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71.
p94/calpain 3, a skeletal muscle-specific member of calpain protease family, is characterized by apparent Ca(2+)-independence during exhaustive autolysis and concomitant proteolysis of non-self substrates. The purpose of our study was to comprehensively profile the structural basis of p94 enabling activation in the cytosol without an extra Ca(2+). Ca(2+)-dependent p94 mutants were screened using "p94-trapping", which is an application of yeast genetic reporter system called "proteinase-trapping". Several amino acids were revealed as critical for apparent Ca(2+)-independent p94 activity. These results highlight the importance of conserved amino acids in domain IIb as well as in the p94-specific IS2 region. 相似文献
72.
The potential clinical use of stem cells for cell transplantation therapies to replace defective genes in myopathies is an
area of intense investigation. Precursor cells derived from non-muscle tissue with myogenic potential have been identified
in many tissues, including bone marrow and dermis, although the status of these putative stem cells requires clarification.
The incorporation of circulating bone-marrow derived stem cells into regenerating adult skeletal muscle has been demonstrated
in mice but the contribution of donor cells is so minimal that it would appear clinically irrelevant at this stage. The possibility
of a true stem cell subpopulation within skeletal muscle that replenishes the satellite cells (conventional muscle precursors
on the surface of myofibres) is also very attractive as a superior source of myoblasts for muscle construction. A full understanding
of the intrinsic factors (i.e. gene expression within the stem cell) and extrinsic factors (i.e. signals from the external
environment) which control the commitment of stem cells to the myogenic lineage, and the conditions which favour stem cell
expansion in vivo is required before stem cells can be seriously considered for clinical cell therapy.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
73.
Urmas Tartes Aare Kuusik KÜlli Hiiesaar Luule Metspalu Alo Vanatoa 《Physiological Entomology》2000,25(2):151-158
The rhythms of abdominal movements, heartbeats and gas exchange in the pupae of Leptiontarsa decemlineata (Say) were recorded simultaneously using an electrolytic respirometer and infrared gas analyser, both combined with contact thermography. Abdominal pulsations and heartbeat occurred periodically with little variance among individuals. The abdominal pulsations and heartbeat pauses varied individually within large limits, with the frequency of abdominal pulsations being six to seven times lower than that of the heart pulses. A proportion of the pupae (20%) showed discontinuous gas exchange with large, actively ventilated CO2 bursts, whereas others (≈ 25%) exhibited continuous regular microcycles (flutter) with abrupt intake of air into the tracheae before discrete microbursts of carbon dioxide. The abdominal pulsations exerted only a minor influence on ventilation during the microcycles. More than 90% of the bursts of abdominal movement coincided with a series of forward directed heartbeats, but interspersed between the bouts of abdominal movement commonly two to three heartbeat pulses were observed that were not associated with abdominal movements. A period of abdominal movement associated with a heartbeat pulse was commonly initiated by one or two vigorous strokes of abdominal rotation. 相似文献
74.
M Singh R Kanagasuntheram B C Ho E H Yap H L Chan 《International journal for parasitology》1975,5(2):171-176
The fine structure of the alimentary tract of the infective larva of Breinlia sergenti has been studied. The possible derivation of the oesophagus from the pharyngeal thread of the microfilaria is discussed. 相似文献
75.
76.
Catherine Moorwood Min Liu Zuozhen Tian Elisabeth R. Barton 《Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE》2013,(71)
Critical to the evaluation of potential therapeutics for muscular disease are sensitive and reproducible physiological assessments of muscle function. Because many pre-clinical trials rely on mouse models for these diseases, isolated muscle function has become one of the standards for Go/NoGo decisions in moving drug candidates forward into patients. We will demonstrate the preparation of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and diaphragm muscles for functional testing, which are the predominant muscles utilized for these studies. The EDL muscle geometry is ideal for isolated muscle preparations, with two easily accessible tendons, and a small size that can be supported by superfusion in a bath. The diaphragm exhibits profound progressive pathology in dystrophic animals, and can serve as a platform for evaluating many potential therapies countering fibrosis, and promoting myofiber stability. Protocols for routine testing, including isometric and eccentric contractions, will be shown. Isometric force provides assessment of strength, and eccentric contractions help to evaluate sarcolemma stability, which is disrupted in many types of muscular dystrophies. Comparisons of the expected results between muscles from wildtype and dystrophic muscles will also be provided. These measures can complement morphological and biochemical measurements of tissue homeostasis, as well as whole animal assessments of muscle function. 相似文献
77.
78.
Min-Kyoo Shin Edwin Vázquez-Rosa Yeojung Koh Matasha Dhar Kalyani Chaubey Coral J. Cintrón-Pérez Sarah Barker Emiko Miller Kathryn Franke Maria F. Noterman Divya Seth Rachael S. Allen Cara T. Motz Sriganesh Ramachandra Rao Lara A. Skelton Machelle T. Pardue Steven J. Fliesler Chao Wang Andrew A. Pieper 《Cell》2021,184(10):2715-2732.e23
79.
Location and functional characterization of the right atrioventricular pacemaker ring in the adult avian heart 下载免费PDF全文
Previous histological studies showed that in addition to a sinus node, an atrioventricular (AV) node, an AV bundle, left and right bundle branches, birds also possess a right AV‐Purkinje ring that is located in the atrial sheet of the right muscular AV‐valve along all its base length. The functionality of the AV‐Purkinje ring is unknown. In this work, we studied the topology of pacemaker myocytes in the atrial side of the isolated chicken spontaneously contracting right muscular AV‐valve using the method of microelectrode mapping of action potentials. We show that AV‐cells having the ability to show pacemaking reside in the right muscular AV‐valve. Pacemaker action potentials were exclusively recorded close to the base of the valve along its whole length from dorsal to the ventral attachment to the interventricular septum. These action potentials have much slower rate of depolarization, lower amplitude, and higher diastolic depolarization than action potentials of Purkinje (conducting) cells. We conclude the right AV‐valve has a ring bundle of pacemaker cells (but not Purkinje cells) in the adult chicken heart. J. Morphol. 277:363–369, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献