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61.
Phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil: part I. Dissipation of target contaminants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Phytoremediation has been demonstrated to be a viable cleanup alternative for soils contaminated with petroleum products. This study evaluated the application of phytoremediation to soil from a manufactured gas plant (MGP) site with high concentrations of recalcitrant, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Two greenhouse studies investigated the potential dissipation and plant translocation of PAHs by fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) in the first experiment and zucchini (Curcubita pepo Raven) in the second. The MGP soil was highly hydrophobic and initially inhibited plant growth. Two unplanted controls were established with and without fertilization. In the first experiment, concentrations of PAHs decreased significantly in all treatments after 12 mo. Plant biomass and microbial numbers were statistically equivalent among plant species. PAH concentrations in plant biomass were negligible for fescue and switchgrass. In the second experiment, zucchini enhanced the dissipation of several PAHs after 90 d of treatment when compared to the unvegetated soil. Plant tissue concentrations of PAHs were not elevated in the zucchini roots and shoots, and PAHs were not detectable in the fruit. 相似文献
62.
The promotion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation was demonstrated in the rhizosphere of Festuca arundinacea with Pseudomonas fluorescens. P. fluorescens 5RL more significantly interacted with salicylate and dextrose in the agar containing tall fescue than agar without plant roots. Although the presence of tall fescue did not promote catabolic enzyme induction in the absence of salicylate, an increase in dioxygenase activity relative to no plant controls implies that this plant may enhance the degradation of PAHs or facilitate the genotypes that are capable of transforming PAH in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
63.
Cofield N Schwab AP Williams P Banks MK 《International journal of phytoremediation》2007,9(5):371-384
Several biological assays were used to evaluate the toxic effects of contaminants in soil after phytoremediation. During the treatment process, significant decreases in overall toxicity were observed. Specifically, earthworm survivability and lettuce germination increased over the study period. Microbial respiration improved, but only in planted treatments. Toxicity and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations showed some correlation, but the relationships generally were not significant. Soil moisture was less of a predictor for biological responses. The presence of plants did not provide a clear advantage for improving toxicity compared to unplanted treatments. 相似文献
64.
Chiemchaisri W Chiemchaisri C Dumrongsukit C Threedeach S Ngo HH Vigneswaran S 《Bioresource technology》2011,102(9):5438-5443
Floating plastic media pre-filter (PP) in combination with microfiltration membrane (MF) was applied to the removal of water-borne microorganism from surface water. The system was operated with and without coagulant addition. Jar-test results suggested that alum and polyaluminum chloride could effectively remove turbidity, fecal coliforms (FC) and algae at their optimum doses. Nevertheless, none of those coagulants could accomplish high coliphage (CP) removal. Microorganism removal in the system was increasing along with time in the PP unit operated at 5-m3/m2/h filtration rate but opposite trend was observed at higher filtration rates (10-15 m3/m2/h). Different coagulant types and filtration rates employed in the PP unit also affected microorganism removal in MF unit. The operation of PP unit at a filtration rate of 15 m3/m2/h and MF unit at a filtration rate of 0.6 m3/m2/d could achieve satisfactory turbidity and overall microorganism removal. 相似文献
65.
The main goal of this research was to investigate how different factors influence membrane fouling. The impact of the different concentrations of activated sludge and the amount of extracellular polymer substances (EPS) were monitored. Two pilot plants with submerged membrane modules (hollow fiber and flat sheet) were operated and the raw wastewater was used.Humic substances were identified as the major components of EPS in the activated sludge (more than 34%) in both pilot plants. As the basic constituent in permeate, humic substances were identified as the most dominant components in the effluent (61%) in both pilot plants. Conversely, proteins were mostly analyzed in permeate and supernatant below the detection limit. The total amount of EPS [mg g−1 (VSS)] was similar for concentrations of activated sludge 6, 10 and 14 g L−1. Carbohydrates were identified as the component of EPS which tends most to clog membranes. 相似文献
66.
Both autoclaving and dry-heat treatments were applied to dairy manure-based compost to achieve target populations of indigenous microorganisms. A 3 strain-mixture of Escherichia coli O157:H7 of ca. 2 log CFU/g was inoculated into acclimated autoclaved compost (AAC) and dry heat-treated compost (DHTC) with different moistures, and stored at 8, 22, or 30 °C. Only selected groups of microorganisms grew in AAC during acclimation, whereas the relative ratio of each group of microorganisms was maintained in DHTC after heat treatment. E. coli O157:H7 grew more in AAC than DHTC in the presence of same level of indigenous mesophiles. However, control compost (no heat treatment) did not support E. coli O157:H7 growth. Our results revealed that both the type and population of indigenous microorganisms is critical for suppressing E. coli O157:H7 growth in compost, and dry-heat treatment can result in a compost product which resembles cured compost with different levels of indigenous microorganisms. 相似文献
67.
基于城市土地利用类型的地表温度与植被指数的关系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以沈阳市三环作为研究区域,基于QuickBird、Landsat/TM遥感影像和GIS空间分析技术,获取城市土地利用信息,陆地表面温度(LST)以及归一化植被指数(NDVI),定量分析了LST与NDVI在不同城市土地利用类型之间的差异及空间关系.结果表明:LST和NDVI具有明显相反的变化趋势,城市不同土地利用类型的LST与NDVI平均值也具有显著的差异性;多重比较发现,LST和NDVI在两两土地利用类型之间的差异不同;LST与NDVI相关性的显著程度受空间尺度的影响,LST与NDVI的相关性随空间尺度变化呈现出先增加后降低再逐渐增加的趋势.研究结果可为城市规划以及城市绿地系统规划中缓解城市热岛效应提供科学依据. 相似文献
68.
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70.
Gabriele Alfano Giuseppe Lustrato Giuseppe Lima Domenico Vitullo Giancarlo Ranalli 《Biological Control》2011,58(3):199-207
Despite its proven agronomic value, the plant disease suppressive effect of composts from olive waste has not been adequately investigated. In the present study, the disease suppressive potential of two olive waste (OW) composts against soil-borne plant pathogens was investigated. Both OW composts showed sizeable, active microbial populations, which were able to grow actively on chitin and cellulose. In plate inhibition trials, OW compost water extracts (CWEs) exerted a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of the pathogens Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol), Pythium ultimum, Phytophtora infestans, Sclerotina sclerotiorum and Verticillium dahliae; and in pot experiments, the OW composts significantly reduced P. ultimum damping-off and Fol wilt diseases on tomato seedlings. The disease suppressive effect of OW composts seems to be due to the combined effects of suppression phenomena caused by the presence of microorganisms competing for both nutrients and space as well as by the activity of specific antagonistic microorganisms. 相似文献