珠芽蓼果实营养成分分析

本文对珠芽蓼果实的营养成分进行了分析.结果表明,珠芽蓼果实含有丰富的蛋白质、总糖、氨基酸和矿质元素,是一种值得有效开发的野生植物资源.     

Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Decreasing Fat and Sugar Intake in Families at Risk for Childhood Obesity

Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of a parent‐focused behavioral intervention on parent and child eating changes and on percentage of overweight changes in families that contain at least one obese parent and a non‐obese child. Research Methods and Procedures: Families with obese parents and non‐obese children were randomized to groups in which parents were provided a comprehensive behavioral weight‐control program and were encouraged to increase fruit and vegetable intake or decrease intake of high‐fat/high‐sugar foods. Child materials targeted the same dietary changes as their parents without caloric restriction. Results: Changes over 1 year showed that treatment influenced targeted parent and child fruit and vegetable intake and high‐fat/high‐sugar intake, with the Increase Fruit and Vegetable group also decreasing their consumption of high‐fat/high‐sugar foods. Parents in the increased fruit and vegetable group showed significantly greater decreases in percentage of overweight than parents in the decreased high‐fat/high‐sugar group. Discussion: These results suggest that focusing on increasing intake of healthy foods may be a useful approach for nutritional change in obese parents and their children.     

我国和世蓝浆果的发展前景

蓝浆果是具独特保健作用、生食加工皆宜的适于我国红黄壤地区开发的新兴经济作物。通过对美国一些研究机构和苗圃的考察及参加在智利举行的第七届国际蓝浆果研讨会,对目前世界蓝浆果的发展状况、趋势及一些最新研究成果作了概述,对我国发展蓝浆果的前景、方向等进行了讨论。     

苹果果肉中抗氰氧化酶(AOX)的分离鉴定

水果果肉的组织特征决定了从果肉中抽提线粒体的方法与其它组织有所不同。采用平面细孔瓜果刨破碎果肉、差速离心、密度梯度纯化等方法能够得到活性较高的线粒体。Brother氧电极能够判断线粒体膜是否完整。利用PAGE凝胶电泳、WesternBlot(AOX单克隆抗体 )等分析手段 ,对‘RoyalGala’苹果中AOX进行了分离和鉴定。结果表明 :‘RoyalGala’苹果果肉线粒体中AOX单体的分子量约在 35～ 37kD之间 ,二聚体约为 90kD左右。这与其它已分离鉴定的产热植物或烟草等线粒体中AOX蛋白的分子量基本一致。     

The faint promise of a distant market: a survey of Belém's trade in non-timber forest products

Increased trade in non-timber forest products (NTFPs) has been promoted as one possible means to slow tropical deforestation by increasing the economic value of intact forest. A market survey of NTFPs occurring in the Capim River basin in eastern Amazonia, Brazil demonstrated that the reality for many smallholder communities in frontier and remote regions includes chronic transportation difficulties, high variability in fruit production, perishable products and lack of market expertise. In some communities, declining abundance of NTFPs due to logging and fire has resulted in a lack of forest products to even meet subsistence needs. In areas close to cities where transportation is assured and where forest clearing has eroded the natural occurrence of some valuable native NTFPs, smallholders who manage and successfully market native fruit and medicinal species are overcoming these obstacles. In frontier regions undergoing rapid transformation, however, decline in locally used and regionally marketed NTFPs currently pose detrimental consequences for communities. Findings suggest that an overemphasis on NTFP marketing has diverted attention from local livelihood, resource access and subsistence issues.     

Magnification of the therapeutic uses of pomegranate fruits and peel in rats injected with carbon tetrachloride (Ccl4)

The liver is more prone to infections that cause fibrosis, such as steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatotoxicity, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Also, Viral hepatitis is a common condition worldwide it worsens into chronic inflammation of the liver. One of the healthiest fruits is the pomegranate for the body and health, as it contains a high nutritional value of minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, so we worked on this investigation to magnify the therapeutic applications of pomegranate fruits (POF) and peel (POP) in carbon tetrachloride-injected rats (Ccl4). The experiment was carried out in a caged animal. All rats were fed a basal diet for one week before the study, and they were divided into seven groups, each with six rats. As a control negative group (C–ve), the first group sample was fed only the basal diet for 28 days. The remaining rats (n = 36) were injected with carbon tetrachloride (Ccl4). Five groups were fed varying concentrations of (5 %, 10 %, 15 % POF, 5 %, and 10 % pomegranate peel (POP)), whereas one group was diagnosed with the illness and disease, and didn't even feed the experimental diet. The results revealed significant increases in T.BIL, D.BIL, and BIL in the serum of rats injected by CC14 to induce hepatopathy compared to the healthy group (normal rats). Also, the best treatment considering the serum D.BIL was recorded for the 5 % POF.     

Sampling Blood from the Lateral Tail Vein of the Rat

Blood samples are commonly obtained in many experimental contexts to measure targets of interest, including hormones, immune factors, growth factors, proteins, and glucose, yet the composition of the blood is dynamically regulated and easily perturbed. One factor that can change the blood composition is the stress response triggered by the sampling procedure, which can contribute to variability in the measures of interest. Here we describe a procedure for blood sampling from the lateral tail vein in the rat. This procedure offers significant advantages over other more commonly used techniques. It permits rapid sampling with minimal pain or invasiveness, without anesthesia or analgesia. Additionally, it can be used to obtain large volume samples (upwards of 1 ml in some rats), and it may be used repeatedly across experimental days. By minimizing the stress response and pain resulting from blood sampling, measures can more accurately reflect the true basal state of the animal, with minimal influence from the sampling procedure itself.     

Examination of Conditions Inhibiting the Formation of Acrylamide in the Model System of Fried Potato

Acrylamide (AAm) is produced in food through the reaction of asparagine and reducing sugar. We examined several methods of reducing the level of AAm using potato tubers. The fried model system that we employed consisted of thin slices that were first treated in water under different conditions before frying. A sufficient amount of water present in the fry material acts as an inhibitor against the formation of AAm and allows only a negligible amount of AAm to form. It was found that given the low content of water, the fry material temperature was sufficiently high to allow a relatively large level of AAm to form. Examination of water treatment prior to frying revealed that higher-temperature treatment water and longer treatment time resulted in the formation of lower levels of AAm. Moreover, removing some of the residual heat had an inhibiting effect on the formation of AAm.     

Seed rain of fleshy and dry propagules in different habitats in the temperate rainforests of Chiloé Island,Chile

In temperate rainforests on Chiloé Island in southern Chile (42°S), most canopy trees bear fleshy, avian‐dispersed propagules, whereas emergent tree species have dry, wind‐borne propagules. In the present study, the following hypothesis was tested: regardless of species, fleshy propagules are deposited in greater numbers in canopy gaps and in forest margins and hence have a more heterogeneous seed shadow than wind‐dispersed propagules. To test this hypothesis, the seed rains of these two types of propagules were compared in the following forest habitats: (i) tree‐fall gaps (edges and centre); (ii) forest margins with adjacent pastures; and (iii) under closed canopy (forest interior). Seed collectors (30‐cm diameter) were placed in two (15 and 100 ha) remnant forest patches (n = 60–100 seed collectors per patch) distributed in the four habitats. Seeds were retrieved monthly from each collector during two reproductive seasons (1996, 1997). In both years, the seed rain was numerically dominated by two species with dry propagules (Laureliopsis philippiana and Nothofagus nitida) and three species with fleshy fruits (Drimys winteri, Amomyrtus luma, and Amomyrtus meli). The seed shadows of the two species with dry, wind‐dispersed seeds differed markedly. Seeds of L. philippiana were deposited predominantly in canopy openings, whereas N. nitida seeds fell almost entirely in the forest interior. The fleshy‐fruited species, Drimys and Amomyrtus spp., had similar seed deposition patterns in the various habitats studied, but the between‐year differences in seed rain were greater in Drimys winteri than in Amomyrtus spp. Although no more than 10% of fleshy‐fruited propagules reached the margins of the patch, approximately 7% of these were carried there by birds. Every year, canopy gaps (pooling data from edges and centres) concentrated approximately 60% of the total seed rain of both propagule types in both forest patches. Forest margins received less than 20% of the total seed rain, which was largely dominated by fleshy‐fruited species. Seed shadows were a species‐specific attribute rather than a trait associated with propagule type and dispersal mode.     

Overcoming Microstructural Limitations in Water Processed Organic Solar Cells by Engineering Customized Nanoparticulate Inks

The application of conjugated polymer and fullerene water‐based nanoparticles (NP) as ecofriendly inks for organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is reported. A low bandgap polymer diketopyrrolopyrrole–quinquethiophene (PDPP5T‐2) and the methanofullerene PC₇₁BM are processed into three types of nanoparticles: pristine fullerene NPs, pristine polymer NPs, and mixed polymer:fullerene NPs, allowing the formation of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) composites with different domain sizes. Mild thermal annealing is required to melt the nanospheres and enable the formation of interconnected pathways within mixed phases. This BHJ is accompanied by a shrinkage of film, whereas the more compact layers show enhanced mobility. Consistently reduced recombination and better performance are found for mixed NP, containing both, the polymer and the fullerene within a single NP. The optimized solar cell processed by ultrasmall NPs delivers a power conversion efficiency of about 3.4%. This is among the highest values reported for aqueous processed OPVs but still lacks performance compared to those being processed from halogenated solvents. Incomplete crystallization is identified as the main root for reduced efficiency. It is nevertheless believed that postprocessing does not cut attraction from printing aqueous organic NP inks as a trendsetting strategy for the reliable and ecofriendly production of organic solar cells.