棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒3个bro基因的原核表达与抗体制备

根据棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒(HaSNPV)基因组全序列,设计引物,用PCR的方法扩增得到bro-a、bro-b和bro-c三个全长基因.将这三个基因的片段分别克隆至原核表达载体pProExHTb,经IPTG诱导,在E.coli DH50菌株中得到了目的基因的高效表达.表达的目的蛋白大小分别为32kDa、64kDa和58kDa,经SDS-PAGE分离纯化,免疫新西兰大白兔制备了多克隆抗体.抗体经12500倍稀释后用于WestemBlot分析,获得特异性显色信号,所制备的三种抗体适合用作bro基因的功能的进一步研究.     

棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒3个bro基因的原核表达与抗体制备

根据棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒(HasNPV)基因组全序列,设计引物,用PCR的方法扩增得到bro-a、bro-b和bro-c三个全长基因。将这三个基因的片段分别克隆至原核表达载体pProExHTb,经IFTG诱导,在E．coliDH50菌株中得到了目的基因的高效表达。表达的目的蛋白大小分别为32kDa、64kDa和58kDa,经SDS-PAGE分离纯化,免疫新西兰大白兔制备了多克隆抗体。抗体经1：2500倍稀释后用于Westem Blot分析,获得特异性显色信号,所制备的三种抗体适合用作bro基因的功能的进一步研究。     

Occurrence and characterization of a nucleopolyhedrovirus from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Maruca vitrata</Emphasis> (Lepidoptera,Pyralidae) isolated in Taiwan

A nucleopolyhedrovirus (MaviMNPV) was isolated from diseased larvae of legume pod borer (LPB), Maruca vitrata, at Tainan in Taiwan. Electron microscopical studies on the ultrastructure of MaviMNPV occlusion bodies (OBs) showed several virions (up to 19) with multiple nucleocapsids (up to 6) packaged within a single viral envelope. The diameter of OBs was 0.9 to 1.3 μm with a mean of 1.152±0.116 μm. The complete sequence of the MaviMNPV polyhedrin (Polh) gene contained 735 nucleotides (GenBank accession number DQ399596). Phylogenetic analyses using the complete sequence of the Polh gene of MaviMNPV indicated that this virus clusters with Group I NPVs. The genome size of MaviMNPV estimated with restriction enzymes viz., HindIII, EcoRI, BglII and PstI was 113.41 ± 1.50 kbp. First instar LPB larvae were the most susceptible stage (LC₅₀ 2.053 × 10² OBs/ml) followed by second, third and fourth instars with the median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀s) 1.410 × 10³, 2.390 × 10³ and 2.636 × 10³ OBs/ml, respectively. This is the first record of this virus from this region. The first and second authors have equal contributions in this paper     

WHS3菌株产几丁质酶对棉铃虫HaSNPV的增效作用

WHS3（Serratia marcescens）菌是一株几丁质酶的高产菌株,在诱导培养基中几丁质酶的产量可达84.4μg/mL。通过对中国棉铃虫进行的生物测定有明：WHS3菌所产的几丁质酶（A3）能有效地提高HaSNPV的毒力20%-70%,LT50、LT90比对照组缩短天数量高可达1.1、1.3d。     

Host mediated selection of pathogen genotypes as a mechanism for the maintenance of baculovirus diversity in the field

The genetic diversity of many DNA virus populations in nature is unknown, but for those that have been studied it has been found to be relatively high. This is particularly true for baculoviruses, a family of large double-stranded DNA viruses that infect the larval stages of insects. Why there should be such heterogeneity within these virus populations is puzzling and what sustains it is still unknown. It has long been recognized that some baculoviruses have a relatively wide host range, but the effect of different host species on the genotypic structure of a baculovirus population has received little attention. We provide evidence that infection of different insect species can influence the genetic diversity of a Panolis flammea nucleopolyhedrovirus (PaflNPV) population, isolated from the pine beauty moth. Variable regions of the PaflNPV genome were sequenced and novel ORFs were identified on each of the enlarged fragments. The roles of these orfs and the implications of their presence or absence within different genotypes are discussed. The variable fragments were also labelled with 32P and used as polymorphic genetic markers of genotype abundance. The proportion of polymorphic loci changed after passage in different insect species and this varied among species, suggesting a role for host selection of pathogen genotypes in the field as a mechanism for maintaining genetic diversity. These results have wide-ranging implications for understanding the ecology of insect-virus interactions in the natural environment and the evolution of baculovirus life history strategies.     

The compatibility of a nucleopolyhedrosis virus control with resistance management for Bacillus thuringiensis: co-infection and cross-resistance studies with the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella

The use of genetically modified crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins can lead to the reduction in application of broad-spectrum pesticides and an increased opportunity for supplementary biological control. Bt microbial sprays are also used by organic growers or as part of integrated pest management programs that rely on the use of natural enemies. In both applications the evolution of resistance to Bt toxins is a potential problem. Natural enemies (pathogens or insects) acting in combination with toxins can accelerate or decelerate the evolution of resistance to Bt. In the present study we investigated whether the use of a nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) could potentially affect the evolution of resistance to the Bt toxin Cry1Ac in Plutella xylostella. At low toxin doses there was evidence for antagonistic interactions between AcMNPV and Cry1Ac resistant and susceptible insects. However, this antagonism was much stronger and more widespread for susceptible larvae; interactions were generally not distinguishable from additive for resistant larvae. Selection for resistance to Cry1Ac in two populations of P. xylostella with differing resistance mechanisms did not produce any correlated changes in resistance to AcMNPV. Stronger antagonistic interactions between Bt and AcMNPV on susceptible rather than resistant larvae can decrease the relative fitness between Bt-resistant and susceptible larvae. These interactions and the lack of cross-resistance between virus and toxin suggest that the use of NPV is compatible with resistance management to Bt products.     

WHS3菌株产几丁质酶对棉铃虫HaSNPV的增效作用

WHS3 (Serratia marcescens)菌是一株几丁质酶的高产菌株,在诱导培养基中几丁质 酶的产量可达84.4μg/mL.通过对中国棉铃虫进行的生物测定表明WHS3菌所产的几丁质酶 (A3)能有效地提高HaSNPV的毒力20%～70%, LT50、LT90比对照组缩短天数最高可达1.1d、1.3d.     

Cell lines from diamondback moth exhibiting differential susceptibility to baculovirus infection and expressing midgut genes

Abstract Six new cell lines were established from embryonic tissues of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). The cell lines showed differential characteristics, including growth in attachment or in suspension, susceptibility to a baculovirus infection and expression of genes involved in the glucosinolate detoxification pathway in R xylostella larvae. Five of the cell lines grew attached to the culture flask and one cell line grew unattached as a suspension cell line. The cell lines had population doubling times ranging from IS to 23 h. Among five of the P. xylostella cell lines examined for infection of a nucleopolyhe. drovirus from Autographa californica, AcMNPV four cell lines were highly susceptible to AcMNPV infection, but one was only semi-permissive to AcMNPV infection. The production of two recombinant proteins, a β-galactosidase of bacterial origin and a secreted alkaline phosphatase of eukaryotic origin, in the R xylostella cell lines was examined in comparison with that in the cell line Sf9 which is commonly used for recombinant protein production. In the P. xylostella cell lines, expression of three important midgut genes involved in the glucosinolate detoxification pathway, including the glucosinolate sulfatase genes GSS1 and GSS2 and the sulfatase modifying factor gene SUMF1、was detected. The R xylostella cell lines developed in this study could be useful in in vitro research systems for studying insec-virus interactions and complex molecular mechanisms in glucosinolate detoxification and insect-plant interactions.     

灰茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒对灰茶尺蠖的致病性研究

采取室内毒力测定和田间防效调查相结合的方法,对灰茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒(Ectropis grisescensnucleopolyhedrovir-us)的致病力进行了研究。毒力测定结果表明,该病毒对2龄灰茶尺蠖幼虫的剂量对数-死亡机率值回归方程为y=-0.8774 0.9498x,LC50=1.5417×106PIB.mL-1;田间用浓度为1×107、1.5×107和2×107PIB.mL-1的EgNPV防治灰茶尺蠖,防效分别达58.81%、89.51%和94.81%。     

C型斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒X17病毒株部分基因的序列分析

斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（Spodoptera litura multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhdrovirus, SpltMNPV）X₁₇株是采用活体克隆法自SpltMNPV日本小笠原株分离的病毒克隆。为了揭示X₁₇病毒株基因型, 根据已发表的SpltMNPVⅡ基因组全序列（GenBank登录号： NC_011616）设计引物, PCR扩增多角体蛋白基因（polh）, 并与SpltMNPV不同基因型及37种其他核型多角体病毒（NPV）作分子进化比较。系统发育树显示： SpltMNPV分为SpliNPV（A）型、 SpltMNPV（B）型和SeMNPV（C）型3种基因型, 此结果与前人利用基因组酶切图谱的研究结果一致。X₁₇与SpltMNPV-1和SpltMNPVⅡ处于一个分支, 属于SeMNPV（C）基因型, 与A型和B型相距较远。此外, 扩增了X₁₇病毒基因38.7kD,Lef-1,Lef-9,fp,p10和p74, 并与SpltMNPV, SpltMNPVⅡ, SeMNPV和SfNPV的同种基因进行同源性比较。结果表明, 基于这6个ORF, X₁₇与SpltMNPV同源性最低, 其中Lef 9的氨基酸序列一致性最高, 也仅为69%, 38.7kD的氨基酸序列一致性只为26%。多数基因X17与SpltMNPVⅡ和SeMNPV的同源性较高, 其中fp25K的氨基酸序列一致性最高, 分别达95%和96%; 但也有些基因同源性较低, 如38.7kD的氨基酸序列一致性均为64%。因此, X₁₇应是SpltMNPV C基因型的一种新毒株, 命名为SpltMNPVⅡ-1。该研究为X₁₇病毒株的进一步研究利用奠定基础。