从文献计量看个性化医学国际发展态势

该文选取当前生物医学发展的前沿领域——个性化医学领域,以美国科技信息所科学引文指标数据库(SCI-Expanded)为信息源,德温特数据分析家(Thomson Data Analyzer)为工具,对1999?2009年间,全球个性化医学研究领域发表的论文进行了文献计量学分析,以了解世界个性化医学的发展态势,为我国提升个性化医学的研究提供参考依据。     

Sensitivity analysis of coexistence in ecological communities: theory and application

Sensitivity analysis, the study of how ecological variables of interest respond to changes in external conditions, is a theoretically well‐developed and widely applied approach in population ecology. Though the application of sensitivity analysis to predicting the response of species‐rich communities to disturbances also has a long history, derivation of a mathematical framework for understanding the factors leading to robust coexistence has only been a recent undertaking. Here we suggest that this development opens up a new perspective, providing advances ranging from the applied to the theoretical. First, it yields a framework to be applied in specific cases for assessing the extinction risk of community modules in the face of environmental change. Second, it can be used to determine trait combinations allowing for coexistence that is robust to environmental variation, and limits to diversity in the presence of environmental variation, for specific community types. Third, it offers general insights into the nature of communities that are robust to environmental variation. We apply recent community‐level extensions of mathematical sensitivity analysis to example models for illustration. We discuss the advantages and limitations of the method, and some of the empirical questions the theoretical framework could help answer.     

Strategic mining of cyanobacterial patents from the USPTO patent database and analysis of their scope and implications

Patent analysis with the help of the strategic mining of patents from databases is important and useful within the framework of application-oriented research and its commercialization. In the analysis reported here, we have mined cyanobacterial patents from the patent database of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). In order to make an assessment of the commercial potentials of cyanobacteria, we conducted the patent search (from 1976 to April 2006) using certain generic terms and the 84 genera of cyanobacteria as keywords. The search was performed in two major ways – searching the abstracts and claims of the patents cumulatively and searching the entire patent documents by the mode of ‘all fields’ in USPTO. In the abstract- and claims-based search, 234 patents were obtained after the removal of overlapping patents among the keywords. An additional 31 patents were added following the ‘all fields’ search; these patents were not covered in the search that was based on abstracts and claims. The entire package of 265 patents, of which 244 were related to cyanobacteria, was then analyzed. Information derived from these patents identified five major areas of cyanobacterial utilization. Cyanobacteria have been patented as a source of a wide spectrum of products, for medical, agriculture and environmental applications, for gene-based products, for methods of cultivation and for methods of control. The chronological development in granting cyanobacterial patents was also traced. This study demonstrates that such strategic mining and analysis of patent data can be used as an index for future development.     

大黄鱼与小黄鱼细胞色素b基因全序列的比较分析

对大黄鱼、小黄鱼线粒体细胞色素b基因进行了PCR扩增及序列测定,得到1140bp的全序列。大黄鱼和小黄鱼的碱基组成相似,前者T、C、A、G含量分别为28.4%、33.0%、23.2%和15.4%,A+T含量为51.6%;后者T、C、A、G含量分别为26.7%、34.1%、23.8%和15.4%,A+T含量为50.5%。大、小黄鱼cytb基因中三联体密码子中碱基的使用频率很相似,第一位较均一,第二位富含T,第三位富含C。大小黄鱼cytb基因存在明显差异,序列相似性仅为88.95%;两序列间具有126个差异位点;碱基转换/颠换率为3.1,碱基替换多发生在密码子第三位;碱基转换中C\T显著高于A\G,表现出转换偏歧。     

高效液相色谱建立掌叶大黄指纹图谱

采用高效液相色谱法建立不同来源掌叶大黄的指纹图谱,为其质量控制提供依据。本实验方法采用Nucleodur C18（4．6mm×250mm,5μm）色谱柱,流动相以甲醇：0．5％磷酸水溶液（1：9,V／V）作为A相,乙腈作为B相进行梯度洗脱（流速0．8mL／min,检测波长280nm）。通过聚类分析和相似度分析处理,14个不同来源的掌叶大黄样品被初步分为两大类：正品掌叶大黄和非正品。实验方法简便、可靠,可成为掌叶大黄质量评价的有效手段。     

大豆倒伏性相关QTL的整合及Overview分析

倒伏性是影响大豆产量的重要因素,发掘与大豆倒伏相关的基因对于培育抗倒伏优良高产大豆品种具有重要意义。目前利用不同群体所构建的遗传图谱已经定位了大量与大豆倒伏性相关的QTLs。本研究在对已报道的QTLs进行物理整合的基础上,选择元分析方法将这些倒伏性相关的QTLs进一步整合,鉴定出位于C2(6号染色体)、F(13号染色体)、L(19号染色体)这3个连锁群上重复次数较多的QTL区间6个。选用基于统计学原理的Overview方法进行优化,获得了这些QTL在各个连锁群上的有效遗传位置,这些QTL的置信区间长度最小可缩至0.2 cM。通过在这些区间内进一步筛选,获得一个稳定性较好的标记Satt277。本研究可为大豆抗倒伏基因发掘及分子标记辅助选择育种提供理论依据。     

基于蛋白互作网络识别非小细胞肺癌相关基因功能模块

本研究对非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung carcinoma,NSCLC)基因表达数据进行差异表达分析,并与蛋白质相互作用网络(PPIN)数据进行整合,进一步利用Heinz搜索算法识别NSCLC相关的基因功能模块,并对模块中的基因进行功能(GO term)和通路(KEGG)富集分析,旨在探究肺癌发病分子机制。蛋白互作网络分析得到一个包含96个基因和117个相互作用的功能模块,以及8个对NSCLC的发生和发展起到关键作用候选基因标志物。富集分析结果表明,这些基因主要富集于基因转录催化及染色质调控等生物学过程,并在基础转录因子、黏着连接、细胞周期、Wnt信号通路及HTLV-Ⅰ感染等生物学通路中发挥重要作用。本研究对非小细胞肺癌相关的基因和生物学通路进行预测,可用于肺癌的早期诊断和早期治疗,以降低肺癌死亡率。     

枯草芽胞杆菌异戊二烯酶ComQ的生物信息学分析及对生物膜形态的影响

[目的]枯草芽胞杆菌ComQ是一种类异戊二烯生物合成酶.利用生物信息学预测分析了ComQ的生物学特性,对comQ基因进行过表达和敲除,构建突变菌,孔板发酵培养验证生物膜形态变化.[方法]运用NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information)网站里的Protein数据...