Synthetic lethality-mediated precision oncology via the tumor transcriptome

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Minorities policy in the post‐Soviet republics: The case of the Gagauzi

This article explores the obstacles to crafting comprehensive policies for ethnic minorities within the Soviet successor states. It focuses on a case that has been viewed as a model for the peaceful resolution of ethnic conflict in the region: Moldova's devolution of power to its small Gagauz (Christian Turkic) minority. The relationship between the Moldovan government and the Gagauzi reached its nadir in 1990, when Moldovan volunteer forces and Gagauz irregulars stood at the brink of all‐out civil war over the issue of a separate Gagauz political entity. Since then, however, Moldova has created a special administrative unit known as Gagauz Yeri ('the Gagauz land'). In contrast to other ethno‐territorial disputes in the former Soviet Union, the Gagauz case has illustrated that a range of policy options exists between the extremes of maintaining a highly centralized, unitary state structure and the devolution of authority to loosely related confederative units.     

社会冲突理论视角下的医疗纠纷解决方式

随着社会经济的发展和人们生活水平的提高,人们的健康需求指数越来越高,法律意识也越来越强。与此同时,由医疗事故等原因导致的医疗纠纷案件正呈逐年上升趋势。有效地解决医疗纠纷,有助于建立和谐的医患关系,而和谐的医患关系是构建和谐社会一个主要的组成部分。本文在社会学视角下,运用达伦多夫和科塞的社会冲突理论来分析当前的医疗纠纷,从而促进医疗纠纷的解决。     

Autonomy,Natality and Freedom: A Liberal Re‐examination of Habermas in the Enhancement Debate

Jurgen Habermas has argued that carrying out pre‐natal germline enhancements would be inimical to the future child's autonomy. In this article, I suggest that many of the objections that have been made against Habermas' arguments by liberals in the enhancement debate misconstrue his claims. To explain why, I begin by explaining how Habermas' view of personal autonomy confers particular importance to the agent's embodiment and social environment. In view of this, I explain that it is possible to draw two arguments against germline enhancements from Habermas' thought. I call these arguments ‘the argument from negative freedom’ and ‘the argument from natality’. Although I argue that many of the common liberal objections to Habermas are not applicable when his arguments are properly understood, I go on to suggest ways in which supporters of enhancement might appropriately respond to Habermas' arguments.     

The pathology clinic – pathologists should see patients

S. Manek The pathology clinic – pathologists should see patients This invited review describes why and how a pathologist should talk to patients in order to enhance the patient care pathway. The pathologist–patient interaction should become a natural extension to multidisciplinary team decision making, and also become the forum in which patients are helped to understand important aspects of their conditions and the pathological basis for their treatment plans. There is a vast amount of information available through the internet and to digest this can be a difficult process for a patient who is already having to cope with a medical condition. The pathologist is often best placed to sieve through this information and offer the patient the relevant detail necessary to understand the condition and the management pathway. Pathologists can provide up‐to‐date, simple information about malignant and even certain significant benign conditions, and they can do this with the help of several pictorial tools. In this way, the pathologist becomes an even more active member of a clinical team and helps both clinicians and patients to deal with illnesses in a novel way hitherto not considered.     

Melanotropin-potentiating factor isolated from filtrate of uremic patients suffering from melanosis and carbohydrate intolerance

Summary Following the characterization of a hexadecapeptide,-endorphin, melanotropin-potentiating factor (MPF) was isolated from the filtrate of uremic patients suffering from melanosis and carbohydrate intolerance. The structure of MPF has been determined on the bases of chemical and physicochemical examinations which included HPLC, Edman sequence analysis combined analysis of the amino acid composition and FAB-MS analysis. An accumulation of MPF might be a cause of melanosis in uremic patients.Abbreviations Et₃N triethylamine - TFA trifluoroacetic acid - HF hydrogen fluoride - CH₃CN acetonitrile - DCC dicyclohexyl-carbidimide - HOBT N-hydroxybenzotriazole - OBzl benzyl ester - Boc tert-butoxycarbonyl - Z bebzyloxycarbonyl - EtOH ethanol - ECUM extracorporeal ultrafiltration method - FAB-MS fast atom bombardment spectrometry - HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography - TLC thin-layer chromatography - AcOH acetic acid - AP-M aminopeptidase-M - PTH phenylthiohydantoin     

一氧化氮合酶(NOS)等活性变化对肺癌早期诊断的研究——纤支镜活检组织50例的观察

用酶组织化学方法探讨经支气管纤维镜（简称纤支镜）活检组织,对肺癌的早期诊断。包括一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）、细胞色素氧化酶（ＣＣＯ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）、酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）等。酶组织化学反应结果显示为肺癌组病人ＮＯＳ、ＬＤＨ、ＣＣＯ、ＡＣＰ的活性显著增高,分别为强阳性（）,少数呈最强阳性（）;而ＳＯＨ活性为弱阳性（＋）,较正常人组显著下降。可疑组病人ＳＤＨ活性增高呈强阳性（）或最强阳性（）,但ＮＯＳ、ＬＤＨ、ＡＣＰ的活性较肺癌组下降,分别为弱阳性（＋）或中等阳性（）。上述结果提示：ＮＯＳ等活性的变化,可作为提高肺癌早期诊断的重要指标之一。     

Measuring psychosocial variables that predict older persons’oral health behaviour

The importance of recognising psychosocial characteristics of older people that influence their oral health behaviours and the potential success of dental procedures is discussed. Three variables and instruments developed and tested by the author and colleagues are presented. A measure of perceived importance of oral health behaviours has been found to be a significant predictor of dental service utilization in three studies. Self-efficacy regarding oral health has been found to be lower than self-efficacy regarding general health and medication use among older adults, especially among non-Western ethnic minorities. The significance of self-efficacy for predicting changes in caries and periodontal disease is described. Finally, a measure of expectations regarding specific dental procedures has been used with older people undergoing implant therapy. Studies with this instrument reveal that patients have concerns about the procedure far different than those focused on by dental providers. All three instruments can be used in clinical practice as a means of understanding patients’values, perceived oral health abilities, and expectations from dental care. These instruments can enhance dentist-patient rapport and improve the chances of successful dental outcomes for older patients.     

患者参与在临床护理中的研究现状与启示

介绍了患者参与在临床护理工作中的研究现状,即综述了患者参与在护理人员对患者参与的认知、护理技术操作考核、临床患者身份核对、术后护理及用药安全等方面的研究现状,并进一步评价患者参与的方式、内容及效果评价指标,进而提出促进患者参与时的注意事项,以期为临床应用提供理论参考。     

公立医院病人安全文化影响因素量表开发及筛选研究

目的 构建病人安全文化影响因素量表,评价量表的信度、效度。方法 收集条目,聘请专家评审,用初始量表进行预调研,修改形成应用版量表。采取整群抽样的方法进行调研。采用SPSS17.0、EXCEL2007对数据进行分析,结合多种统计方法对条目进行分析和筛选;评价量表效度采用因子分析以及量表编制的过程;应用克朗巴赫α系数、分半信度及重测信度评价量表的信度。结果 应用专家咨询法以及统计方法对量表条目进行筛选,得到49个条目。各维度的内部一致性良好（＞0.7）,分半信度和重测信度的结果良好,对量表进行因子分析以及内容效度的评估,结果显示效度指标良好。结论 量表具有较好的敏感性,区分性,独立性,代表性以及一致性,具有良好的信度和效度。