应用便携式数字化温控烫伤仪建立标准化大鼠皮肤烫伤模型

目的:研制一种新型便携式数字化温控烫伤仪,通过自制数字化烫伤仪对大鼠进行烫伤实验,建立标准化大鼠皮肤烫伤模型,从而验证数字化烫伤仪的有效及实用性。方法:选取18只SD大鼠分为对照组(3只,不烫伤);实验组(15只),再将实验组大鼠随机分配为A组(6只)、B组(6只)、C组(3只),选取大鼠背部作为烫伤实验部位:1、时间设定为20 s和30 s,烫伤仪温度分别设定为70℃、80℃、90℃、100℃、120℃,对A组和B组大鼠进行烫伤处理。2、温度设定为100℃,烫伤仪加热时间分别设定为10 s、15 s、25 s,对C组大鼠进行烫伤处理。烫伤后48 h切取实验组和对照组大鼠背部皮肤,进行大体及显微镜下组织病理学观察。结果:70℃20s烫伤点为I°烫伤;70℃30 s、80℃20 s、100℃10 s烫伤点为浅Ⅱ°烫伤;80℃30 s和100℃15 s烫伤点为深Ⅱ°烫伤;90℃20 s、90℃30 s、100℃20 s烫伤点为Ⅲ°烫伤;100℃25 s、100℃30 s、120℃20 s、120℃30 s烫伤点为IV°烫伤。结论:新型便携式数字化温控烫伤仪,可以可靠的建立标准化大鼠皮肤烫伤模型。     

Compressed sensing approach for wrist vein biometrics

The work describes features of the compressed sensing (CS) approach utilized for development of a wearable system for wrist vein recognition with single‐pixel detection; we consider this system useful for biometrics authentication purposes. The CS approach implies use of a spatial light modulation (SLM) which, in our case, can be performed differently—with a liquid crystal display or diffusely scattering medium. We show that compressed sensing combined with above‐mentioned means of SLM allows us to avoid using an optical system—a limiting factor for wearable devices. The trade‐off between the 2 different SLM approaches regarding issues of practical implementation of CS approach for wrist vein recognition purposes is discussed. A possible solution of a misalignment problem—a typical issue for imaging systems based upon 2D arrays of photodiodes—is also proposed. Proposed design of the wearable device for wrist vein recognition is based upon single‐pixel detection.      

Back Cover: Non‐invasive optical method for real‐time assessment of intracorneal riboflavin concentration and efficacy of corneal cross‐linking (J. Biophotonics 7/2018)

We disclose a theranostic device for performing image‐guided riboflavin/UV‐A corneal cross‐linking. The device determines treatment efficacy by real time monitoring of riboflavin concentration in the corneal stroma. The study shows efficacy of the device in eye bank human donor tissues. Further details can be found in the article by Giuseppe Lombardo et al. ( e201800028 )

     

Mechanical performance of lumbar intervertebral body fusion devices: An analysis of data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration

Lumbar intervertebral body fusion devices (L-IBFDs) are intended to provide stability to promote fusion in patients with a variety of lumbar pathologies. Different L-IBFD designs have been developed to accommodate various surgical approaches for lumbar interbody fusion procedures including anterior, lateral, posterior, and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusions (ALIF, LLIF, PLIF, and TLIF, respectively). Due to design differences, there is a potential for mechanical performance differences between ALIF, LLIF, PLIF, and TLIF devices. To evaluate this, mechanical performance and device dimension data were collected from 124 Traditional 510(k) submissions to the FDA for L-IBFDs cleared for marketing from 2007 through 2016. From these submissions, mechanical test results were aggregated for seven commonly performed tests: static and dynamic axial compression, compression-shear, and torsion testing per ASTM F2077, and subsidence testing per ASTM F2267. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to determine if device type (ALIF, LLIF, PLIF, TLIF) had a significant effect on mechanical performance parameters (static testing: stiffness and yield strength; dynamic testing: runout load; subsidence testing: stiffness [Kp]). Generally, ALIFs and LLIFs were found to be stiffer, stronger, and had higher subsidence resistance than PLIF and TLIF designs. These results are likely due to the larger footprints of the ALIF and LLIF devices. The relative mechanical performance and subsidence resistance can be considered when determining the appropriate surgical approach and implant for a given patient. Overall, the mechanical performance data presented here can be utilized for future L-IBFD development and design verification.     

Standardized reactors for the study of medical biofilms: a review of the principles and latest modifications

Biofilms can cause severe problems to human health due to the high tolerance to antimicrobials; consequently, biofilm science and technology constitutes an important research field. Growing a relevant biofilm in the laboratory provides insights into the basic understanding of the biofilm life cycle including responses to antibiotic therapies. Therefore, the selection of an appropriate biofilm reactor is a critical decision, necessary to obtain reproducible and reliable in vitro results. A reactor should be chosen based upon the study goals and a balance between the pros and cons associated with its use and operational conditions that are as similar as possible to the clinical setting. However, standardization in biofilm studies is rare. This review will focus on the four reactors (Calgary biofilm device, Center for Disease Control biofilm reactor, drip flow biofilm reactor, and rotating disk reactor) approved by a standard setting organization (ASTM International) for biofilm experiments and how researchers have modified these standardized reactors and associated protocols to improve the study and understanding of medical biofilms.     

Assessment of a chemostat-coupled modified Robbins device to study biofilms

The combination of a modified Robbins device (MRD) attached to the effluent line of a continuous cultivation vessel was assessed by the adhesion of planktonic bacteria maintained at a controlled growth rate. This combination of a chemostat and an MRD provides a large number of sample surfaces for monitoring both the formation and control of biofilms over extended periods of time. This apparatus was used to monitor the colonization of two soil isolates,Pseudomonas fluorescens (EX101) andPseudomonas putida (EX102) onto silastic rubber surfaces. At a similar _rel, both bacteria attached to the silastic, howeverP. fluorescens formed confluent, dense biofilms in less than 24 h, whereasP. putida adhered as single cells or microcolonies after the same period. The metabolic activity, measured by INT-formazan formation, was similar for both organisms with a peak at 6 h of colonization and a subsequent decrease after 24 h. Long term colonization studies ofP. fluorescens produced a population of greater than 9.5 log cfu cm^–2 at 28 days demonstrating the advantages of the chemostat-MRD association. This technique proved to be successful for studying bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in tubular devices by bacterial populations at controlled and low growth rates.     

Analysing the performance of a micro soil solution sampling device in a laboratory examination and a field experiment

The performance of a micro soil solution sampling device was tested in a laboratory examination and in a field experiment. The instrument allows detection of temporal and spatial changes in soil solution chemistry at a spatially high resolution. The flexible tube of the suction cell is made of a porous polymer with a diameter of 2.3 mm. To achieve more stability and to minimize disturbance of the instrument during field installation, the original device was modified by embedding the suction cell in a stainless steel and pressure absorbing corpus. During a laboratory test the new sampling system was compared to ceramic P-80 suction cells. Solution samples taken with the new device adapted more quickly to the given concentrations compared to the ceramic suction cells. In a field test, micro samplers were implanted in an existing soil solution monitoring plot, equipped with standard ceramic samplers. Bi-weekly sampling using the micro cells indicated high temporal and spatial variation, and in June 1995 it was possible, to identify a distinct nitrification. However, in a statistical comparison of the entire sampling period and respective sub-sampling areas the two sampler types indicated identical concentration ranges for nitrate. It is concluded that the new micro samplers can help to identify processes in soils which may cause short-term changes in the soil solution chemistry, whereas the standard sampling technique with ceramic cells seems to be still a suitable tool if long-term mean soil solution concentrations are to be measured.