应用线粒体DNA D—loop区遗传多样性分析云南4个少数民族的遗传关系

对傣,佤,拉祜和藏族4个群体的99名个体mtDNA非编码区(D-loop)高变区I 16048－16569及I－41的563bp片优进行序列分析,计算了核酸多态度,并用Neighbro-Joining法构建系统进化树,在进化树中,99个mtDNA序列分别聚在4个群中,所有在COII／tRAN^Lys基因间序列存在9bp 缺失的个体均聚在C1如中,C2群由1个佤族个体和4个藏族个体组成,C3群中除2个藏族个体外均为其他3个民族个体,4个群体的大部分个体聚在C4群,根据核酸多态度计算的净遗传距离重建的进化树显示,傣族,佤族和拉祜族的亲缘关系较接近,与藏族距离较远,结果表明遗传距离与他们的地理分布是非常一致的,而拉枯族与相传同为氐羌后裔并有相近语言的藏族遗传距离却较远,这一结果提示这两个民族可能具有不同的起源。     

贵州布依族、仡佬族、仫佬族、毛南族、壮族Y-SNP的初步研究

为分析贵州布依族、仡佬族、仫佬族、毛南族、壮族父系遗传结构, 探讨其起源及迁徒。通过聚合酶链式反应-限制性内切酶长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测贵州境内5个民族10个SNP位点构成的Y染色体单倍型, 并以省内苗族为对照分析其父系遗传结构。结果显示5个民族集中于Y-SNP中H8单倍型, 苗族样本集中于Y-SNP中的H8、H11与H12单倍型。说明贵州省布依族、仡佬族、仫佬族、毛南族、壮族5个民族之间有密切联系, 且与国内其他地域有较大的遗传差异, 是一个相对独立的群体。     

Fifteenth Century Problems for the Twenty-First Century Gift: Human Tissue Transactions in Ethnically Diverse Societies

The language of the ‘gift’ continues to be drawn upon in attempts to encourage altruistic organ and tissue donation. My aim here is to consider the anxieties that come into focus when this rhetoric is deployed in the context of ethnic minorities and, moreover, their donation practices are situated within universalistic discourses of charity and the gift. The article considers ideas of the body, debt, obligation, relationality, and solidarity, and how these fit within the overarching projects of society, modernity, and democracy when the market figures as an ever more prominent feature of such projects. Drawing on a variety of examples, the piece reflects on the movement of tissue across ethnically and culturally marked corporeal boundaries and highlights the tensions that arise from refusal as well as acceptance of such transactions.     

Which groups are mostly responsible for problems in your neighbourhood?

Abstract

Why and under which conditions do people employ ethnic categories rather than others (such as age, class, gender, and so on) to conceptually organize their social environment? This article analyses an open-ended question on who is seen as responsible for neighbourhood problems taken from a recently conducted large-scale survey in Germany. By doing so, this study tries to give novel insight on native Germans' use of ethnic folk classifications and aims to identify contextual factors that might explain why people characterize problem-groups in ethnic terms. This article shows that drunkards, the elderly and especially teenagers are seen as problem-groups more frequently than any ethnic minority. Conditions of economic decline and out-group size are analysed as to whether they are associated with a higher likelihood of using ethnic categories. The findings suggest that the effects of out-group size are diminishing in their impact, whereas the effects of economic decline are accumulating in strength.     

Discursive constructions of race talk among Black men and women living in the United States

Race talk within discourse analytic traditions have largely focused on the discursive construction of racism in majority groups. This article extends this work by examining how Black adults discursively engaged in race talk. Across focus groups, two conversations emerged: explanations of racialized experiences and how racialized experiences should be dealt with. In explanations of racialized experiences, participants highlighted their own negative behaviours or constructed experiences as imprecise or an artefact of ignorance. These discourses functioned to circumvent inequitable relations premised on White normativity. In explanations of how racialized experiences should be dealt with, participants constructed themselves as having responsibilities, downplayed their racialized experiences or framed them as inevitable. Each of these discourses functioned to construct racialization as something that could be corrected through good behaviour or they placed ideological limits for what is possible for Blacks in society. Implications for the existing literature on race talk are discussed.     

Family relations and the attitude towards ethnic minorities as close kin by marriage

Using data from a nationally representative survey (N=6,632), this study examines among native Dutch adults the relationship between current family characteristics and the attitude towards having ethnic minority members as close kin by marriage. The findings indicate that the opposition to intermarriage is quite high but differs towards different ethnic minority groups. Family cohesion – strength of family ties, the adherence to family norms and contact frequency – is related to lower acceptance of inter-ethnic marriage. This supports the idea that when the ties are tightly knit, family members have an incentive to keep ‘cultural strangers’ out of the family. In contrast, family warmth – feelings of affection and emotional support – is related to higher acceptance of inter-ethnic marriage. This is in agreement with the idea that warm and emotionally supportive family relationships can lead to the development of generalized trust, empathy and open-mindedness.     

Relational identities on EU borderlands: the case of Poles in Belarus and Belarusians in Poland

The paper argues that the well-known triadic relationship between kin state, resident state and national minority needs to take into account a fourth dimension: that of European institutions. This is illustrated through a study of relational identities on the EU’s Eastern border where the reconfiguration of ethnic relations followed the end of the iron curtain and EU accession. It considers two neighbouring ethnic minorities. One minority is part of the EU – the Belarusians in Poland – and the other is not part of the EU – the Poles in Belarus. The paper argues that the intersection of these four relational dimensions result in contrasting kinds of ethnic identification for the two minority groups leading to either fluidification or solidification under different circumstances.     

An ethnoracial perspective: response to Valdez and Golash-Boza

Valdez and Golash-Boza argue that scholarship on race and scholarship on ethnicity have been divorced from each other and call for researchers to put these two paradigms in conversation with one another. I address some of their assertions using previous work, including my own, that has merged racial and ethnic literatures and that has shed new light on old theories, as well as opened the path toward new theories and methods. I argue that an ethnoracial perspective can be leveraged to better understand global racial and ethnic inequalities.     

Refining teratogen warning symbols for diverse populations

BACKGROUND: The current research reports on efforts to refine the design of recently developed teratogen warning symbols and to examine their interpretation by different populations such as those with low health literacy, adolescents, and individuals who are not fluent in English. METHODS: Alternative symbols identified as most successful in an earlier study were further refined through the use of multiple focus groups and expert review. Six symbols emerged as potential candidates to replace the current symbol. A nationally distributed field trial (n = 700) examined these six alternate teratogen warnings in addition to the symbol presently in use. RESULTS: Five of the alternate warning symbols exceeded the level of correct interpretation elicited by the current symbol. No symbol exceeded the ANSI limit of 5% critical confusion. Two symbols consistently elicited the most accurate responses in terms of message interpretation, target audience, intended action, and perceived consequences of ignoring the warning. CONCLUSIONS: This effort produced at least two viable alternative symbols that appear to be more effective than the current symbol at communicating both the instruction to not take while pregnant and the consequence that exposure could cause birth defects. Several results varied by participant characteristics. Understanding how members of diverse subpopulations might interact with these warnings should be informative to healthcare professionals.     

六个民族中结合珠蛋白的遗传多态性

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法研究了黑龙江省及内蒙古自治区6个民族共计1854例健康人的血浆结合珠蛋白的遗传多态性。分别计算了每个群体中的Hp基因频率,经X~2检验证明6个群体中Hp的表型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg法则。同时,和其它地区报告的汉族群体资料进行比较,发现Hp~1基因频率在中国不同地区有从北到南逐渐增高的倾向。