2015年至2019年辽宁省某医院血培养病原菌分布及耐药分析

分析2015年至2019年辽宁省人民医院血培养分离菌的科室分布及耐药情况,为临床提供数据参考.利用Whonet5.6软件对2015年至2019年辽宁省人民医院血培养临床数据进行分析.血培养阳性率为12.3％,共分离病原菌1266株,其中革兰阴性菌546株、革兰阳性菌649株、真菌71株;革兰阴性菌主要为大肠埃希菌(Es...     

响应面法优化金针菇栽培工艺的研究

以提高金针菇单瓶产量为目的,以常规生产为对照,通过单因素试验、Plackett-Burman试验、响应面优化法、验证试验分析培养基装瓶量、灭菌前pH、接种量、搔菌深度、搔菌补水量对金针菇单瓶平均产量的影响。单因素试验结果表明,单瓶平均产量分别在装瓶量1 000 g、灭菌前pH值 6.80、接种量35 mL、搔菌深度10 mm、搔菌补水量10 mL时达到最大值;Plackett-Burman试验表明装瓶量、灭菌前pH和搔菌补水量是影响金针菇单瓶平均产量的关键因素;响应面优化法预测的最优化条件为培养基装瓶量1 004.05 g、灭菌前pH值6.83、搔菌补水量11.41 mL,金针菇单瓶平均产量为473.81 g;结合单因素试验及响应面预测,将验证试验设置为培养基装瓶量(1 000±5) g、灭菌前pH值(6.80±0.10)、搔菌补水量(11±1) mL、搔菌深度(10±2) mm、接种量(35±5) mL,金针菇单瓶平均产量为466.36 g,比对照组提高11.63 g,与预测值接近,相对误差为1.57%,试验设计符合生产需求。     

解脂亚罗酵母菌体外降甘油三酯降胆固醇效果研究

筛选出高效降三酰甘油降胆固醇菌株,为新型药物、食品的制备提供优良菌株。从样品中筛选分离出酵母菌株,并测定菌株降三酰甘油能力,采用磷硫铁比色法测定菌株降胆固醇能力,通过耐酸、耐胆盐及毒性实验研究菌株各项性能,通过生理生化及26S rDNA法对菌株进行鉴定。结果显示,试验筛选出1株高效降脂降胆固醇酵母菌EAM-ZT003T,降三酰甘油能力高达80.2%,菌株具有很好的耐酸、耐胆盐能力,为期42 d的小鼠毒性试验发现,小鼠未出现异常体征,未发现异常死亡,且解剖观察各器官一切正常,菌株经26S rDNA鉴定为解脂亚罗酵母菌(Yarrowia lipolytica)。     

志贺菌对HeLa细胞侵袭力的研究

通过使用噬斑形成试验、透射电镜及检测志贺菌蛋白表达等方法,研究志贺菌对Hela细胞的侵袭能力。研究发现:37℃培养条件下,胞质内出现成堆的志贺菌;30℃培养条件下,细菌主要分布在细胞外。SDS-PAGE显示,与30℃培养条件相比,在37℃培养下,志贺菌表达蛋白质的种类和数量明显增加。噬斑形成发现,12株福氏志贺菌强毒株,有9株噬斑数>1000个／ml,而2株弱毒株噬斑数则在50个／ml以下。透射电镜证实了志贺菌对细胞的黏附、侵入和释放过程。结果表明:志贺菌对细胞的侵袭能力受温度的影响;不同志贺菌流行株对细胞的侵袭力存在着差异:实验也显示,应用HeLa细胞研究志贺菌侵袭力是一种简便易行且价廉的方法。     

中药金银花药用成分的提取及抑菌实验的研究

为了研究金银花中抗菌消炎成分总黄酮、绿原酸的提取方法及其抑菌效果,本实验中用金银花的提取物对11种菌种进行筛选,并对其中有抑制作用的菌种进行了最小抑菌浓度的实验。结果表明金银花的提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌有较强的抑制作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为6．25mg／ml,对大肠杆菌的MIC为12．5mg／ml。     

凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌耐药性及流行变迁情况的观察

通过对我院1992－1994年间的108株CNS和1997－1999年8月间的72株CNS的比较研究发现：表皮葡萄球菌的分离率仍居首位,溶血葡萄球菌和模仿葡萄球菌占的比例有所提高,耐药性的研究发现,对环丙氟哌酸和红霉素的耐药率有显著提高。     

α2-HS 糖蛋白基因与中国人群的髋部骨大小的相关性研究

骨大小是一种独立于骨密度（BMD）的骨质疏松性骨折的重要风险因子。由于其高遗传率,充分了解控制骨大小的遗传因素有很重要的临床意义。文章研究目的为检测中国人群中α2-HS糖蛋白基因（AHSG）多态性和腰椎及髋部骨大小变异之间的关联。我们总共征集了来自中国401个核心家庭（包括父母亲及至少一个女儿）的1260个研究样本,并且分型了AHSG基因第7个外显子的Sac Ⅰ位点多态性。该位点核苷酸的替换（C→G）引起第238号丝氨酸被苏氨酸取代,因此可能对基因功能有影响。在任何骨骼位点,没有发现显著的群体分层。发现-HSG基因SacⅠ位点多态性和转子间（P=0．019）以及全髋的（P=0．035）骨大小呈显著性相关。该多态性位点能分别解释转子间和全髋3．74％和3．16％的骨大小变异。连锁分析没有检测到显著性结果,可能的主要原因是样本中同胞对的数目较少,统计效力较低,以及SacⅠ位点多态相对于微卫星标记对连锁分析提供的信息量少。结果表明,月HSG基因多态性可能和中国人群中髋部骨大小变异有关。     

A note on the effect of gestation housing environment on approach test measures in gilts

Systems’ welfare evaluation, including behavioural testing, is becoming increasingly popular in farm animal assurance schemes. The aims of this study were to investigate whether fairly short-term exposure to gestation housing systems, which varied in physical, environmental and human-input factors, influenced behavioural and physiological measures during a human approach test—often used to identify problems in human–animal interactions. Twenty-four Large White×Landrace gilts were initially subjected to identical human contact and daily husbandry. Forty-two days after service, the gilts were randomly assigned to either an indoor housing system (n=16) or an outdoor housing system (n=8), which differed physically and in the amount of human contact and daily husbandry. The indoor system used an electronic sow feeder (ESF), was more space-limited and thermally-controlled and had human contact centered on cleaning out. The outdoor system was more extensive, had much greater space accessible, was not thermally-controlled and had human contact that centered around feeding. The human approach test was carried out on all gilts 30–44 days after entry to the gestation system. At testing, each individual was fitted with heart rate monitor and then moved into a test arena. After 2 min an unfamiliar human entered the pen and stood motionless for 3 min against one wall and then approached the gilt and touched her snout. Throughout the experimental period, behaviour and sound within the test arena were recorded continuously. During the 2 min familiarisation period, outdoor gilts had lower heart rates (108.2 bpm versus 123.7 bpm, P<0.05) and tended to perform fewer short vocalisations (0.5 calls per min versus 3.4 calls per min, P<0.1). Outdoor-housed gilts also carried out less locomotor behaviour (2.2 sections crossed versus 4.0 sections crossed, P<0.05) and tended to perform fewer short (1.4 calls per min versus 5.0 calls per min, P<0.1) and long vocalisations (0.2 calls per min versus 1.8 calls per min, P<0.1) over the 3 min test period. Outdoor gilts tended to be slower to approach within 0.5 m of the human (69.9 s versus 19.3 s, P<0.1) but they then took less extra time to make physical contact (3.3 s versus 52.7 s, P<0.1). Mean heart rate was significantly lower in outdoor sows over the whole 3 min period (99.5 bpm versus 115.5 bpm, P<0.05). The results demonstrate that short-term exposure to different housing systems did influence behavioural and physiological measures during a standard human approach test and thus, systems differences should be taken into account before making judgements about the human–animal relationship on any commercial farm, based on results of behavioural tests of this type.     

后掩蔽效应对大棕蝠下丘神经元声反应的影响

以回声定位蝙蝠为模式动物,采用在体动物细胞外单位记录法,研究了后掩蔽效应对下丘神经元声反应的影响。结果显示,部分神经元(38％,12／31)对测试声刺激的反应明显受到掩蔽声的抑制,其后掩蔽效应强弱与掩蔽声和测试声的相对强度差(inter-stimulus level difference,SLD),以及测试声与掩蔽声之间的间隔时间(inter-stimulus onset asynchrony,SOA)有关：当掩蔽声强度升高或测试声强度降低时,后掩蔽效应增强;而SOA的缩短,亦可见后掩蔽效应增强。另外,相当数量的神经元(52%,16／31)对测试声刺激的反应并不受掩蔽声的影响,其中有的神经元只有在特定SLD和SOA时,才表现出后掩蔽效应。而少数下丘神经元(10％,3／31)在特定SLD和SOA时,掩蔽声对测试声反应有易化作用。上述结果表明,部分下丘神经元参与了声认知活动中的后掩蔽形成过程,推测下丘神经元在定型声反应特性中,对掩蔽声诱导的兴奋前抑制性输入与测试声诱导的兴奋性输入之间的时相性动态整合起关键作用。     

The anaerobic filtration of dairy waste: Results of a pilot trial

Results are presented from a pilot scale (4·3 m³) upflow anaerobic filter for the treatment of the wastewater from ice-cream manufacture. The reactor was completely mixed by gas production but the solids or sludge held within the reactor were shown to be affected by the liquid velocities. The reactor was subject to a number of organic and hydraulic shocks and this reduced the consistency of COD removal. Daily loading rates varied from 0 to 18 kg COD/m³/day but with an average load of 5·5 kg/m³/day the mean COD removal was 70%. This was compared with previous work and shown to be a typical performance for an anaerobic filter. Alkalinity and carboxylic acid data are also presented and were within the normal, stable, operating range. Previous research on the anaerobic treatment of industrial effluents has shown alkalinity to be the most important factor controlling reliability.