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911.
高浓度臭氧对大豆生长发育及产量的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
采用开顶式同化箱(open-top chambers,OTCs)装置,设置活性碳过滤大气(CF,[O3]<10 μg·kg-1)和高臭氧(O3)浓度(HO,约为80 μg·kg-1)两个处理,研究开花后高浓度O3对大豆农艺性状、叶面积、叶绿素、抗氧化系统与产量的影响.结果表明: 与对照(CF)同期相比,HO处理植株的叶面积和叶绿素含量显著降低(P<0.05);过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性极显著增强(P<0.01),但随着处理时间的延长,其活性逐渐降低;HO处理下植株叶片中可溶性蛋白质和抗坏血酸(AsA)含量降低,丙二醛含量显著升高,表明膜脂过氧化进程加快;大豆的单株干物质量、有效结荚数、籽粒数、百粒重和产量都有所降低,其中产量降低了47%,差异达极显著水平(P<0.01). 相似文献
912.
Angela Brieger Boris Adryan Fabian Wolpert Sandra Passmann Stefan Zeuzem Jörg Trojan 《Proteomics》2010,10(18):3343-3355
The involvement of MLH1 in several mismatch repair‐independent cellular processes has been reported. In an attempt to gain further insight into the protein's cellular functions, we screened for novel interacting partners of MLH1 utilizing a bacterial two‐hybrid system. Numerous unknown interacting proteins were identified, suggesting novel biological roles of MLH1. The network of MLH1 and its partner proteins involves a multitude of cellular processes. Integration of our data with the “General Repository for Interaction Datasets” highlighted that MLH1 exhibits relationships to three interacting pairs of proteins involved in cytoskeletal and filament organization: Thymosin β 4 and Actin γ, Cathepsin B and Annexin A2 as well as Spectrin α and Desmin. Coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization experiments validated the interaction of MLH1 with these proteins. Differential mRNA levels of many of the identified proteins, detected by microarray analysis comparing MLH1‐deficient and ‐proficient cell lines, support the assumed interplay of MLH1 and the identified candidate proteins. By siRNA knock down of MLH1, we demonstrated the functional impact of MLH1–Actin interaction on filament organization and propose that dysregulation of MLH1 plays an essential role in cytoskeleton dynamics. Our data suggest novel roles of MLH1 in cellular organization and colorectal cancerogenesis. 相似文献
913.
914.
Contrasting fine-root production,survival and soil CO2 efflux in pine and poplar plantations 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Tree root activity, including fine-root production, turnover and metabolic activity are significant components of forest productivity
and nutrient cycling. Differences in root activity among forest types are not well known. A 3-year study was undertaken in
red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and hybrid poplar (Populus tristis X P. balsamifera cv `Tristis no. 1') plantations to compare belowground root dynamics. We measured fine-root production, mortality and standing
crop, as well as soil CO2 efflux. Pine fine-root production was only 2.9% of that of poplar during three years; 85 pine roots were observed in minirhizotron
tubes compared with 4088 poplar roots. Live-root density oscillated seasonally for both species with late winter minimum and
autumn maximum. Poplar reached constant maximum live-root length within the first growing season, but pine continued to increase
observed fine-root length for three growing seasons. Within the first 100 days following initial appearance, 22% of the pine
roots disappeared and 38% of the poplar roots disappeared. Median fine-root longevity of pine was 291 days compared with 149
days for poplar roots. Fine-root longevity increased with depth in the soil, and was greater for roots with initial diameter
>0.5 mm. The probability of poplar root death from late February to May was more than three times that in any other season,
regardless of root age. Despite the greater poplar root production and live-root length, fine-root biomass and soil CO2 efflux was greater in pine. Greater metabolic activity in the pine stand may be due to greater fine-root biomass or greater
heterotrophic respiration.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
915.
在川西亚高山米亚罗林区海拔3 100~3 600 m阴坡、半阴坡, 以立地条件基本一致的箭竹和藓类林型不同恢复阶段(20~40 a生的箭竹阔叶林、50 a生的箭竹针阔混交林、160~200 a生的箭竹原始暗针叶老龄林; 20~40 a生的藓类阔叶林、50 a生的藓类针阔混交林、160~200 a生的藓类原始暗针叶老龄林)的群落为研究对象, 共设置了50个样方(20 m×20 m), 采用空间代时间的方法分析了岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)的天然更新状况, 并采用通径分析法对其影响因子进行分析。结果表明: 箭竹和藓类两种森林类型岷江冷杉幼苗、幼树和小树的密度偏低。对于箭竹林型不同恢复阶段, 岷江冷杉幼苗密度<幼树密度<小树密度; 对于藓类林型不同恢复阶段, 藓类阔叶林幼树密度大于幼苗和小树密度, 藓类针阔混交林小树密度大于幼苗和幼树密度, 而藓类原始暗针叶老龄林幼苗密度大于幼树和小树密度。藓类林型岷江冷杉天然更新状况好于箭竹林型。对箭竹林型而言, 影响岷江冷杉天然更新的关键因子为母树密度、倒木蓄积量、箭竹盖度和苔藓层厚度, 其中母树密度和倒木蓄积量对岷江冷杉天然更新起着促进作用, 箭竹盖度和苔藓层厚度对岷江冷杉天然更新起着阻碍作用; 对于藓类林型而言, 影响岷江冷杉天然更新的关键因子为灌木盖度和苔藓层厚度。灌木和苔藓有利于幼苗的发生, 但不利于幼苗向幼树、小树的过渡。 相似文献
916.
R. Lee Lyman 《Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society》2012,87(3):513-525
It has been argued by some neozoologists (those who study living animals) that the palaeozoological record is biased and incomplete (relative to an existing biological community) and therefore should not be consulted for purposes of conservation biology. An article published in a biology journal in 2011 lists numerous reasons why natural history collections (NHCs) of skins and skulls of animals collected over the past century or two are exceptionally valuable to conservation biologists because those collections provide significant time depth to numerous variables that document global biological change. Many of those same variables can be, and have been, identified in the palaeozoological record. Those variables are of major value to conservation biology, whether their values are taken from 100‐year‐old NHCs or from palaeozoological remains. Empirical examples in which the identified variables are measured in palaeozoological contexts indicate that the palaeozoological record should indeed be consulted by conservation biologists and can no longer be considered unsatisfactory for modern resource management. 相似文献
917.
Within certain regions in East Africa, the butterfly Danaus chrysippus (L.) shows female‐biased population sex ratio, because of the production by some females of all‐female broods, as a result of infection by maternally inherited, male‐killing bacterium of the genus Spiroplasma. In this study, we describe a 3‐year field survey for the population dynamics of the male‐killing Spiroplasma in D. chrysippus in four independent localities, namely Uganda, Ghana, Sudan and Madagascar. The prevalence of the bacterium was found to show extensive variations at multiple scales among different sites, in various countries, seasons and years. A novel, selection‐based hypothesis was suggested to explain the high variability of male‐killer prevalence over space and time, based on the existence of an adaptive link between larval food‐plant density and the magnitude of resource reallocation fitness advantage for the male‐killer. 相似文献
918.
Neil Rosser Kanchon K. Dasmahapatra James Mallet 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2014,68(12):3470-3484
Multilocus clines between Müllerian mimetic races of Heliconius butterflies provide a classic example of the maintenance of hybrid zones and their importance in speciation. Concordant hybrid zones in the mimics Heliconius erato and H. melpomene in northern Peru were carefully documented in the 1980s, and this prior work now permits a historical analysis of the movement or stasis of the zones. Previous work predicted that these zones might be moving toward the Andes due to selective asymmetry. Extensive deforestation and climate change might also be expected to affect the positions and widths of the hybrid zones. We show that the positions and shapes of these hybrid zones have instead remained remarkably stable between 1985 and 2012. The stability of this interaction strongly implicates continued selection, rather than neutral mixing following secondary contact. The stability of cline widths and strong linkage disequilibria (gametic correlation coefficients Rmax = 0.35–0.56 among unlinked loci) over 25 years suggest that mimetic selection pressures on each color pattern locus have remained approximately constant (s ≈ 0.13–0.40 per locus in both species). Exceptionally high levels of precipitation at the edge of the easternmost Andes may act as a population density trough for butterflies, trapping the hybrid zones at the foot of the mountains, and preventing movement. As such, our results falsify one prediction of the Pleistocene Refugium theory: That the ranges of divergent species or subspecies should be centered on regions characterized by maxima of rainfall, with hybrid zones falling in more arid regions between them. 相似文献
919.
M. Salomez M. Subileau J. Intapun F. Bonfils J. Sainte‐Beuve L. Vaysse E. Dubreucq 《Journal of applied microbiology》2014,117(4):921-929
Natural rubber, produced by coagulation of the latex from the tree Hevea brasiliensis, is an important biopolymer used in many applications for its outstanding properties. Besides polyisoprene, latex is rich in many nonisoprene components such as carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and thereby constitutes a favourable medium for the development of micro‐organisms. The fresh rubber coagula obtained by latex coagulation are not immediately processed, allowing the development of various microbial communities. The time period between tree tapping and coagula processing is called maturation, during which an evolution of the properties of the corresponding dry natural rubber occurs. This evolution is partly related to the activity of micro‐organisms and to the modification of the biochemical composition. This review synthesizes the current knowledge on microbial populations in latex and natural rubber coagula of H. brasiliensis and the changes they induce on the biochemistry and technical properties of natural rubber during maturation. 相似文献
920.
Unraveling Charge Separation and Transport Mechanisms in Aqueous‐Processed Polymer/CdTe Nanocrystal Hybrid Solar Cells 下载免费PDF全文
Lei Wang Hai‐Yu Wang Hao‐Tong Wei Hao Zhang Qi‐Dai Chen Huai‐Liang Xu Wei Han Bai Yang Hong‐Bo Sun 《Liver Transplantation》2014,4(9)
Recently great progress has been achieved in highly effective hybrid solar cells fabricated using aqueous materials. The state‐of‐the‐art energy conversion efficiency has been close to 5% with high photocurrent. However, charge separation and transport mechanism in the aqueous‐processed hybrid solar cells are rarely reported and are usually assumed to be similar to oil‐phase processed systems; that is, self‐assembly polymers are mainly responsible for charge separation and carrier transport. To date, this assumption has prohibited further improvement of the conversion efficiency in aqueous‐processed hybrid systems by adopting any appropriate technique routes. Here, ultrafast carrier dynamics in these hybrid solar cells consisting of poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) (PPV)‐based aqueous polymers and water‐solution CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) are investigated in detail. Self‐charge separation in grown CdTe NC partly capped CdS shell layers after anneal treatment is unambiguously identified. Different from their oil‐soluble counterparts, these core/shell nanocrystals do not have the restrictions of quantum confinement and surface ligands, form effective charge transport networks, and play a dominant role in the charge separation and carrier transport processes. These findings provide a greater understanding on the fundamental photophysics in aqueous‐processed hybrid systems. 相似文献