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51.
Yasuhisa Kunimi James R. Fuxa Bruce D. Hammock 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1996,81(3):251-257
Virus replication and polyhedra production of two polyhedron-positive recombinant nuclear polyhedrosis viruses of Autographa californica, AcJHE.KK and AcAaIT which encode juvenile hormone esterase and scorpion toxin, respectively, were compared with those of a plaque purified wild-type nuclear polyhedrosis virus, AcMNPV-C6, in Trichoplusia ni larvae. Though average times required to kill the T. ni larvae increased with the age of the larvae, killing time by either recombinant virus was significantly shorter than that by wild-type virus. Killing time was reduced ca. 30% for AcAaIT-infected larvae and 5 to 8% for AcJHE.KK-infected larvae as compared to that for AcMNPV-C6-infected larvae. The average weight of larvae infected with AcAaIT was significantly lower than that of larvae infected with AcJHE.KK and AcMNPV-C6. The mean numbers of polyhedra produced in each larva inoculated with AcAaIT and AcJHE.KK were ca. 20% and 60%, respectively, of those for AcMNPV-C6. Total virus titers in AcMNPV-C6-infected larvae were significantly higher than those in AcJHE.KK- and AcAaIT-infected larvae until 2 days post infection. 相似文献
52.
Matrix attachment regions (MARs) are thought to participate in the organization and segregation of independent chromosomal loop domains. Although there are several reports on the action of MARs in the context of heterologous genes, information is more limited on the role of MARs associated with plant genes. Transgenic studies suggest that the upstream, intron and downstream regions of the developmentally regulated heat shock cognate 80 gene (HSC80) of tomato participate in chromatin organization. In this study, we tested the in vitro affinity of the HSC80 gene to chromosomal scaffolds prepared from shoot apices of tomato. We found that a 1.5 kb upstream region and a 1.4 kb downstream region, but not the intron region, are MARs. These MARs interact with tomato and pea scaffolds and bind regardless of the expression status of HSC80 in the tissue from which the nuclei were isolated. Comparison to two known yeast MARs ARS1 and CENIII, showed that the HSC80 5MAR binds more avidly to tomato scaffolds than ARS1, while no binding of CENIII was observed. Competition binding between the two HSC80 MARs indicated that the 5 MAR can outcompete the 3 MAR and not vice versa. Last, we observed that the interaction of the 3 MAR with the scaffold could result in an electrophoretic mobility shift resistant to SDS, protease, and phenol treatment. In conclusion, MARs whose binding properties can be clearly differentiated are closely flanking the HSC80 gene. The discovery of MARs in regions which have a distinct function in HSC80 transgenes but not in transient expression assays, is consistent with a chromosomal scaffold role in HSC80 gene regulation. 相似文献
53.
54.
MANUEL SÁNCHEZ-MORENO CARMEN FERNANDEZ-BECERRA EMILIO ENTRALA FRED R. OPPERDOES MICHEL DOLLET ANTONIO OSUNA 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》1995,42(3):314-320
ABSTRACT. We describe the in vitro culture of Phytomonas species isolated from Euphorbia characias . The best choice between tested media was SDM-79, in which promastigotes, after 6 days of culture, reached cell densities as high as 4 × 107 cells/ml. Cells growing in LIT or MTL medium showed longer division times and lower cell densities. We succeeded in obtaining Phytomonas sp. amastigote and spheromastigote forms in modified GRACE's medium, yielding transformation rates of up to 70%. Electron microscopy studies were performed in order to characterize the ultrastructural features of these forms obtained in vitro. On the other hand, metabolic studies based on qualitative (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and quantitative metabolic methods (enzymatic assays) showed that promastigote forms secreted mainly ethanol, acetate, glycine, glycerol, piruvate and succinate in SDM-79 medium, whereas the major metabolites found after transformation in modified Grace's medium were ethanol, acetate, glycine, piruvate and smaller amounts of glycerol. 相似文献
55.
Giuliano Callaini Maria Giovanna Riparbelli Marcella Cintorino Sergio Antonio Tripodi Giorgio Bianciardi Piero Tosi Romano Dallai 《Biology of the cell / under the auspices of the European Cell Biology Organization》1994,81(1):39-45
Summary— Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy indicated that the antibody raised against the nuclear antigen Ki-67 of mammalian cells recognized antigenic determinants of early Drosophila embryos, localized on the outside of the nuclear envelope. Hence, the nuclear envelope of Drosophila appears to share a similar epitope with the chromosome scaffold of mitotic mammalian cells. With the progression of mitosis the antigen persisted around the mitotic spindle region and was also found in the pole regions at metaphase and anaphase. The antibody also stained the equatorial regions of the spindles from anaphase to late telophase. The antibody may therefore be used as a biochemical marker of the nuclear envelope for studying nuclear membrane biogenesis and behavior during the mitotic divisions of the Drosophila embryo. 相似文献
56.
Spartaco Santi Silvia Rubbini Caterina Cinti Stefano Squarzoni Alessandro Matteucci Elisabetta Caramelli Lia Guidotti Nadir M. Maraldi 《Biology of the cell / under the auspices of the European Cell Biology Organization》1994,81(1):47-57
Summary— In the sperm nuclei the DNA is packaged into a highly condensed form and is not organized into nucleosome and solenoid but is bound and stabilized mainly by the protamines that arrange the DNA in an almost crystalline state. As demonstrated for somatic cells, the sperm DNA has been reported to be organized in loop domains attached to the nuclear matrix structures. However, the possible role of the sperm head matrix in maintaining the loop organization in absence of a typical nucleosomal structures has not been fully elucidated. By using in situ nick translation at confocal and electron microscope level, we analyzed the organization of the DNAprotamine complex and its association with the sperm nuclear matrix. The data obtained indicate that the chromatin organization in sperm nuclei is maintained during the sperm condensation by means of interactions with the nuclear matrix at fixed sites. The fine stucture of sperm nucleus and of sperm nuclear matrix, investigated on sections and replicas of freeze-fractured specimens, suggests that the lamellar array, observed by freeze-fracturing in the sperm nuclei, could depend on the inner matrix which presents a regular organization of globular structures possibly involved in the maintenance of chromatin domains in highly condensed sperm nuclei also. 相似文献
57.
金钱松(属)的细胞分类学研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
我国特有植物金钱松Pseudolarixamabills的体细胞染色体数目为2n=44,不同于n=12(Miyake&Yasui,1911)和2n=24(Dunieu-Vabre,1961)的结果。核型公式为K(2n)=44=4sm+40t)4SC)属3B类型,与K(n)=22=2m+20t(Sax&Sax,1933)和K(2n)=44=4sm+40t(Hizume1988)有差异。染色体相对长度组成为=44=4L+12M_2+26M_1+2S。金钦松(属)不仅在染色体数目(2n=44)和核型(具20对端着丝粒染色体)而且它的一些形态、解剖学和植化性状与所有松科其它各属不同。另外,它的一系列形态、解剖、孢粉、生化、植化和古植物学特征显然表明把该属与落叶松属、雪松属一起组成落叶松亚科是不适宜的。因此似乎有理由把金钱松从该亚科分出并建立一个单型的金钱松新亚科。本文还对金钱松(属)核型可能由近缘的铁杉属起源和进化而来作了讨论。 相似文献
58.
59.
The monoclonal antibody PC10 raised against the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was used to study acinar cell replication in the pancreas of rats under different functional conditions. In Western blots, the antibody recognized a single band of 37 kDa in pancreatic homogenates indicating its specificity in this particular species and organ. Three conditions of growth were chosen for immunohistochemical analysis: pancreatic preand postnatal development, pancreatic regeneration after injury, and cholecystokinin-stimulated acinar cell proliferation. The time course of acinar cell replication under each condition was the same as that obtained after tritiated thymidine incorporation with subsequent autoradiography, indicating that the percentage of PCNA-positive cells reflects the pool of cycling cells in the models investigated. However, the absolute number of PCNA-positive cells was two to ten times higher than comparable labeling indices from 3H-thymidine autoradiography. This finding might reflect the half life of PCNA, which exceeds the duration of the S-phase. Thus, PCNA-positive cells not only represent S-phase cells, but also cells that have recently completed the cell cycle. 相似文献
60.
G. Ferretti M. V. Narici T. Binzoni L. Gariod J. F. Le Bas H. Reutenauer P. Cerretelli 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1994,68(2):111-115
The relationships between absolute peak muscle power (W
peak), muscle cross sectional area (CSAtot, i.e. the sum of both thigh and calf CSA) and muscle high energy phosphate concentration (adenosine 5-triphosphate [ATP] and phosphocreatine concentrations [PC]) were studied in 47 subjects classified into five groups: A, 10 sedentary (S) subjects aged 20–35 years; B, 9 S aged 35–50 years; C, 9 S aged more than 50 years; D, 13 children aged 8–13 years; and E, 6 athletes (top level volleyball players) aged 24 (SD 3) years. The W
peak was measured during a maximal vertical high jump off both feet on a force platform. The CSAtot was measured anthropometrically. The [ATP] and [PC] were determined by 31Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The W
peak decreased with age, was 65% lower in D than in A, and 43% higher in E than in A. The CSAtot did not vary with age, was 45% smaller in D than in A, and 15% greater in E than in A. The [ATP] and [PC] were essentially the same in all groups. The changes observed in W
peak were only partially accounted for by changes in CSAtot. Therefore, in addition to the variables investigated, other factors appear to have been involved in the determination of W
peak with increasing age and training. An important role may be played by hormonal, particularly at puberty, and neural factors. 相似文献