梨小食心虫化学感受蛋白cDNA的克隆、序列分析及原核表达

为了研究梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta化学感受蛋白（chemosensory proteins, CSPs）在化学感受系统中的作用, 本研究利用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆到一条梨小食心虫化学感受蛋白的全长cDNA序列, 命名为GmolCSP （GenBank 登录号： JQ821389）。序列分析表明, GmolCSP开放阅读框序列为384 bp, 编码127个氨基酸残基, 预测N末端含有18个氨基酸组成的信号肽序列, 其成熟蛋白的预测分子量为12.80 kD, 等电点为8.33。该基因编码的氨基酸序列与其他鳞翅目昆虫化学感受蛋白的氨基酸序列具有较高同源性。RT-PCR结果显示, GmolCSP在梨小食心虫成虫触角、 去触角的头、 胸、 腹、 足和翅中都有表达。将GmolCSP重组到表达载体pET-32a中, 转入大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21（DE3）进行表达。SDS-PAGE和Western 印迹检测结果显示, 梨小食心虫化学感受蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中成功地表达出一个分子量约为29 kD的融合蛋白, 与预测的融合蛋白分子量大小一致。本研究结果为进一步研究该蛋白的分子结构和功能奠定了良好基础。     

Hydrogen-bond dynamics of water in presence of an amphiphile,tetramethylurea: signature of confinement-induced effects

Various experimental and simulation studies have suggested that the presence of amphiphilic molecules in aqueous solutions substantially perturbs the tetrahedral hydrogen-bond (H-bond) network of neat liquid water. Such structural perturbation is expected to impact H-bond lifetime of liquid water. Tetramethylurea (TMU) is an example of an amphiphile because it possesses both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties. Molecular dynamics simulations of (water+TMU) binary mixtures at various compositions have been performed in order to investigate the microscopic mechanism through which the amphiphiles influence the H-bond dynamics of liquid water at room temperature. Present simulations indicate lengthening of both water–water H-bond lifetime and H-bond structural relaxation time upon addition of TMU in aqueous solution. At the highest TMU mole fraction studied, H-bond lifetime and structural relaxation time are, respectively, ～4 and ～8 times longer than those in neat water. This is comparable with the slowing down of H-bond dynamics for water molecules confined in cyclodextrin cavities. Simulated relaxation profiles are multi-exponential in character at all mixture compositions, and simulated radial distribution functions suggest enhanced water–water and water–TMU interactions upon addition of TMU. No evidence for complete encapsulation of TMU by water H-bond network has been found.     

Molecular phylogenetics of the tribeInuleae s. str.(Asteraceae), based on ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA

The sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of 18S–26S nrDNA for a sample of 16 taxa from theInuleae s. str. and two outgroup taxa are analysed cladistically with PAUP. A consensus tree of the four most parsimonious cladograms is presented. Three different tests of cladogram stability are conducted (Bremer support, parsimony jackknifing and bootstrapping); all tests indicate a high degree of support for the basal nodes of the tree. The ITS phylogeny of the tribe is compared with previous hypotheses based on morphological data. The position ofAnisopappus as sister group to the rest of the tribe is supported by the molecular data, but the proposed subdivision ofInuleae s. str. into a paleate grade group and an epaleate clade is not. The interpretation of the character evolution of, e.g. receptacular paleae and pappus features within the tribe is discussed.     

台湾乳白蚁肠道鞭毛虫群落结构及三种研究方法的比较

大量鞭毛虫栖息在低等白蚁肠道内, 是白蚁赖以生存的共生微生物。不同种类的鞭毛虫共同作用形成了一套降解食物的系统, 为宿主提供营养和能量。研究鞭毛虫群落结构是揭示其各组成种类生理功能的基础。利用形态特征进行物种鉴定受鞭毛虫生长发育阶段、 样品制备方法等多种因素的影响, 而基于分子标记的分子生物学方法能不受这些因素的制约来研究复杂的微生物群落。本研究结合形态特征鉴定和分子生物学方法研究台湾乳白蚁Coptotermes formosanus肠道鞭毛虫群落结构, 并对这些方法进行了比较。通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜进行形态观察鉴定, 确定了台湾乳白蚁肠道内的3种鞭毛虫, 分别为伪披发虫Pseudotrichonympha grassii、 全鞭毛虫Holomastigotoides mirabile和旋披发虫Spirotrichonympha leidyi。18S rDNA文库限制性片段长度多态性分析较形态鉴定能够反映群落更复杂的物种多样性。利用光学显微镜进行细胞计数较18S rDNA文库克隆数能更准确地反映各种鞭毛虫数量, 每头工蚁肠道内平均含伪披发虫780±179头, 全鞭毛虫1 630±391头, 旋披发虫2 950±1 003头。本研究建立了光学显微镜形态鉴定和18S rDNA分子标记相结合调查鞭毛虫多样性和数量的方法, 为进一步研究白蚁肠道共生生物的功能奠定了基础。     

合成生物学中不依赖限制性内切酶的分子克隆策略

随着合成生物学的兴起和发展,基因克隆和DNA大片段组装成为了常规操作。利用人工智能和液体操作机器人进行高通量的DNA组装和功能筛选已被广泛应用。传统的依赖于限制性内切酶识别位点的克隆技术对序列有选择性、步骤繁琐、实验人员的培训周期长,不利于以流水线形式进行工程化使用,已经逐步在生物工程领域内被淘汰。文中论述了一系列适于机械化操作的新一代分子克隆技术,即不依赖基因序列和连接反应克隆方法、Gibson组装、聚合酶环形延伸克隆、细胞裂解物体外无痕连接和细胞体内组装克隆。对这些方法的建立、基本原理及应用前景等方面进行了总结,并对其优缺点进行了比较。     

Characterisation of Rubus niveus: a prerequisite to its biological control in oceanic islands

This study is intended to inform the search for a biocontrol solution to stem the spread of Rubus niveus, a morphologically-diverse and invasive Rubus species which has become an aggressive invader in areas of the world outside its native range. The fragile biodiversity of islands can be especially threatened by this plant – exemplars of this are the Galápagos archipelago and Hawaii. This report focuses on the morphological and molecular work carried out to establish the homogeneity or intra-specific variation of R. niveus populations within the Galápagos Islands, as well as their kinship with plants of the same name found in Asia. The premise of this study is that genetic closeness between these populations offers increased probability that pathogens of R. niveus in its native range will also provide effective control in the target environment. Increased knowledge of the genetic make-up of R. niveus in both its native and naturalised locations will also help to assess the feasibility of using organisms which have been found to be effective against other Rubus species, but not hitherto considered for R. niveus itself.     

脑细胞的基因及其表达与衰老

概述了脑与衰老在神经分子生物学方面的研究进展 ,包括 :细胞衰老分子机制的主要进展 ,衰老脑在基因及其表达水平的研究进展 ;阿尔茨海默病 (AlzheimerDisease ,AD)相关基因研究进展 ,帕金森病 (porkinsondisease ,PD)相关基因研究进展[7] 。这些研究成果对脑与衰老的关系、对脑在基因及其表达水平上衰老机制认识的加深乃至对衰老脑的基因治疗均具有理论意义和应用价值。     

芒果畸形病病原菌Fusarium mangiferae的快速分子检测

芒果畸形病是芒果上的重要病害之一,由镰孢菌侵染引起,其中以Fusarium mangiferae为主要致病菌.该病害诊断困难,且难于有效控制,因此,一旦发生则对芒果生产造成严重威胁.研究基于ISSR分子标记技术,从50条已知引物中筛选得到一条目的引物UBC 888,该引物可稳定扩增出大小为479bp的F. mangiferae特异性条带(GenBank Accession No. KJ526382).根据获得的特异性片段序列设计引物,成功地将ISSR标记转化为SCAR标记,并获得一对SCAR特异性引物(W342,W1772)和一段大小为1 376bp的特异性扩增片段(GenBank Accession No. KJ526383).通过优化特异性引物扩增条件,获得最适退火温度,构建芒果畸形病病原菌F. mangiferae的快速分子检测技术.此技术操作简单,特异性强,可检测真菌DNA的含量最低为10pg,适用于F. mangiferae和田间带菌芒果组织高灵敏度快速检测,为芒果畸形病的早期诊断和及时预防提供可靠理论依据和技术方法.     

Intraspecific diversity of the Cassava Green Mite Mononychellus progresivus (Acari: Tetranychidae) using comparisons of mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences and cross-breeding

Intraspecific diversity in Cassava Green Mite Mononychellus progresivus Doreste was examined using individuals collected in Benin and the Congo and in Columbia and Brazil. Comparisons were based on mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA sequences and the results of several cross-breeding experiments. Sequence variation was examined in a total of 1139 base pairs (bp) constituting the ITS2 ribosomal DNA (805 bp) and a fragment of the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene (334 bp). Sequence divergence is low, ranging from 0% to 2.1% for COI and from 0% to 0.4% for ITS2. Inter-strain comparisons have shown that the two African populations appear to be identical. They were similar to the Colombian population while the Brazilian population was clearly different. The data support the hypothesis of a single introduction of the species in the two African populations. Crossing experiments have shown partial hybrid sterility, suggesting a genetic incompatibility consistent with differences detected by sequence data. The results show the usefulness of molecular markers as a tool for determining taxonomic status and dispersion paths in spider mites.