss of peritoneal cell-cell contact compared to normal, non-staining peritoneum. Affected peritoneum was associated with visible endometriotic implants in most but not all patients. Subjective pain relief was reported in 80% of subjects. Based on scanning electron microscopy, we conclude that endometrial cells extend well beyond visible implants of endometriosis and appear to disrupt the underlying mesothelium. Subtle lesions of endometriosis could therefore cause pelvic pain by disruption of peritoneal integrity, allowing menstrual or ovulatory blood and associated pain factors access to underlying sensory nerves. Complete resection of affected peritoneum may provide a better long-term treatment for endometriosis and CPP. This simple technique appears to improve detection of subtle or near invisible endometriosis in women with CPP and minimal visual findings at L/S and may serve to elevate diagnostic accuracy for endometriosis at laparoscopy.     

活血通络汤治疗盆腔炎性疾病后遗症的临床疗效及对IL-6、IL-8的影响研究

目的 探讨活血通络汤加减治疗盆腔炎性疾病后遗症的疗效及对IL-6、IL-8的影响。方法 选取118例盆腔炎性疾病后遗症患者,将其随机分为对照组（59例）和观察组（59例）,两组均给予替硝唑氯化钠注射液,观察组在此基础上辨证使用活血通络汤,考察并比较两组患者的生活质量,血清中IL-6、IL-8,临床疗效及不良反应等。结果 经治疗后,观察组患者临床总有效率（93.2%）与对照组总有效率（74.6%）比较,差异有统计学意义（P0.05）。结论 活血通络汤加减用于治疗盆腔炎性疾病后遗症,可显著改善临床症状,提高生活质量及临床疗效,且安全性较好,具有较大的临床借鉴意义。     

青海地区产后6至8周产妇阴道微生态情况

目的 探究青海地区产后6至8周产妇阴道微生态的变化及其影响因素。 方法 选取2019年1月至6月在本院妇产科足月分娩的产妇665例,在产妇产后6至8周复查时进行阴道微生态检测,测定阴道pH值以及阴道致病菌,同时做盆底功能检测,记录产妇血性恶露干净时间和分娩方式等。 结果 产后6至8周产妇阴道炎感染率为33.98%,其中需氧菌阴道炎患者77例(11.58%),细菌性阴道病患者89例(13.38%),滴虫性阴道炎患者41例(6.17%),外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病患者19例(2.86%),共计226例。 结论 产后6至8周产妇阴道微生态失衡,pH值明显异常,以细菌性感染为主,产后微生态的失衡与盆底功能受损有关。