Natural occurrence of Beauveria bassiana in Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations in unsprayed coffee fields

Three unsprayed coffee farms (farm 1, 2 and 3) were studied for the natural occurrence of the insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in Hypothenemus hampei populations throughout the rainy season of 2004 (July-November) and 2005 (July-December). B. bassiana infections were found during most sampling dates in both years, on all three farms. The B. bassiana infection levels were higher in 2005 than in 2004 with mean prevalence of 12.1% and 2.7%, respectively. No consistent significant differences in infection level between farms were found in any of the years. B. bassiana infection levels fluctuated widely throughout the season, and peaked at 13.5% on farm 3 in 2004 and at 44.0% on farm 1 in 2005. The H. hampei population was significantly higher in 2004 than in 2005, with 6.9% of the berries infested in 2004 and only 0.7% in 2005. In both years, the H. hampei infestation level was significantly higher on farm 2. No consistent significant differences in H. hampei infestation levels were found between sampling dates on any of the farms. H. hampei infestation levels fluctuated throughout both seasons, and peaked at 15.3% on farm 2 in 2004 and 2.2% on farm 2 in 2005. No consistent density dependent correlation between H. hampei infestation level and B. bassiana infection level was found. Correlations between climatic conditions and B. bassiana or H. hampei were not found.     

Species composition and life histories of shelter-building caterpillars on Salix miyabeana

We studied the species composition and life history patterns of shelter‐building microlepidoptera on the willow Salix miyabeana in Hokkaido, northern Japan. We identified 23 microlepidopteran species across seven families that constructed leaf shelters. Species in Tortricidae and Pyralidae comprised approximately 90% of the total number of sampled shelter‐building microlepidoptera that reached adult eclosion in the laboratory. Seasonal changes in the density of leaf shelters showed two peaks: early June and mid‐August. In June, caterpillars of Gypsonoma bifasciata, Gypsonoma ephoropa, Acleris issikii and Saliciphage acharis were the principal shelter builders, while in August shelters were constructed primarily by caterpillars of Nephopterix adelphella, A. issikii and S. acharis. Approximately 90% of leaf shelters were constructed on the top portions of shoots, suggesting that most shelter‐building caterpillars prefer to build leaf shelters here.     

性诱剂在蔬菜害虫测报上的应用

小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾是松阳县蔬菜上的主要害虫。作者于 2 0 0 2年将性诱剂应用在蔬菜害虫测报上 ,结果表明 ,该测报方法具有准确度高、省工、省时等优点。     

Frequency of occurrence of mangrove fungi from the east coast of India

This paper describes the frequency of occurrence and biodiversity of fungi from mangroves of the Godavari and Krishna deltas, on the east coast of India. Seventy three species were identified from Godavari and 67 from the Krishna mangroves. Fifty five species were common to both sites, 18 were found only at Godavari and 12 at Krishna mangroves. Verruculina enaliawas found to be very frequent at both sites with a higher frequency of occurrence at Godavari. Eutypa bathurstensis was very frequent at Godavari but only frequent at Krishna. Cirrenalia pygmea and Cryptosphaeria mangrovei were frequent at the Godavari mangrove, but were recorded occasionally at Krishna. Decaying samples of Rhizophora and Avicennia were studied in detail. Forty three species were common to both hosts, while 22 species were recorded only from Avicennia and 20 only from Rhizophora. Verruculina enalia was the only very frequent fungus recorded on both hosts with a lower percentage occurrence (14.8%) on R. apiculata as compared to Avicennia spp. (24.3%). Eutypa bathurstensis was the next most frequent fungus on Avicennia, while Rhizophila marina was next most frequent on Rhizophora. Dactylospora haliotrepha which was recorded frequently on Rhizophorawas infrequent on Avicennia.     

上海地区草坪害虫的发生为害初步调查

据作者初步调查 ,2种草坪害虫 :稻切叶野螟Psaralicarsisalis (Walker)和灰翅夜蛾Spodopteramauritia (Boisduval)在上海均以幼虫在土下越冬 ,1年发生 5代 ,后期存在世代重叠现象。灰翅夜蛾虫口密度一直到 7月份都较低 ,8月份虫口密度上升很快 ,所以在上海地区第 3 ,4代幼虫为害最严重 ;稻切叶野螟的幼虫发生期比灰翅夜蛾迟 1 0d左右 ,以 9～ 1 0月份虫口密度最高。在矮生百幕达草坪中稻切叶野螟虫口密度明显高于灰翅夜蛾 ;而在高羊茅、黑麦草等草坪中灰翅夜蛾的虫口密度则远远高于稻切叶野螟。     

应用马尔可夫链法预测晚稻稻飞虱发生程度

根据化州市 1 979～ 1 999年 2 1年晚稻稻飞虱主害代发生程度的时间序列资料 ,应用马尔可夫链预测法对该市 2 0 0 0年和 2 0 0 1年稻飞虱发生程度进行了预测 ,结果与大田实际发生情况完全一致。对1 985～ 1 999年的历史资料进行回检 ,符合率为 96.7%,可对晚稻稻飞虱的发生程度进行超长期预测。     

南美斑潜蝇在昭阳区烤烟上的发生及防治

南美斑潜蝇Liriomyza huidobrensis每年4～8月在云南省昭通市昭阳区的烤烟生育期间发生5～6代,世代重叠,4月上旬为始发期,5月中旬至6月上旬为发生高峰期。完成1代的历期为18～34d;该虫对各种烟乡(镇)的危害属轻度发生,年发生面积1500～3000hm^2,集中危害烟株下部的1～4个叶位叶片。同时提出了南美斑潜蝇的综合防治技术。     

甜菜夜蛾发生规律及其防治研究

甜菜夜蛾在福建漳州龙海每年发生9－10年,3月中下旬开始发生,4－10月份是该虫为害农作物的严重时期,其中8－9月份为全年发生危害的高峰期,通过田间药效试验,评价了不同类型的12种杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾的防治效果,结果表明,除尽,菜喜以及米满对田间甜菜夜蛾具有较好的防效,锐颈特,杀虫单,敌杀死等药剂对田间甜菜夜蛾几乎失去防效。     

Soil Microfungi in Two Post-Mining Chronosequences with Different Vegetation Types

Soil microfungi were studied in the Sokolov (Czech Republic) post‐mining dumps afforested with Alnus glutinosa and in the Lusatian (Germany) post‐mining dumps afforested with Pinus sylvestris or P. nigra. Microfungi were isolated using the soil dilution plate method. Soil microfungi communities of two chronosequences were compared by species composition, frequency of species occurrence, and colony forming units of fungi (CFU‐counts). Differences in species occurrence were determined. More species of entomopathogenic microfungi were found from the Sokolov post‐mining area in comparison with the Cottbus post‐mining area. Absidia glauca, A. cylindrospora, Penicillium glabrum, and P. janthinellum were the most frequently isolated species from the Cottbus post‐mining area, while A. glauca, Geomyces pannorum, and Trichoderma koningii predominated at the Sokolov post‐mining area.