Therapeutic potency of oncolytic virotherapy in breast cancer targeting,current status and perspective

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in women and presents a serious therapeutic challenge worldwide. Traditional treatments are less successful at targeting cancer tumors, leading to recurrent treatment-resistant secondary malignancies. Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) is a novel anticancer strategy with therapeutic implications at targeting cancer cells by using mechanisms that differ from conventional therapies. Administration of OVs either alone or in combination with standard therapies provide new insights regarding the effectiveness and improvement of treatment responses for breast cancer patients. This review summarizes cellular, animal and clinical studies investigating therapeutic potency of oncolytic virotherapy in breast cancer treatment for a better understanding and hence a better management of this disease.     

Cellular energization protects the photosynthetic machinery against salt-induced inactivation in Synechococcus

The effects of the energization of cells by light and by exogenous glucose on the salt-induced inactivation of the photosynthetic machinery were investigated in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. The incubation of the cyanobacterial cells in a medium supplemented with 0.5 M NaCl induced a rapid decline with a subsequent slow decline, in the oxygen-evolving activity of Photosystem (PS) II and in the electron-transport activity of PSI. Light and exogenous glucose each protected PSII and PSI against the second phase of the NaCl-induced inactivation. The protective effects of light and glucose were eliminated by an uncoupler of phosphorylation and by lincomycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Light and glucose had similar effects on the NaCl-induced inactivation of Na⁺/H⁺ antiporters. After photosynthetic and Na⁺/H⁺-antiport activities had been eliminated by the exposure of cells to 0.5 M NaCl in the darkness, both activities were partially restored by light or exogenous glucose. This recovery was prevented by lincomycin. These observations suggest that cellular energization by either photosynthesis or respiration, which is necessary for protein synthesis, is important for the recovery of the photosynthetic machinery and Na⁺/H⁺ antiporters from inactivation by a high level of NaCl.     

可复制性单纯疱疹病毒在抗肿瘤方面的应用

单纯疱疹病毒是肿瘤生物治疗中常用的病毒载体之一,可复制性单纯疱疹病毒以其溶瘤效率高、特异性好、可行性强成为近年来研究的热点。其中对溶瘤性单纯疱疹病毒突变株G207的研究开展得早,其溶瘤效果、靶向性及安全性都得到了确认,这也带动了可复制性单疱病毒应用的发展,目前已研究出多种溶瘤单纯疱疹病毒突变株。本文就近几年可复制性单纯疱疹病毒在抗肿瘤方面的研究现状加以综述,以探讨其临床治疗肿瘤的潜在价值及可行性。     

溶瘤单纯疱疹病毒治疗技术及其进展

溶瘤病毒治疗是当前肿瘤治疗技术的研究热点,溶瘤单纯疱疹病毒是目前研究最多的,也是抗肿瘤作用最好的溶瘤病毒之一,本文就主要介绍溶瘤单纯疱疹病毒的优势、遗传操作、发展策略、研究进展及靶向性策略等。     

Screening different host cell lines for the dynamic production of measles virus

Measles virus (MV) has a natural affinity for cancer cells and oncolytic MV preparations have therefore been investigated in several clinical trials as a potential treatment for cancer. The main bottleneck in the administration of oncolytic MV to cancer patients is the production process, because very large doses of virus particles are required for each treatment. Here, we investigated the productivity of different host cells and found that a high infection efficiency did not necessarily result in high virus yields because virus release is also dependent on the host cell. As well as producing large numbers of active MV particles, host cells must perform well in dynamic cultivation systems. In screening experiments, the highest productivity was achieved by Vero and BJAB cells, but only the Vero cells maintained their high virus productivity when transferred to a stirred tank reactor. We used dielectric spectroscopy as an online monitoring system to control the infection and harvest times, which are known to be critical process parameters. The precise control of these parameters allowed us to achieve higher virus titers with Vero cells in a stirred tank reactor than in a static cultivation system based on T‐flasks, with maximum titers of up to 10¹¹ TCID₅₀ ml^?1. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:989–997, 2017     

Fragment-based design,synthesis, biological evaluation,and SAR of 1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-1H-indazol derivatives as potent PDK1 inhibitors

In this work, we describe the use of the rule of 3 fragment-based strategies from biochemical screening data of 1100 in-house, small, low molecular weight fragments. The sequential combination of in silico fragment hopping and fragment linking based on S160/Y161/A162 hinge residues hydrogen bonding interactions leads to the identification of novel 1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-1H-indazol class of Phosphoinositide-Dependent Kinase-1 (PDK1) inhibitors. Consequent SAR and follow-up screening data led to the discovery of two potent PDK1 inhibitors: compound 32 and 35, with an IC₅₀ of 80?nM and 94?nM, respectively. Further biological evaluation showed that, at the low nanomolar concentration, the drug had potent ability to inhibit phosphorylation of AKT and p70S6, and selectively kill the cancer cells with mutations in both PTEN and PI3K. The microarray data showed that DUSP6, DUSP4, and FOSL1 were down-regulated in the sensitive cell lines with the compound treatment. The in vivo test showed that 35 can significantly inhibit tumor growth without influencing body weight growth. Our results suggest that these compounds, especially 35, merit further pre-clinical evaluation.     

麻疹疫苗生产工艺的改进研究

对麻疹疫苗生产工艺进行了改进研究,在病毒培养过程中,以病毒生长稳定剂替代白蛋白,减少维持液加量,延长病毒培养时间并缩短病毒释放时间,提高了病毒原液的滴度,由此可使分装量减少,而每一剂量中实际病毒含量并不减少,从而使麻疹疫苗的冻干条件得到改善,采用改进工艺后,麻疹疫苗的质量,中间产品和成品合格率均有较大的提高。     

太子参花叶病毒的检测与防治

1982年我们在国内外首次发现太子参花叶病毒,并对该病毒的形态结构、症状表现、宿主范围、血清学、生化特性等进行了研究,同时还对太子参病毒病进行了初步防治。在上述工作的基础上,我们又进一步应用ELISA技术,对太子参花叶病毒进行了田间检测,并确认了种子消毒方法,为太子参花叶病毒病的田间诊断与防治提出了科学措施。     

In vitro synthesis of photosynthetic membranes: I. Development of photosystem I activity and cyclic photophosphorylation

First successful $\text{in vitro}$ synthesis of functional photosynthetic phosphorylating membrane is reported. Etioplasts, highly enriched in cytoplasmic and plastid proteins, isolated from etiolated Cucumber cotyledons pretreated with kinetin and gibberellic acid, and illuminated in a cofactor fortified medium showed commencement of chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis immediately after illumination from exogenous δ-aminolevulinic acid, while photosystem I (PS I) activity commenced 15 min after the onset of illumination. When cotyledons pretreated with kinetin and gibberellic acid were illuminated directly, there was a lag phase of 30 min before the commencement of Chl synthesis and PS I activity developed after 1 h of illumination. In plastids developed both $\text{in vivo}$ and $\text{in vitro}$, the electron flow from dichlorophenolindophenol to methyl-viologen was coupled to phosphorylation as observed by an increase in the electron transport rate on the addition of uncouplers. Analysis of polypeptide profiles of the greening plastids $\text{in vitro}$ showed the disappearance of many higher molecular weight proteins during greening. Polypeptides of molecular weight 32, 20.5, 19.5 K absent in etioplasts appeared as distinct bands after 4 h of greening $\text{in vitro}$.