水杉凋落物水浸提液对其种子萌发和生长的化感作用

为探究水杉凋落物的化感作用是否是影响其天然更新的障碍因素,该文设置了8种水杉新鲜凋落物和自然凋落物水浸提液浓度200、100、50、20、10、5、2、1 g·L^-1和CK,分析不同类型不同浓度凋落物水浸提液对水杉种子萌发和生长的化感作用的影响。结果表明：(1)水杉新鲜凋落物水浸提液对水杉种子发芽率和发芽势影响不显著(P>0.05),对发芽指数有显著影响(P<0.05),1、100、200 g·L^-1显著抑制种子发芽;水杉自然凋落物水浸提液对水杉种子萌发3个指标影响均不显著(P>0.05),而浓度为5、10、50、200 g·L^-1时则有抑制效应。(2)水杉种子芽长、胚轴和主根长度均在不同浓度的新鲜和自然水杉凋落物水浸提液间差异显著(P<0.05),并随着水浸提液浓度的增加(≥10 g·L^-1)而逐渐降低,尤其是50～200 g·L^-1范围内抑制作用显著增强。(3)新鲜和自然水杉凋落物水浸提液对自身种子萌发后生长的抑制作用相较于对种子萌发强,并且新鲜凋落...     

Growth performance,haematological assessment and chemical composition of Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) fed different levels of Aloe vera extract as feed additives in a closed aquaculture system

A 105-day experimental trial was conducted to assess different levels of dietary Aleo vera extract supplementation on water quality parameters, proximate composition, growth performance and haematological parameters of fry Oreochromis niloticus. Four different percentages of dietary leaf extract powder of Aleo vera (ALE) with a basal feed, designated as, i.e., T0 (Control group; without ALE), T1 (1% ALE), T2 (2% ALE), and T3 (3% ALE). Fish fry was reared in concrete tanks (7.0 m, 1.6 m, 1.0: L, W, H; water volume 11.2 m3/tank), with an average initial weight 4.04 ± 0.03 g/ fry, and each treatment was triplicated. Fry was randomly distributed at a stocking rate of 450 individuals/ tanks. The water quality parameters revealed that temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and nitrates were found in a promising range as given by FAO/WHO limits. However, the record values obtained for Electric Conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solids (TDS), and alkalinities were not found in all tanks' suitable range according to FAO/WHO limits. The results revealed a significant impact of different percentages of dietary ALE supplementation on fry's body composition and haematological parameters. Moreover, the final body weight, final body length, average daily weight gain (g), net weight gain (g) and specific growth rate (%) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in T1 and T2 compared with T0 and T3 treatments. The poorest feed conversion ratio was recorded in the T2 group compared with other treatments. Thus, the current study provides information about the nutritional quality of Nile tilapia culturing in Pakistan.     

桑叶水提浸膏的抑菌作用研究

研究桑叶水提浸膏对五种食品常见污染菌的抑菌作用。通过滤纸片扩散法测定其相对抑菌活性。结果表明,桑叶水提浸膏对金黄色葡萄球菌有较强的抑制作用,对大肠杆菌作用次之,对枯草芽孢杆菌、荧光假单孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌抑菌效果较差。桑叶水提浸膏对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度是5%,抑菌作用受pH和温度的影响较大,在酸性条件下抑菌效果较好,低于60℃处理样品对抑菌效果影响不大,但高于80℃处理,样品抑菌活性明显降低。     

Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) synthesized by tea leaf extracts against pathogenic Vibrio harveyi and its protective efficacy on juvenile Feneropenaeus indicus

Aims: To determine the antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) synthesized by tea leaf extract against Vibrio harveyi and its protective effect on juvenile Feneropenaeus indicus. Methods and Results: AgNps were synthesized by a simple procedure using tea leaf extract as the reducing agent. Bacteriological tests were performed in Luria–Bertani medium on solid agar plates and in liquid systems supplemented with V. harveyi against different concentrations of AgNps. AgNps synthesized in the present study were shown to be effective against V. harveyi isolated from F. indicus. The combined results of long‐ and short‐term treatment of AgNps synthesized by tea leaf extract showed a 71% reduction in accumulated mortality. Conclusions: The long‐term administration of AgNps synthesized by tea leaf extracts at the concentration of 10 μg significantly reduced the mortalities in F. indicus from V. harveyi infections. Significance and Impact of the Study: The AgNps synthesized by tea leaf extract may be an alternative to antibiotics in controlling V. harveyi infections.     

An automatic system for the assessment of complex medium additives under cultivation conditions

Complex medium additives such as yeast extract or peptone are often used in industrial cell culture processes to prolong cell growth and/or to improve product formation. The quality of those supplements is dependent on the preparation method and can differ from lot to lot. To guarantee consistent production these different lots have to be tested prior to use in fermentation processes. Because a detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of all components of such a complex mixture is a very difficult task, another assessment method has to be chosen. The best way to evaluate the effect of such supplements is to monitor cell activity during real cultivation conditions with and without the added supplement lot. A bioreactor-based test system has been developed to determine the oxygen requirement of the cells as a response to the addition of a supplement to be tested under standardized conditions. Investigations were performed with a mouse-mouse hybridoma cell line and yeast extracts as an example for complex medium additives. The results showed differences in the impact between different extract lots and between different concentrations of an extract.     

A PHAGOTROPHICALLY DERIVABLE GROWTH FACTOR IN THE PLASTIDIC DINOFLAGELLATE GYRODINIUM RESPLENDENS (DINOPHYCEAE)

The marine dinoflagellate Gyrodinium resplendens Hulburt is a mixotroph. It possesses chloroplasts and is photosynthetic, and it also feeds phagotrophically on another dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) Schiller. The species could be cultivated only in food-replete cultures. When kept in cultures without food, cellular chl a content and photosynthetic activity of G. resplendens decreased and growth ceased after a few days. In food-replete cultures, G. resplendens could grow strictly heterotrophically in darkness, but growth rate was then three times lower than in food-replete cultures kept in light. It is suggested that the main importance of phagotrophy is to acquire a growth factor essential to photosynthetic growth. The addition of soil extract or amino acids to the growth medium induced enhanced photosynthetic growth of the species even without the presence of particulate food, but only for approximately 2 weeks. Long-term starvation of G. resplendens led to loss of the ability to feed, and therefore starved cells eventually reached a point of no return where neither photosynthesis nor phagotrophy could sustain further growth. Light microscopical observations on G. resplendens revealed new morphological and behavioral details of the species.     

HPLC-based bioactivity profiling of plant extracts: a kinetic assay for the identification of monoamine oxidase-A inhibitors using human recombinant monoamine oxidase-A

An assay for the HPLC-based search for monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) inhibitors in plant extracts was established. It combines human recombinant MAO-A, expressed as GST-fusion protein in yeast, with a kinetic measurement of the conversion of kynuramine to 4-hydroxyquinoline. Substrate selectivity and kinetic parameters of the GST-fusion protein were comparable to the wild-type enzyme. The applicability of the assay to HPLC-based activity profiling was tested with plant extracts spiked with small amounts of known MAO inhibitors.     

Pathogenesis of methanol-induced craniofacial defects in C57BL/6J mice

BACKGROUND: Methanol administered to C57BL/6J mice during gastrulation causes severe craniofacial dysmorphology. We describe dysmorphogenesis, cell death, cell cycle assessment, and effects on development of cranial ganglia and nerves observed following administration of methanol to pregnant C57BL/6J mice on gestation day (GD) 7. METHODS: Mice were injected (i.p.) on GD 7 with 0, 2.3, 3.4, or 4.9 gm/kg methanol, split into two doses. In embryos of mice treated with 0 or 4.9 gm/kg methanol, we used histology and LysoTracker red staining on GD 8 0 hr through GD 8 18 hr to examine cell death and dysmorphogenesis, and we also evaluated cell-cycle distribution and proliferation using flow cytometry (FCM) and BrdU immunohistochemistry. On GD 10, we evaluated the effect of GD 7 exposure to 0, 2.3, 3.4, or 4.9 gm/kg methanol on cranial ganglia and nerve development using neurofilament immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Methanol treatment on GD 7 resulted in reduced mesenchyme surrounding the fore- and midbrain, and in the first branchial arches, by GD 8 12 hr. There were disruptions in the forebrain neuroepithelium and optic pit. Neural crest cell emigration from the mid- and hindbrain region was reduced in methanol-exposed embryos. Methanol had no apparent effect on BrdU incorporation or cell-cycle distribution on GD 8. Cell death was observed in the hindbrain region along the path of neural crest migration and in the trigeminal ganglion on GD 8 18 hr. Development of the cranial ganglia and nerves was adversely affected by methanol. Development of ganglia V, VIII, and IX was decreased at all dosage levels; ganglion VII was reduced at 3.4 and 4.9 gm/kg, and ganglion X was reduced at 4.9 gm/kg. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that gastrulation-stage methanol exposure affects neural crest cells and the anterior mesoderm and neuroepithelium. Cell death was evident in areas of migrating neural crest cells, but only at time points after methanol was cleared from the embryo, suggesting an indirect effect on these cells. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2004. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Screening combinatorial libraries of molecularly imprinted polymer films casted on membranes in single-use membrane modules

A new and fast technique for screening combinatorial libraries of molecularly imprinted polymers is presented. The procedure is based on commercially available membrane modules which are rinsed with pre-polymerization imprinting mixtures. After the in situ polymerization and generation of MIP films on the PTFE membranes within the modules, the membranes are evaluated in terms of affinity towards the target molecule (template) R-(-)-phenylbutyric acid. Therefore, after template extraction from the freshly produced membranes a solution of this target molecule is flushed through the module. By analyzing the remaining analyte concentration in the permeate, the amount of analyte adsorbed on the membrane can be calculated and related to specific interactions with the molecular imprints. By this means, optimized recipes in terms of cross-linker to template ratios could be obtained in combination with the optimal porogen, when screening p-divinylbenzene or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker and porogens like acetonitrile, dimethylsulfoxide and methanol.     

10种菊科植物水提液对小麦幼苗生长的影响

用小白酒草、黄鼠草、刺儿菜、一年蓬、苍耳、苦苣菜、旋覆花、紫菀、黄花蒿、野塘蒿等10种菊科植物的水提液,对小麦进行不同浓度的皿内沙培实验,分别对小麦的根长、苗高及鲜重等三项指标进行测定的统计结果表明：10种菊科植物水提液对小麦幼苗生长的影响依种类有差异,其中旋覆花、黄花蒿、野塘蒿、紫菀对小麦表现出明显克生作用,而小白酒草、黄鼠草则表现出一定的促生作用;刺耳菜、一年蓬、苍耳对小麦幼苗生长的影响不明显。