黄化油菜突变体Cr3529子叶类囊体膜光谱性质研究

以发育10d的黄化油菜突变体为材料,分析了突变体油菜子叶类囊体膜的色素含量、室温吸收光谱、叶绿素荧光发射和激发光谱以及蛋白内源荧光光谱的变化。数据显示：与野生型相比,突变体油菜子叶类囊体膜的光合色素Chl α和Chl b含量均减少．但Chl α／b比值升高;突变体油菜子叶类囊体膜叶绿素捕光能力和受激发能力均下降,且较依赖于Chl α捕光并将光能激发传递给PSⅡ反应中心;突变体油菜子叶类囊体膜的蛋白内源荧光也明显异于野生型。进一步表明突变体油菜子叶类囊体膜蛋白组成发生了改变。     

水稻几丁质酶基因导入芥菜型油菜的研究

以芥菜型油菜 (BrassicajunceaL .)下胚轴为转化材料 ,通过根癌农杆菌 (Agrobacteriumtumefaciens)介导将水稻的几丁质酶基因 (Ricechitinasegene)导入“泸洲四陵”油菜品种中 ,获得抗潮霉素的再生转基因植株 ,并讨论了影响油菜再生及转化效率的几个因素。对部分经潮霉素筛选得到的再生植株进行了多次重复PCR检测 ,发现其中 40 %以上的潮霉素抗性植株均表现出较强的阳性反应 ,初步证明几丁质酶基因已整合到油菜细胞核基因组中。     

德国油菜高油酸育种情况(英文)

德国近年来油菜高油酸育种的一些情况,其中包括高油酸育种的意义,育种方法,高油酸突变体的遗传特点,高油酸-低亚麻酸育种的可能性和高油酸油菜的应用前景等,对于我国育种新技术的改进、改良和创新研究有一定的意义.     

The Formation of Artificial Nitrogen-Fixing Symbioses with Rape (Brassica napusvar. napus) Plants in Nonsterile Soil

The treatment of rape plants grown in nonsterile soil with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (auxin-like growth-promoting substance) or their inoculation with the bacterial association Micrococcussp. + Rhodococcussp. and/or with the mixed nitrogen-fixing culture Azotobacter nigricans+ Bacillussp. led to the formation of paranodules on the rape roots. The introduced bacteria were detected both in the intercellular space and inside the cells of the paranodules and the rape roots. The nitrogen-fixing activity of the paranodulated plants was two times higher than that of the inoculated plants lacking paranodules and five times higher than that of the control (i.e., not inoculated) plants. The paranodulation led to a 40% increase in the crop yield of rape plants and provided for a statistically significant increase in the total nitrogen as well as protein nitrogen contents of the plants.     

Inheritance of microspore embryogenic ability in Brassica crops

Inheritance of microspore embryogenic ability in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) was examined by 4 × 4 diallel crosses using cultivars showing a different response. In both species, embryo yields of most F₁ hybrids were similar to, or over, the high responsive parent and some F₁s showed intermediate embryo yields between their parents. Diallel analysis showed that both additive and dominant effects were significant at the 1% level for the genetic control of microspore embryogenic ability in both species. Dominant genes had positive effects on microspore embryogenesis. In oilseed rape, the additive effects were important, while in Chinese cabbage the dominant effects were largely contributed. The broad- and narrow-sense heritabilities were 0.972 and 0.811 in oilseed rape, and 0.959 and 0.659 in Chinese cabbage, respectively. From the results of the segregation of embryo yields in the F₂ population of ’Lisandra’×’Kamikita’, it is considered that the microspore embryogenic ability is controlled by two loci with additive effects in oilseed rape. Received: 6 September 2000 / Accepted: 24 November 2000     

Species-specific differences in oak foliage affect preference and performance of gypsy moth caterpillars

Laboratory feeding experiments using two transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rape cultivars (Bt‐Westar and Bt‐Oscar) both expressing the Cry1Ac protein, and the corresponding untransformed lines, were carried out to study the effects of transgenic Bt rape on the non‐target herbivore Athalia rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Furthermore, Cry1Ac protein concentration in Bt rape leaves, A. rosae larvae fed Bt rape, their faeces, eonymph instars, pupae, and adults were quantified using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There were no significant differences in mortality, larval development, and weight between transgenic Bt rape and non‐transgenic rape fed A. rosae. Additionally, we did not detect any significant differences in the fecundity and fertility of adult females either fed as larvae with transgenic Bt or with non‐transgenic rape. However, results of the ELISA indicated that Cry1Ac protein was detectable in larvae and faeces (Bt‐Westar 1.1 ± 0.2 and Bt‐Oscar 0.3 ± 0.2 µg Cry1Ac protein/g fresh weight) although this was less than in the leaf material, where concentrations were 2.2 ± 0.8 µg Cry1Ac protein/g fresh weight for Bt‐Westar and 7.5 ± 2.9 µg Cry1Ac protein/g fresh weight in Bt‐Oscar. In contrast, Cry1Ac protein could not be detected in eonymphs, pupae, or adults of A. rosae. Our results suggest that Cry1Ac protein in Bt rape does not have a significant effect on the herbivore A. rosae but the protein is still detectable after ingestion and excretion by these herbivores, thus providing the possibility of exposure to organisms other than herbivores.     

定点整合抗虫基因到油菜叶绿体基因组并获得转基因植株

以基因枪法进行了油菜叶绿体基因组的定点转化,载体pNRAB携带抗壮观霉素的筛选标记基因aadA和抗虫基因cry1Aα10,基因的两侧被添加了可用于同源重组的叶绿体DNA序列,基因枪轰击过的油菜子叶柄经植株再生和壮观霉素筛选,获得了36株抗性植株,PCR检测和Southern杂交显示,其中4株的叶绿体基因组已被转化,外源基因已被定点整合进叶绿体基因组的rps7和ndhB基因之间。用转基因植株的叶片饲喂二龄小菜蛾,1周后幼虫死亡率达33%-47%,存活幼虫的生长明显减慢,转基因油菜的叶片受害较轻。     

Kinetics of 14C-labelled sucrose, myo-inositol and phosphatidylcholine uptake during induction and differentiation in Brassica napus callus culture

The uptake rate of ¹⁴C-labelled sucrose, myo-inositol and PC was studied in callus cultures of two oilseed rape cultivars, characterized by different in vitro regeneration ability. Transfer of calli onto regeneration stimulating medium resulted in changes of examined substances uptake rate, which were depended on tissue morphogenic potential. Non-regenerating calli of both cultivars increased uptake rate of sucrose whereas changes in incorporation of other compounds were under genome control. Significant increase of uptake rate of all tested compounds was observed as result of organogenesis initiation. Such differences, in the responses of organogenic and non-organogenic tissue indicate that this parameter could be useful as marker of organogenesis A correlation was observed between the rate of sucrose uptake and its concentration in the medium, which suggests an advantage to passive transport through the callus cell membrane. Lack of such correlation in the case of other labels indicates that this processes are selective and under cell control.     

Changes in the composition of fatty acids and sterols of membrane lipids during induction and differentiation of Brassica napus (var. oleifera L.) callus

Changes in the membrane lipid and sterols content and composition were studied during induction and differentiation in callus cultures of Brassica napus var. oleifera. Callus induction was associated with an increase of DGDG content, significant changes in fatty acids composition of all lipid fractions and increased degree of lipid unsaturation. The membrane lipid composition of tissue at different degrees of differentiation was found to vary significantly, particularly two weeks after transfer of callus to regeneration medium. The main differences concerned the content and composition of galactolipids. Curiously in many cases, these differences declined during subsequent culture, in spite of the morphogenesis process which was in progress. Another result of differentiation was the change in free sterol composition: in shoot regenerating calli the content of stigmasterol had rose whereas the accumulation of campesterol decreased. Even though observed changes in membrane properties may not play a role in morphogenesis they are nevertheless useful as developmental markers and can be invaluable in understanding biochemical basis of morphogenesis.     

Deposition and longevity of oviposition-deterring pheromone in the cabbage seed weevil

Abstract The cabbage seed weevil ( Ceutorhynchus assimilis Payk.) lays eggs singly into pods of oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.) through punctures bored with the mouthparts, preferring pods not recently used for oviposition. A simple new choice test has been used to test individual components of egg-laying behaviour for their effect on oviposition site selection. It is confirmed that an oviposition-deterring pheromone (ODP) is deposited during abdomen brushing of the pod which follows egg-laying. Neither pin punctures, weevil feeding punctures, oviposition punctures nor eggs had any deterrent effect. Pods walked on by female weevils were not avoided by those laying eggs. Observations suggest that the ODP is sensed by contact chemoreceptors on the antennae. The deterrent effect lasted only 1–2 h. The implications of these findings on the adaptive significance of the pheromone and its possible use in pest control are discussed.