中国兰科植物一新记录种——丽蕾金线兰

报道了中国兰科植物一新记录种,即丽蕾开唇兰（Anoectochilus lylei Rolfe ex Downie）,并提供详细的形态描述和照片。本种唇瓣白色,“Y”形,上唇裂片条状长圆形,中唇有1~3条极短的裂片,距内有2个盾状的胼胝体     

海南皱鞘天牛属一新种（鞘翅目：天牛科，沟胫天牛亚科）

记述采自海南的沟胫天牛亚科皱鞘天牛属Parapolytrechus Breuning一新种：黄跗皱鞘天牛P. flavotarsus Wang et Zheng, sp.nov.。模式标本保存于南开大学生物系昆虫标本室。     

江西省8种外来植物分布新记录

According to field investigation results, specimen identification and related literatures, eight newly recorded species of alien plants in Jiangxi Province were defined, viz. Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson, Oenothera laciniata Hill, Jacquemontia tamnifolia ( Linn.) Griseb., Ipomoea lacunosa Linn., Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam., Triodanis perfoliata (Linn.) Nieuwl., Erigeron philadelphicus Linn. and Bromus catharticus Vahl. These species have already established population in Jiangxi Province, and some have been invaded. Voucher specimens are deposited in Shanghai Chenshan Herbarium ( CSH) .     

Chemical constituents from Neopestalotiopsis clavispora culture medium with estrogenic effects in MCF-7 cells

Estrogen is a vital hormone responsible for the development of the female reproductive system. Hence, estrogen deficiency in menopause increases various symptoms. This study aimed to discover biologically active compounds from an EtOAc-extract of Neopestalotiopsis clavispora culture medium which has previously shown estrogenic activity. A new α-pyrone (1) and a new tetramic acid derivative (2), together with hymenosetin (3) and pestalotiollide B (4), were isolated from the extract. The chemical structures of the new compounds were elucidated using MS and NMR spectroscopy, and the absolute configurations were established by quantum mechanical calculations of electronic circular dichroism and gauge-including atomic orbital NMR chemical shift, followed by DP4 + analysis. The isolated compounds were initially tested for their estrogenic activities using MCF-7 estrogen responsive human breast cancer cells. Hymenosetin (3) showed estrogenic activity by increasing the proliferation of MCF-7 cells at the concentration of 2.5 μM via the phosphorylation of estrogen receptor-α.     

危害柠条的麦蛾一新种记述(鳞翅目:麦蛾科)

本文记载了希奇;宁条的麦蛾一新种,即锦鸡儿条麦蛾Ａｎａｒｓｉａ ｃａｒａｇａｎａ Ｙａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｌｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。该种与Ａｎａｒｓｉａ ｓｉｂｉｒｅｃａ Ｐａｒｋ ｅｔ Ｐｏｎｏｍａｒｅｎｋｏ外部特征相似,但雄性外生殖器左抱器腹有一个出血内面的细长突起,盐池县,以幼虫叶丝缀叶危害柠条。一年发生两代,第１代发生在６、７月份,株被害率在４０％～６０％,第２代出现在８、９月份,以蛹越冬。文中提供了     

Early Pleistocene Equus (Equidae,Perissodactyla) from Andersson Loc. 32 in Qixian,Shanxi, China

The Equus specimens of Andersson Loc. 32 in Qixian, Shanxi previously identified as Equus cf. sanmeniensis are rediscovered in this research. The skull has moderate size, deep nasal notch, clear preorbital fossa, undulated lateral outline, upper cheek tooth with simple fossette and incisor with incomplete cup, should be identified as Equus teilhardi. The mandible has cheek tooth with V-shaped linguaflexid, incisor with incomplete cup, moderate size, strong pli caballinid and deep ectoflexid on molar, should be identified as Equus qingyangensis. This skull is first record of a complete cranial material of E. teilhardi, reveals many important cranial features of E. teilhardi, supports anatomical comparison and phylogenetic discussion with other stenonid horses. The morphological differences between E. teilhardi and E. qingyangensis show their different niches, further explain the reason of their coexistence. Incomplete cup on incisor is an unstable feature. It has been found in several species of stenonid horses, likely a remaining feature derived from the most primitive Equus, Equus simplicidens. The small-sized stenonid horses with short limbs and incisors with incomplete cups likely have relation with E. teilhardi, such as Equus yunnanensis and Equus stehlini. E. qingyangensis has most primitive features in Eurasian stenonid horses.     

Knockout of Nr2e3 prevents rod photoreceptor differentiation and leads to selective L-/M-cone photoreceptor degeneration in zebrafish

Mutations in the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor gene Nr2e3 increased the number of S-cone photoreceptors in human and murine retinas and led to retinal degeneration that involved photoreceptor and non-photoreceptor cells. The mechanisms underlying these complex phenotypes remain unclear. In the hope of understanding the precise role of Nr2e3 in photoreceptor cell fate determination and differentiation, we generated a line of Nr2e3 knockout zebrafish using CRISPR technology. In these Nr2e3-null animals, rod precursors undergo terminal mitoses but fail to differentiate as rods. Rod-specific genes are not expressed and the outer segment (OS) fails to form. Formation and differentiation of cone photoreceptors is normal. Specifically, there is no increase in the number of UV-cone or S-cone photoreceptors. Laminated retinal structure is maintained. After normal development, L-/M-cones selectively degenerate, with progressive shortening of OS that starts at age 1 month. The amount of cone phototransduction proteins is concomitantly reduced, whereas UV- and S-cones have normal OS lengths even at age 10 months. In vitro studies show Nr2e3 synergizes with Crx and Nrl to enhance rhodopsin gene expression. Nr2e3 does not affect cone opsin expression. Our results extend the knowledge of Nr2e3's roles and have specific implications for the interpretation of the phenotypes observed in human and murine retinas. Furthermore, our model may offer new opportunities in finding treatments for enhanced S-cone syndrome (ESCS) and other retinal degenerative diseases.     

TRPV5 and TRPV6 are expressed in placenta and bone tissues during pregnancy in mice

We investigated the dynamic expression of calcium transporters, TRPV5 and TRPV6, in placenta and bone to determine their role in maternal and fetal calcium balance during gestation. In placenta, TRPV5 was expressed predominantly in syncytiotrophoblasts of the labyrinthine zone, whereas TRPV6 was expressed in spongiotrophoblasts of the junction zone. In bone, the two transporters were found in osteoblasts, osteoclasts, cartilage and bone matrices. During the first half of gestation, TRPV5 and TRPV6 levels in bone were increased on pregnancy day (P) 0.5, then decreased on P3.5 followed by a slight increase on P6.5. During the second half of pregnancy, both the proteins and their mRNAs gradually increased from P9.5 to P15.5?P17.5 in both bone and placenta, followed at parturition by relatively high amounts in placenta, but markedly decreased amounts in bone. The expression pattern is likely related to the fetal and maternal calcium requirement during gestation, which may be regulated by estrogen and other hormones, because the fetal demand for calcium is greatest during the last few days of gestation for rats; maternal calcium metabolism is designed to meet the calcium needs of the fetus during this period. We found that TRPV5 and TRPV6 are involved in calcium transport in the placenta and bone, and therefore play a role in calcium homeostasis during embryonic and fetal development.     

贵州省凤仙花属6个新记录种

报道了贵州省凤仙花属（Impatiens）6个新记录种（含1变种）,分别是锐齿凤仙花（Impatiens arguta Hook.f.& Thomson.）、线萼凤仙花（Impatiens linearisepala S.Akiyama, H.Ohba & S.K.Wu）、川鄂凤仙花（Impatiens fargesii Hook.f.）、林生凤仙花（Impatiens lucorum Hook.f.）、雅致黄金凤（Impatiens siculifer var. mitis Lingelsheim & Borza）和田林凤仙花（Impatiens tianlinensis S.X.Yu & L.J.Zhang）。该文提供了新记录种形态特征照片和地理分布,凭证标本保存于贵州大学林学院树木标本室（GZAC）。     

云南丝尾螋属一新种(革翅目:丝尾螋科)

记述采自云南省丝尾螋属l新种：六库丝尾螋Diplatys liukuensis,sp．nov．。模式标本保存于浙江自然博物馆。