泌尿生殖道解脲支原体和人型支原体感染情况及药敏结果分析

目的 分析抚顺地区泌尿生殖道解脲支原体和人型支原体感染情况及药敏情况。方法 采用支原体培养、鉴定、药敏一体化试剂盒对710名患者进行解脲支原体（Uu）和人型支原体（Mh）检测和其对9种抗菌药物的药敏试验。结果 710名患者中共检出支原体感染者200名,阳性率为28.17%。其中Uu 140名（19.71%）,Mh 12名（1.69%）,Uu+Mh混合感染48名（6.76%）。药敏结果表明,支原体对强力霉素、美满霉素和克拉霉素敏感率高,分别为95.71%,98.57%和91.42%。结论 抚顺地区支原体感染发病率较高,以单纯Uu感染为主,美满霉素是治疗支原体感染的首选药物。     

妇科门诊患者阴道分泌物检测及支原体感染情况和耐药性

目的 分析妇科门诊患者阴道分泌物及支原体感染和耐药性情况。 方法 选取我院2017年7月至2018年7月于妇科门诊就诊的1 200例患者为研究对象,收集患者阴道分泌物并检测支原体感染情况及其耐药性。 结果 1 200例患者中患滴虫性阴道炎者13例(1.08%),霉菌性阴道炎139例(11.58%),细菌性阴道病97例(8.08%)。阴道清洁度Ⅲ~Ⅳ度的患者滴虫性阴道炎、霉菌性阴道炎、细菌性阴道病的发生率显著高于清洁度Ⅰ~Ⅱ度的患者(均P0.05)。结论 阴道清洁度与阴道炎的发生具有相关性。患者阴道分泌物中支原体的检测及药敏试验可为临床治疗提供参考依据。     

木麻黄原生境种子萌发及幼苗存活的影响因素分析

木麻黄无法天然更新已严重影响了海南岛木麻黄海防林发挥其永续的防护效能。该文以海口木麻黄海防林为原生境试验基地,采用5因素2水平的因子试验设计方法,共设计36个处理组合,探究木麻黄种子萌发及幼苗存活的影响因素及障碍因子。结果表明：(1)木麻黄种子发芽率最高的处理组合为林窗-不浇水-沙土-保水-盖土(GJ0SBM),发芽率为37.33%,显著高于其他处理组合(P<0.05);平均株高最高的处理组合为林窗-浇水-红土-不保水-不盖土(GJRB0M0),平均株高为6.43 cm/53 d,显著高于其他处理组合(P<0.05);存活率最高的组合为林窗-浇水-沙土-保水-盖土(GJSBM),存活率为79.00%/73 d,显著高于其他处理组合(P<0.05)。(2)林分光照条件和盖土方式是木麻黄种子发芽率及发芽势的影响因素,保水方式对种子发芽速度有显著影响。(3)林分光照条件是影响木麻黄幼苗株高的影响因素。(4)浇水方式是影响木麻黄幼苗存活率的主要影响因素。综上所述,木麻黄自身无法天然更新的障碍机制不在于种子萌发,而是因为木麻黄幼苗在海南旱季因缺乏必要的水分而无法存活,从而导致其...     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病不同表型患者CAT评分与肺功能及预后的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）不同表型评估测试问卷（COPD assessment test,CAT）评分与肺功能及预后的关系。方法：收集361例COPD患者临床资料、CAT评分、肺功能检查结果及肺外合并症、肺内并发症等情况,按临床表型分为肺气肿组（n=200）和支气管炎组（n=161）,分析肺气肿组200例和支气管炎组161例COPD患者CAT评分与肺功能及预后的关系。结果：肺气肿组CAT评分高于支气管炎组（P<0.05）,一秒用力呼气容积（FEV₁）占预计值百分比（FEV₁%）、FEV₁/用力肺活量（FVC）低于支气管炎组（P<0.05）,吸气分数（IC/TLC）低于支气管炎组,残总比（RV/TLC）高于支气管炎组（P<0.05）;肺气肿组肺间质性病变、肺动脉高压发生率均高于支气管炎组（P<0.05）;支气管炎、肺气肿组CAT评分均与FEV₁%、FEV₁/FVC、IC/TLC呈负相关（P<0.05）,与RV/TLC呈正相关（P<0.05）,肺气肿各参数相关度更高（P<0.05）;肺气肿组不同CAT评分患者肺间质性病变、肺动脉高压发生率比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,支气管炎组不同CAT评分肺动脉高压发生率比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,随CAT评分的升高,肺气肿组肺间质性病变、肺动脉高压发生率上升,支气管炎组肺动脉高压发生率上升。结论： COPD肺气肿表型CAT评分较支气管炎表型高,肺功能降低更明显,呈现肺过度通气,气流受限特点,更易并发肺间质纤维化、肺动脉高压,且与CAT评分变化密切相关。     

Critique on the Use of the Standardized Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Test for First Generation Anticoagulant Rodenticides

Avian risk assessments for rodenticides are often driven by the results of standardized acute oral toxicity tests without regards to a toxicant's mode of action and time course of adverse effects. First generation anticoagulant rodenticides (FGARs) generally require multiple feedings over several days to achieve a threshold concentration in tissue and cause adverse effects. This exposure regimen is much different than that used in the standardized acute oral toxicity test methodology. Median lethal dose values derived from standardized acute oral toxicity tests underestimate the environmental hazard and risk of FGARs. Caution is warranted when FGAR toxicity, physiological effects, and pharmacokinetics derived from standardized acute oral toxicity testing are used for forensic confirmation of the cause of death in avian mortality incidents and when characterizing FGARs’ risks to free-ranging birds.     

In vitro analysis of localized aneurysm rupture

In this study, bulge inflation tests were used to characterize the failure response of 15 layers of human ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (ATAA). Full field displacement data were collected during each of the mechanical tests using a digital image stereo-correlation (DIS-C) system. Using the collected displacement data, the local stress fields at burst were derived and the thickness evolution was estimated during the inflation tests. It was shown that rupture of the ATAA does not systematically occur at the location of maximum stress, but in a weakened zone of the tissue where the measured fields show strain localization and localized thinning of the wall. Our results are the first to show the existence of weakened zones in the aneurysmal tissue when rupture is imminent. An understanding these local rupture mechanics is necessary to improve clinical assessments of aneurysm rupture risk. Further studies must be performed to determine if these weakened zones can be detected in vivo using non-invasive techniques.     

Red cell enzyme polymorphism: Gene differentiation in three populations of Maharashtra,India

Blood samples of 1,266 individuals were collected from three caste populations; Nava Budha (Mahar), Maratha, and a mixed group of Scheduled castes from each of three districts of Maharashtra, Nagpur, Akola, and Thane. The samples were tested for 12 enzyme systems, viz., AcPh, AK, CA-I, CA-II, Est-D, LDH, MDH, Oxidase, PGM-1, PGM-2, 6-PGD, and PHI. The gene frequencies of these loci are within the ranges observed among the Indian populations so far studied. The total differences in gene frequencies for each polymorphic locus was partitioned into three components, i.e., the differences between caste populations, the differences between regions, and the differences due to interaction between caste populations and regions. The results show that besides caste variation for two loci, Est-D and PGM-1, the gene frequencies for AK, Est-D, and G-6PD loci have different geographical distributions.     

In vivo photochemical micronucleus induction due to certain quinolone antimicrobial agents in the skin of hairless mice

The skin micronucleus test combined with irradiation due to a sunlight simulator having a spectrum almost identical to solar irradiation was used as a novel in vivo testing method for detecting or comparing the photochemical chromosome damage of quinolone antibacterial agents (quinolones). Eight-week-old male SKH1 hairless mice were orally administered once lomefloxacin (LFLX), a strong in vitro photochemical clastogen, at 25 or 50 mg/kg, followed by light irradiation at 7.9–9.4 J/cm² of ultraviolet A (UVA). Animals were killed on Days 2, 3, 4, 5 or 8 (the dosing day was designated as Day 1), and the incidence of micronucleus in the epidermis was determined. As results, LFLX at either dose caused significant increases in the micronucleus frequency, which peaked on Day 4. These changes tended to return to the control level on Day 8. Then, the micronucleus induction potential of the quinolone derivatives levofloxacin (LVFX) and clinafloxacin (CLFX) at 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg was assessed on Day 4 under the same experimental conditions as for LFLX. Although LVFX was negative even at 40 mg/kg, CFLX dose-dependently induced significant increases in micronucleus frequency at all doses. The correlation of magnitude among the three quinolones in the skin micronucleus test with light irradiation was similar to that in our previous in vitro photochemical clastogenicity study. No significant increase in micronucleus frequency was observed in any of three quinolones employed without light irradiation. In conclusion, the experimental method presented here would be a useful tool for detecting in vivo photochemical chromosome damage and for research on photochemical carcinogenesis of chemicals.