Relationship between excision repair and the cytotoxic and mutagenic effect of the ‘anti’ 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide of benzo[a]pyrene in human cells

The cytotoxic and mutagenic effect of (±)-7β,8α-dihydroxy-9α,10α-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (anti BPDE) in normally excision diploid human cells treated just prior to onset of S was compared with that of cells allowed ～ 16 h for excision repair before onset of S and with that observed in excision-deficient serodema pigmentosum (SP12BE) cells. The cells were synchronized by release from density inhibition of cell replication. DNA synthesis began ～ 22 h after the cells were plated at lower density (i.e., 1.4 × 10⁴ cells/cm²). The frequency of thioguanine-resistant mutants induced in normal cells treated just prior to onset of S was ～ 12- to 16-fold higher than that observed in cells treated in early G₁ or treated in G₀ (confluence) and then plated at lower density. The frequency approximated that expected for XP12BE cells from extrapolation of data obtained at lower doses. The frequency of mutants measured in normal cells treated in exponential growth was also much higher than that in the cells treated in early G₁ or in G₀, No such difference could be seen in XP12BE cells treated in exponential growth or in G₀. In contrast to the mutagenicity data in the normal cells, there was no significant difference in the slope of the survival curve of normal cells treated at various times prior to S phase at low densities. However, normal cells treated even at the onset of S exhibited survival equal to XP12BE cells give a 4- to 5-fold lower dose. The data support the hypothesis that DNA synthesis is the cellular event which converts unexcised DNA lesions into mutations. However, they indicate that S is not the event primarily responsible for translating DNA damage into cell death. Accompanying studies on the rate of excision of anti BPDE adducts from the normal cells during the period priot to S support the conclusions.     

Cycloheximide resistance in Chinese hamster cells. II. Induction of Chm resistance in Chinese hamster cells by N-nitrosomethylurea.

Mutant Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells with a resistance to 7-10(-7) and 8-10(-7) M cycloheximide (CHM) were induced at mutation rates of 1.9-5.2-10(-3) and 1.6-1.8-10(-3) respectively after treatment with N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU) at 100 mug/ml. The induced mutation rates differed by two orders of magnitude from the spontaneous rate of mutation to CHM resistance.     

粤北南岭大宝山矿流域山水林田湖草修复阻力与优先级分析

遵循“防源、控流、治汇”理念,以粤北南岭大宝山矿区作为风险源,以所在流域为研究区,分析研究区主要阻力因素,采用最小累积阻力模型建立区域生态阻力面;利用Jenks自然断点法,分析生态修复优先级,提出分区治理重点和对策。研究结果表明：研究区综合阻力系数处于9-32之间,各评价指标的阻力面空间分布格局相似,其阻力值呈现出东南部大,西北部小的空间格局;长期的矿业开采污染了流域生态环境,且距离矿区越近的区域生态修复的优先性越高。将研究区分为4个优先级区,各区修复优先性依次为Ⅰ区 > Ⅱ区 > Ⅲ区 > Ⅳ区。Ⅰ区重点在于治水,提高pH、降低重金属有效态含量和增加地表植被覆盖度。Ⅱ区重点在于河流治理与治土,确保污染减排,增强拦泥库的废水调节。Ⅲ区、Ⅳ区核心在治土,逐步改善土壤条件。研究结果为修复项目在时空尺度上落地和科学治理提供科学依据。     

兴安落叶松种群格局的分形特征信息维数

种群格局信息维数能够刻划格局强度的尺度变化程度,揭示出种群个体分布的非均匀性状况。采用信息维数对大兴安岭兴安落叶松种群格局的研究显示,各类兴安落叶松林中兴安落叶松种群格局的信息维数大小依次为越桔－兴安落叶松林（１．４８０）＞杜香－兴安落叶松林（１．３７３）＞杜鹃－兴安落叶松林（１．３２１）＞草类－兴安落叶松林（１．０９３）。虽为群落建群种,兴安落叶松种群格局的信息维数较低（＜１．５,远离２）,格局     

Comparing Protein Expression in Erwinia amylovora Strain TS3128 Cultured under Three Sets of Environmental Conditions

Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire-blight disease in apple and pear trees, was first isolated in South Korea in 2015. Although numerous studies, including omics analyses, have been conducted on other strains of E. amylovora, studies on South Korean isolates remain limited. In this study, we conducted a comparative proteomic analysis of the strain TS3128, cultured in three media representing different growth conditions. Proteins related to virulence, type III secretion system, and amylovoran production, were more abundant under minimal conditions than in rich conditions. Additionally, various proteins associated with energy production, carbohydrate metabolism, cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis, and ion uptake were identified under minimal conditions. The strain TS3128 expresses these proteins to survive in harsh environments. These findings contribute to understanding the cellular mechanisms driving its adaptations to different environmental conditions and provide proteome profiles as reference for future studies on the virulence and adaptation mechanisms of South Korean strains.     

钦州湾秋季和春季浮游动物分布特征及影响因素

为了解钦州湾浮游动物群落的时空分布特征及与主要环境因子的关系,于2014年10月和2015年3月进行了秋季和春季两航次的调查。结果表明:该海湾的浮游动物群落有明显的季节变化。秋季共鉴定出12类87种,其中优势种有太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)、肥胖三角溞(Evadne tergestina)、亨生莹虾(Lucifer hanseni)、百陶箭虫(Sagitta bedoti)和长尾类幼虫(Macrura larvae);春季共鉴定出11类48种,优势种为中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)和太平洋纺锤水蚤;秋季浮游动物的平均丰度、生物量和多样性指数(528.92个/m~3、110.60 mg/m~3和2.22)均高于春季(48.30个/m~3、61.10 mg/m~3和1.70)。空间分布上,钦州湾外湾浮游动物丰度、生物量和多样性指数的平均值皆高于内湾。多维尺度分析表明,秋季内湾群落相似性较高,春季外湾浮游动物群落相似性较高。相关性分析表明盐度与营养盐是影响钦州湾浮游动物分布的主要环境因子。与2011—2012年数据相比,钦州湾浮游动物群落结构已趋于单一化和小型化,以致生物量明显下降。这一现象主要与钦州湾海水富营养化以及大面积高密度牡蛎养殖有密切的关系。     

基于模式识别的景观格局分析与尺度转换研究框架

景观格局分析和尺度转换是生态学和地理学研究的核心问题之一.尽管多年来投入了大量的精力,然而由于尺度效应的复杂性和尺度转换过程的不确定性,仍然没有找到合适的方法.目前关于尺度转换的研究存在两个误区,其一是过分重视空间尺度的转换,忽略了过程尺度的转换;其二是过分强调了对不同尺度间数量关系的外推与转换,忽略了不同尺度间生态规律的外推与转换.在系统分析了景观格局与尺度转换研究现状、存在问题和难点的基础上,提出了借用模式识别的原理和方法,针对特定的生态过程,开展景观格局分析与尺度转换的思路.认为尺度转换的关键在于通过识别不同尺度上影响生态过程的主导因子,找到各个尺度上“格局（环境因子空间组合）-过程”、尺度间“格局-格局”之间的对应关系,通过建立“环境-格局-过程”模式识别数据库,就能够建立不同尺度之间基于模式识别的尺度转换方法.     

基于文献计量分析的生态修复现状研究

以中国知网学术期刊网络出版总库和WEB OF SCIENCE中1997—2015年的期刊论文为数据源,以"生态修复(ecological remediation和ecological restoration)"为关键词进行检索,利用共词分析方法,同时结合Bibexcel软件对检索结果进行分析,利用Ucinet和Netdraw软件绘制出共词网络可视图,并通过SPSS软件进行多维尺度分析,以此来研究高频关键词之间的内在联系,探讨国内外生态修复领域中的研究热点以及研究现状。以文献计量学的分析方法客观的评价国内外生态修复的研究概况及研究热点,明确生态修复技术研究探索的方向,从而为加强生态修复技术的研究提供理论依据。     

基于GIS支持下的土地资源空间格局生态优化

以防治水土流失和维护景观整体生态优化为目标,选择我国滇西南地区亚热带山地为典型案例,利用遥感数据和GIS的空间信息处理技术,采用适宜性评价与土地资源利用格局整体优化相结合的方法,用最小累积阻力模型(MCR)确定土地利用的功能分区和生态格局组分,探讨山地土地资源空间格局生态优化途径.结果表明:(1)基于GIS空间分析技术和"成本距离加权"制图分析工具,采用最小累积阻力模型(MCR)的土地资源空间格局生态优化方法是可行的;(2)将水平生态过程作为一种对景观的控制过程来对待,以常绿阔叶林和思茅松林为保护源,基于最小累积阻力面(MCR)模型,构建了对土地资源整体生态功能起维护作用,对源内物种的迁移或扩散过程具有关键作用的廊道、辐射道和战略点等生态格局组分;(3)基于MCR阻力值建立的频率序列及拐点图,拐点两侧的土地利用类型异质性较大,可以作为划分土地功能分区的临界点,以此划分出有利于生态安全的核心源保护区、生态缓冲区、生态过渡区、生态边缘区、农业耕作区和居民生活区等6类土地功能区,并提出各功能区的管理措施.