Epidemiological Characteristics of Influenza A and B in Macau, 2010–2018

Virologica Sinica - Influenza is one of the major respiratory diseases in humans. Macau is a tourist city with high density of population and special population mobility. The study on the...     

2015年至2019年辽宁省某医院血培养病原菌分布及耐药分析

分析2015年至2019年辽宁省人民医院血培养分离菌的科室分布及耐药情况,为临床提供数据参考。利用Whonet5.6软件对2015年至2019年辽宁省人民医院血培养临床数据进行分析。血培养阳性率为12.3%,共分离病原菌1 266株,其中革兰阴性菌546株、革兰阳性菌649株、真菌71株;革兰阴性菌主要为大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli, Eco)占19.1%(234/1 226)和肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae, Kpn)占12.6%(155/1 226);革兰阳性菌主要为人葡萄球菌(Staphylococcushomini, Sho)占13.3%(98/1 226)和表皮葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus epidermidis)占9.7%(82/1 226)。血培养阳性率较高的科室分别为重症医学科、普外科、呼吸内科。耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,Sau)的检出率为40%、未检出对万古霉素耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌和肠球菌(Enterococcus)。肠杆菌科对碳青霉烯类抗生素的耐药率低于25%。鲍曼不动杆菌(Acinetobacter baumannii, Aba)对碳青霉烯类抗生素的耐药率达到80%以上。临床应重视血培养标本的送检和细菌耐药监测,合理使用抗生素,早期控制血流感染,降低患者的病死率。     

News from the BSC No. 8

Abstract

In the 8th and following issues of News from the Biological Stain Commission (BSC), under the heading of Regulatory affairs, the BSC's International Affairs Committee will present information from a meeting held in Ghent, Belgium on 15–18 June 2009 concerning the progress achieved by the International Standards Organization Committee ISO/TC 212 Clinical Laboratory Testing and in Vitro Diagnostic Test Systems since the last meeting held in Vancouver, Canada in 2008. A note on the meaning and significance of E numbers found on the labels of foodstuffs and beverages sold for human consumption concludes this edition of News from the Biological Stain Commission.     

蕨菜乙醇提取物的Ames试验研究

目的：研究蕨菜乙醇提取物的致突变作用,为蕨菜的开发利用提供一定依据;方法：制备蕨菜乙醇提取物,采用Ames试验方法,以50μg/皿敌克松作为诱变剂,分别添加提取物50、100、200、400、800μg/皿,统计回变菌落数;结果：受试物各剂量组回变菌落数均未超过自发回变菌落数的2倍,且无剂量-反应关系;结论：在本实验条件下,蕨菜乙醇提取物无致突变作用.     

A computational study of the EN 1078 impact test for bicycle helmets using a realistic subject-specific finite element head model

Abstract

In the present study, the free fall impact test in accordance with the EN1078 standard for certification of bicycle helmets is replicated using numerical simulations. The impact scenario is simulated using an experimentally validated, patient-specific head model equipped with and without a bicycle helmet. Head accelerations and intracranial biomechanical injury metrics during the impacts are recorded. It is demonstrated that wearing the bicycle helmet during the impact reduces biomechanical injury metrics, with the biggest reduction seen in the metric for skull fracture.     

Morphology of the fifth sternal glands of Neotropical social wasps (Hymenoptera,Vespidae, Polistinae)

Glands play a central role in the social behavior of insects, and comparative analysis of their structure may provide insights about their evolution and their role in insect social biology. Here, we describe the glands of the fifth metasomal sternite of ten polistine wasps with different social behaviors. The glands of foragers of these species were studied using semithin sections of Araldite‐embedded tissue, and scanning electron microscopy. The structure of the glands observed was mostly similar to what has previously been reported for independent‐founder and swarm‐founder species, respectively. Scale‐shaped modifications in the fifth sternite are reported for the first time for members of the genera Synoeca and Epipona. Two previously unreported glands in the fifth sternite are also described. A more restrictive definition of the name Richards' gland is proposed, applying to the class 3 cells associated with scale modifications of the fifth sternite, based on structural differences between the glands observed, homology requirements, and functional evidence. Previous phylogenetic reconstructions of this character suggest that it appeared early in the Vespidae and disappeared four times, with a single reappearance in the genus Vespula. The restricted definition of Richards' gland suggests that this structure is an exclusive trait of the Epiponini, with two reversals.     

The South Hesse Oak Project (SHOP): Species- and site-specific efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus of Mediterranean and Central European Oaks

In three experimental sites in Southern Hesse, differing in management procedures, one- to three-year-old saplings of Quercus robur, Q.pubescens, and Q.ilex were planted to study their performance under Central European climate conditions. Toward the end of the growth period (mid–late September 2011), during a very dry period, we measured JIP transients of photosystem II chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves to evaluate the effects of abiotic site factors on the photosynthetic apparatus by comparing them to data from well-watered saplings measured before the onset of senescence processes. In all three sites, Q. robur saplings in September showed the strongest deviation from the measurements in August, followed by Q. pubescens. Q. ilex, in general, was nearly unaffected by September climate conditions or performed better than plants measured in August. Differences in the behavior between species and sites could be explained by the species’ different drought susceptibility and by differential induction of early leaf senescence (in Q. robur and Q. pubescens). We conclude that measurement of the JIP transient is a feasible method in forestry to compare adverse microclimatic site effects and genetically fixed reactions of the photosynthetic apparatus in the field.