IL‐23 plays a significant role in the augmentation of particulate matter‐mediated allergic airway inflammation

It has been recently that particulate matter (PM) exposure increases the risk and exacerbation of allergic asthma. However, the underlying mechanisms and factors associated with increased allergic responses remain elusive. We evaluated IL‐23 and IL‐23R (receptor) expression, as well as changes in the asthmatic phenotype in mice administered PM and a low dose of house dust mite (HDM). Next, changes in the phenotype and immune responses were evaluated after intranasal administration of anti‐IL‐23 antibody during co‐exposure to PM and low‐dose HDM. We also performed in vitro experiments to investigate the effect of IL‐23. IL‐23 expression was significantly increased in Epcam+CD45− and CD11c+ cells, while that of IL‐23R was increased in Epcam+CD45− cells only in mice administered PM and low‐dose HDM. Administration of anti‐IL‐23 antibody led to decreased airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophils, and activation of dendritic cells, reduced populations of Th2 Th17, ILC2, the level of IL‐33 and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). Inhibition of IL‐23 in PM and low‐dose HDM stimulated airway epithelial cell line resulted in decreased IL‐33, GM‐CSF and affected ILC2 and the activation of BMDCs. PM augmented the phenotypes and immunologic responses of asthma even at low doses of HDM. Interestingly, IL‐23 affected immunological changes in airway epithelial cells.     

紫背金盘(Ajuga nipponensis)次生物质对桔全爪螨(Panonychus citri)的驱避作用

研究了紫背金盘Ajuga nipponensis Makino各溶剂提取物和部分化合物对桔全爪螨Panonychus citri McGregor雌成螨及其产卵的驱避作用.结果表明,石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物具有较强的生物活性.在0.1 g · L-1时, 石油醚和乙酸乙酯萃取物对该螨处理1d后的产卵忌避率分别为:84.86%、69.88%;2d后为89.49%、82.19%;对雌成螨驱避率分别为:85.08%、68.66%;2d后为50.96%、69.84%.乙酸乙酯萃取物经分离得到四类化合物,结果表明:馏分Ⅰ为长链脂肪酸混合物,具有较强生物活性,2000μg/ml和1000μg/ml处理1d后,产卵忌避率分别为:80.77%、74.77%;2d后为73.81%、72.59%.2000μg/ml处理1d后对雌成螨的驱避率为:69.88%;2d后为74.24%.刺槐素Ⅱ、新克罗烷化合物Ⅲ和β-蜕皮甾酮Ⅳ在2000μg/ml均不表现活性.对馏分Ⅰ中的4个主要化合物单体进行活性测定,结果表明:十六烷酸、十六烷酸甲酯、十六烷酸乙酯和十八烷酸甲酯在2000μg/ml处理时,1d后,产卵驱避率分别为:75.18%、61.76%、59.18%和66.49%;2d后产卵驱避率为:66.67%、31.15%、46.75%和44.84%;雌成螨驱避率分别为:1d后,67.53%、63.79%、59.26%和68.00;2d后,67.23%、43.96%、48.23%和64.19%.在1000μg/ml处理时,1d 后,产卵驱避率分别为:59.21%、59.16%、57.02%和61.40%;1d后,雌成螨驱避率分别为:69.64%、61.43%、55.76%和64.00%.     

环境筛选和扩散限制在地表和地下螨群落物种共存中的调控作用

识别扩散限制和环境筛选在群落物种共存中的相对作用,是土壤动物群落物种共存机制研究的重要内容,然而少有针对地表和地下土壤动物群落的探讨。在三江平原农田生态系统,设置一个50 m×50 m的空间尺度,探讨环境筛选和扩散限制对地表和地下土壤螨群落物种共存的调控作用。基于Moran特征向量图(MEMs)和变差分解的方法来区分环境筛选和扩散限制的调控作用;采用偏Mantel检验进一步分析环境距离和空间距离的相对贡献;使用RDA分析环境因子对螨群落物种组成的解释能力。变差分解结果表明,空间变量对地表、地下和地表-地下土壤螨群落具有较大的显著方差解释量,而环境变量和空间环境结构的解释量相对较小且不显著;偏Mantel检验没有发现环境距离或空间距离的显著贡献;RDA分析表明土壤p H值、大豆株高和土壤含水量对土壤螨群落具有显著的解释能力,说明环境变量对螨群落物种组成的重要作用。研究表明,在三江平原农田生态系统,地表和地下土壤螨群落物种共存主要受到扩散限制的调控作用,同时环境筛选的调控作用也不容忽视。     

退化红壤植被恢复对土壤螨类群落结构的影响

对退化红壤地区的旱生性草坡、稀疏针叶林、针叶林、针阔混交林等4种植被恢复类型及裸地、顶级常绿阔叶林等2个对照样地的土壤螨类群落进行四季调查,共捕获4亚目53科,其中隐气门亚目27科（Cryptostigmata）,前气门亚目（Prostigmata）17科,中气门亚目（Mesostigmata）8科,无气门亚目（Astigmata）1科,优势类群为矮汉甲螨科（Nanhermanniidae）和单翼甲螨科（Haplozetidae）,常见类群包括若甲螨科（Oribatulidae）、盖头甲螨科（Tectocepheidae）等16科。应用个体密度、类群数、香农多样性、密度．类群DG指数、丰富度和均匀度、甲螨群落的MGP分析和捕食性螨类MI指数,研究其中螨类的群落结构特征。研究结果表明：不同植被类型土壤螨类群落差异显著,各项指标均以常绿阔叶林为最高,其次为稀疏针叶林,显著高于其它样地（P〈0．05）,针叶林和裸地处于最低水平。甲螨群落类群结构中,各植被类型中的甲螨群落均属于M型;甲螨个体密度结构类型中,裸地属于MP型,旱生性草坡属P型,常绿阔叶林属于O型,其它均属于M型。中气门螨类的MI指数在各植被类型没有明显的变化。DCA分析将6类型分为3类：裸地、常绿阔叶林各为一类,其余各类型归为一类,这显示了土壤螨类群落对植被恢复不同类型的响应。     

草地螟寄生蝇与寄主间的关系及控害作用

草地螟寄生蝇是草地螟Loxotego stictialisL.的重要天敌,但其发生种类、控害作用尚不明确。通过室内饲养,结合历年田间调查对康保县草地螟寄生蝇种类、田间分布、寄生率及消长规律进行研究,结果表明康保县草地螟寄生蝇发生种类有5种。田间呈聚集分布,种群数量大,寄生率高,控害作用显著。对开展草地螟预测预报,保护利用天敌资源和综合治理提供了科学依据。     

尘螨变应原Der f 1核酸序列测定及其分子进化分析

目的：对尘螨主要变应原Der f 1进行核酸序列测定,探讨其系统进化信息。方法：根据Genbank公布的Der f 1基因序列设计引物,巢式PCR扩增Der f 1的cDNA,纯化、回收、克隆至pMD19-T simple后进行序列测定,序列比对后用Clustal W1.83构建分子进化树。结果：成功扩增出Der f 1的cDNA片段,测序表明该基因含ORF1个,长度966bp,与参考序列同源性达99．9％。该变应原具半胱氨酸蛋白酶活性,与果蝇进化关系最远,与梅氏嗜霉螨进化关系最近。结论：成功获得了尘螨变应原Der f 1基因片段．根据其编码的氨基酸序列构建出的系统进化树与形态学分类不一致。     

雄尾螨属二新种及马氏雄尾螨重新记述：（蜱螨亚纲：雄尾螨科）

作者在整理采自贵阳、长沙、武汉的马氏雄尾螨Arrenurus(Micruracarus)madarasziDaday标本中,发现了两个近似新种:拟马氏雄尾螨Arrenurus(Micruracarus)madarasziatus sp.nov.和华中雄尾螨Arrenurus(Micruracarus)huazhongensis sp.nov.本文记述了此三近以种,并作了特征鉴别。     

拟长毛钝绥螨与硃砂叶螨相互作用的实验研究——干扰作用和搜寻效率

在猎物卵不同密度下,拟长毛钝绥螨(Amblyseius pseudolongispinosus)随其种群密度的增加(不超过10头/叶片),个体之间不存在干扰作用;捕食螨的搜寻活动和产卵分布对猎物分布的变动有一定的时滞性;聚集行为往往是由于某些生境中猎物被消耗殆尽后引起的,这与捕食螨在猎物卵不同密度下的扩散作用和干扰作用较弱有关。     

Design and visualization of second‐generation cyanoisoindole‐based fluorescent strigolactone analogs

Strigolactones (SLs) are a family of terpenoid allelochemicals that were recognized as plant hormones only a decade ago. They influence a myriad of both above‐ and below‐ground developmental processes, and are an important survival strategy for plants in nutrient‐deprived soils. A rapidly emerging approach to gain knowledge on hormone signaling is the use of traceable analogs. A unique class of labeled SL analogs was constructed, in which the original tricyclic lactone moiety of natural SLs is replaced by a fluorescent cyanoisoindole ring system. Biological evaluation as parasitic seed germination stimulant and hypocotyl elongation repressor proved the potency of the cyanoisoindole strigolactone analogs (CISAs) to be comparable to the commonly accepted standard GR24. Additionally, via a SMXL6 protein degradation assay, we provided molecular evidence that the compounds elicit SL‐like responses through the natural signaling cascade. All CISAs were shown to exhibit fluorescent properties, and the high quantum yield and Stokes shift of the pyrroloindole derivative CISA‐7 also enabled in vivo visualization in plants. In contrast to the previously reported fluorescent analogs, CISA‐7 displays a large similarity in shape and structure with natural SLs, which renders the analog a promising tracer to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of SLs in plants and fungi.     

Acetylcholinesterase secretion by parasitic nematodes. II. Trichostrongylus spp

Unusually high levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were found in the nematode parasites Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis and T, retortaeformis. In T. colubriformis the enzyme was located in the oesophageal and excretory glands of the parasitic stages. The highest level/unit wt was found in the fourth-stage larvae, which per worm had a comparable level to that in adult worms because the excretory gland was fully developed in the fourth-stage larvae. In acrylamide gel electrophoresis, T. axei and T. colubriformis AChE and esterases were similar but differed from those present in T. retortaeformis. Globulins prepared from the sera of sheep and guinea-pigs infected with T. colubriformis complexed with T. colubriformis and T. axei AChE, but not with esterases nor with AChE from T. retortaeformis, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Oesophagostomum radiatum or O. venulosum. Complexing of AChE to globulins did not inhibit the enzymic function of this enzyme.