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111.
Jenny J Beard 《Australian Journal of Entomology》2008,47(2):102-106
Abstract A new spider mite, Oligonychus palus sp. nov . , is described from banana in northern Australia. Comments are made about the validity of the subgenera within Oligonychus Berlese and the new species is compared with a similar Indian species O. sapienticolus Gupta. 相似文献
112.
Kant MR Sabelis MW Haring MA Schuurink RC 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2008,275(1633):443-452
Plants and herbivores are thought to be engaged in a coevolutionary arms race: rising frequencies of plants with anti-herbivore defences exert pressure on herbivores to resist or circumvent these defences and vice versa. Owing to its frequency-dependent character, the arms race hypothesis predicts that herbivores exhibit genetic variation for traits that determine how they deal with the defences of a given host plant phenotype. Here, we show the existence of distinct variation within a single herbivore species, the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, in traits that lead to resistance or susceptibility to jasmonate (JA)-dependent defences of a host plant but also in traits responsible for induction or repression of JA defences. We characterized three distinct lines of T. urticae that differentially induced JA-related defence genes and metabolites while feeding on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). These lines were also differently affected by induced JA defences. The first line, which induced JA-dependent tomato defences, was susceptible to those defences; the second line also induced JA defences but was resistant to them; and the third, although susceptible to JA defences, repressed induction. We hypothesize that such intraspecific variation is common among herbivores living in environments with a diversity of plants that impose diverse selection pressure. 相似文献
113.
Fan Ding Wen-Li Jiang Xian-Guo Guo Rong Fan Cheng-Fu Zhao Zhi-Wei Zhang Ke-Yu Mao Rong Xiang 《The Korean journal of parasitology》2021,59(4):377
This paper is to illustrate the infestation and related ecological characteristics of chigger mites on the Asian house rat (Rattus tanezumi). A total of 17,221 chigger mites were collected from 2,761 R. tanezumi rats, and then identified as 131 species and 19 genera in 2 families. Leptotrombidium deliense, the most powerful vector of scrub typhus in China, was the first major dominant species on R. tanezumi. All the dominant mite species were of an aggregated distribution among different individuals of R. tanezumi. The species composition and infestations of chiggers on R. tanezumi varied along different geographical regions, habitats and altitudes. The species-abundance distribution of the chigger mite community was successfully fitted and the theoretical curve equation was Ŝ (R)=37e−(0.28R)². The total chigger species on R. tanezumi were estimated to be 199 species or 234 species, and this further suggested that R. tanezumi has a great potential to harbor abundant species of chigger mites. The results of the species-plot relationship indicated that the chigger mite community on R. tanezumi in Yunnan was an uneven community with very high heterogeneity. Wide geographical regions with large host samples are recommended in the investigations of chigger mites. 相似文献
114.
Keiko Oku 《Journal of Ethology》2009,27(2):279-283
In the Kanzawa spider mite, Tetranychus kanzawai (Acari: Tetranychidae), adult males guard pre-reproductive quiescent females. I experimentally examined the effects of density
experience during development and/or after adult emergence on precopulatory mate guarding behavior by T. kanzawai males. Mate guarding behavior was modified by density experience after adult emergence. When males had previously experienced
high density after adult emergence (n = 71), 73.2% of them engaged in precopulatory mate guarding. In contrast, when males had previously experienced low density
after adult emergence (n = 82), 61.0% of them did not guard females. Mate guarding with physical contact occurred more frequently when males had previously
experienced a high density of potential rivals than when they had not, but the difference in behavior between the two groups
of males was marginally not significant. Nevertheless, these results suggest overall that T. kanzawai males change mate guarding behavior in response to previously experienced density. 相似文献
115.
Jeyasankar Alagarmalai Mor Grinberg Rafael Perl-Treves Victoria Soroker 《Journal of Insect Behavior》2009,22(5):375-387
This study examined the host-selection ability of the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acari: Tarsonemidae). To make long-distance-shifts from one host plant patch to another, broad mites largely depend
on phoretic association with whiteflies. However, the host plants of whiteflies and broad mites are not necessarily the same.
We determined the host-preference and acceptance of free-moving and phoretic broad mites using two behavioral bioassays. We
used a choice test to monitor host selection by free-moving mites. In the case of phoretic mites, we compared their rate of
detachment from the phoretic vector Bemisia tabaci placed on leaves taken from various host plants. The suitability of the plant was further determined by monitoring mite’s
fecundity and its offspring development. We compared the mites’ responses to young and old cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. ‘Kfir’) leaves (3rd and 8–9th leaf from the apex, respectively), and two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cvs. ‘M82’ and ‘Moneymaker’). Free-moving mites of all stages and both sexes preferred young cucumber leaves to old cucumber leaves and preferred young
cucumber rather than young tomato leaves, demonstrating for the first time that broad mites are able to choose their host
actively. As for phoretic mated females, although eventually most of the mites abandoned the phoretic vector, the rate of
detachment from the whitefly vector was host dependent and correlated with the mites’ fitness on the particular host. In general,
host preference of phoretic female mites resembled that of the free-moving female. Cues used by mites for host selection remain
to be explored. 相似文献
116.
A survey for natural entomopathogenic fungi of two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) adults was made in Erzurum, Turkey, during the period 2006. Tetranychus urticae (65.8%) infected with a strain of the fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides were found. Thirteen isolates of C.
cladosporioides were assessed against T. urticae, in a single dose (8 × 106 conidia ml −1), laboratory bioassay on bean leaflets. The total mortality percentage caused by C. cladosporioides isolates varied from 50.95 to 74.76% and LT50 values ranged from 2.34 to 3.90 days. The results revealed that isolates of C. cladosporioides were effective against two spotted spider mite. This is the first record of natural infection of T. urticae by C.
cladosporioides. 相似文献
117.
ChangKug Kim SooJin Kwon GangSeob Lee HwanKi Lee JiWeon Choi YongHwan Kim JangHo Hahn 《Bioinformation》2009,3(8):344-345
The AllergenPro database has developed a web-based system that will provide information about allergen in microbes, animals and plants. The database has three major parts and
functions:(i) database list; (ii) allergen search; and (iii) allergenicity prediction. The database contains 2,434 allergens related information readily available in the database
such as on allergens in rice microbes (712 records), animals (617 records) and plants (1,105 records). Furthermore, this database provides bioinformatics tools for allergenicity
prediction. Users can search for specific allergens by various methods and can run tools for allergenicity prediction using three different methods.
Availability
The database is available for free at http://www.niab.go.kr/nabic/ 相似文献118.
Erika P. J. Britto Manoel G. C. GondimJr. Jorge B. Torres Komi K. M. Fiaboe Gilberto J. Moraes Markus Knapp 《BioControl》2009,54(3):363-368
Predatory behaviour and reproductive output of the ladybird beetle Stethorus tridens Gordon as function of the tomato red spider mite (TRSM), Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard, densities was investigated in the laboratory. Adult female of S. tridens were isolated in cylindrical plastic arenas, containing a leaf disc of Solanum americanum Mill. with 5, 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 T. evansi nymphs. The number of prey consumed and eggs laid were evaluated daily for ten consecutive days, starting at the oviposition.
Oviposition of S. tridens was positively correlated with prey consumption and lower threshold prey consumption for S. tridens laying eggs was 16.3 mites per day. The instantaneous rate of attack (ca. discovery area) and the handling time were 0.0062 h−1 and 0.83 h, and 0.00254 h−1 and 0.78 h, respectively, for predators at the 1st- and 10th-oviposition day. The predator exhibited a type II functional
response at 1st- and 10th-oviposition day with a maximum consumption per predator of 33 T. evansi nymphs per day at the highest prey density. The ladybird beetle S. tridens is often collected associated with red spider mite colonies on solanaceous wild plants and the results suggest the potential
of this ladybird beetle to control T. evansi in tomatoes crops.
Handling editor: Eric Lucas. 相似文献
119.
Katja Fischer Christopher G. Langendorf James A. Irving Simone Reynolds Charlene Willis Ruby H.P. Law Tanya A. Bashtannyk-Puhalovich James C. Whisstock Robert N. Pike Ashley M. Buckle 《Journal of molecular biology》2009,390(4):635-645
The scabies mite (Sarcoptes scabiei) is a parasite responsible for major morbidity in disadvantaged communities and immuno-compromised patients worldwide. In addition to the physical discomfort caused by the disease, scabies infestations facilitate infection by Streptococcal species via skin lesions, resulting in a high prevalence of rheumatic fever/heart disease in affected communities. The scabies mite produces 33 proteins that are closely related to those in the dust mite group 3 allergen and belong to the S1-like protease family (chymotrypsin-like). However, all but one of these molecules contain mutations in the conserved active-site catalytic triad that are predicted to render them catalytically inactive. These molecules are thus termed scabies mite inactivated protease paralogues (SMIPPs). The precise function of SMIPPs is unclear; however, it has been suggested that these proteins might function by binding and protecting target substrates from cleavage by host immune proteases, thus preventing the host from mounting an effective immune challenge. In order to begin to understand the structural basis for SMIPP function, we solved the crystal structures of SMIPP-S-I1 and SMIPP-S-D1 at 1.85 Å and 2.0 Å resolution, respectively. Both structures adopt the characteristic serine protease fold, albeit with large structural variations over much of the molecule. In both structures, mutations in the catalytic triad together with occlusion of the S1 subsite by a conserved Tyr200 residue is predicted to block substrate ingress. Accordingly, we show that both proteases lack catalytic function. Attempts to restore function (via site-directed mutagenesis of catalytic residues as well as Tyr200) were unsuccessful. Taken together, these data suggest that SMIPPs have lost the ability to bind substrates in a classical “canonical” fashion, and instead have evolved alternative functions in the lifecycle of the scabies mite. 相似文献
120.
Sibylle Stoeckli Karsten Mody Andrea Patocchi Markus Kellerhals Silvia Dorn 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2009,5(1):257-267
The aim of this study was to assess the genetic basis of rust mite (Aculus schlechtendali) resistance in apple (Malus × domestica). A. schlechtendali infestation of apple trees has increased as a consequence of reduced side effects of modern fungicides on rust mites. An
analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) was carried out using linkage map data available for F1 progeny plants of the cultivars ‘Fiesta’ × ‘Discovery’. Apple trees representing 160 different genotypes were surveyed for
rust mite infestation, each at three different sites in two consecutive years. The distribution of rust mites on the individual
apple genotypes was aggregated and significantly affected by apple genotype and site. We identified two QTLs for A. schlechtendali resistance on linkage group 7 of ‘Fiesta’. The AFLP marker E35M42-0146 (20.2 cM) and the RAPD marker AE10-400 (45.8 cM) were
closest positioned to the QTLs and explained between 11.0% and 16.6% of the phenotypic variability. Additionally, putative
QTLs on the ‘Discovery’ chromosomes 4, 5 and 8 were detected. The SSR marker Hi03a10 identified to be associated to one of
the QTLs (AFLP marker E35M42-0146) was traced back in the ‘Fiesta’ pedigree to the apple cultivar ‘Wagener’. This marker may
facilitate the breeding of resistant apple cultivars by marker assisted selection. Furthermore, the genetic background of
rust mite resistance in existing cultivars can be evaluated by testing them for the identified SSR marker.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献