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951.
952.
性腺母细胞瘤(Gonadoblastoma, GB)是一种由性索和生殖细胞演化而来的罕见原位性腺肿瘤,与性腺遗传物质异常有密切联系。80%的GB患者表现为46,XY女性表型,其余为45,XY 和46,XX性别发育异常患者等。35%的GB会进一步演化为无性细胞瘤和精原细胞瘤等恶性肿瘤。由于表型与遗传的异质性,GB的分子遗传机制还未完全揭示。越来越多的研究显示GB的发生与性别分化和决定调控基因(如SRY、WT1、SOX9、Foxl2和TSPY等)之间存在密切关联,且表现出遗传与表观遗传调控相互作用。本文综述了GB的临床表现、病理特征、诊断与治疗措施,总结了性腺遗传异常导致GB的分子遗传与表观遗传调控机制,分析并归纳参与GB形成相关基因的共同表达调控网络,指出了当前研究中的障碍与不足,为进一步研究GB致病分子机制提供新思路。 相似文献
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Oocytes from the surf clam Spisula solidissima are arrested at prophase I of meiotic maturation, until fertilization, We analyzed the patterns of phosphorylated proteins under procedures mimicking, to various degrees, the normal sperm-induced activation process. High K+-seawater, the phorbol ester TPA, serotonin, or a combination of these were used to analyze their effects on both germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and protein phosphorylation. Oocytes were preloaded with 36S-methionine or 32P-phosphate, and the pattern of labeled proteins was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography. When comparing, in high K+-activated oocytes, the pattern of phosphorylated proteins with that of synthesized proteins, it appeared that these two processes were largely unrelated to one another. Activation induced by TPA was slower (60 min for GVBD) than that induced by high K+ or serotonin (12–15 min for GVBD), but was similarly sensitive to the protein phosphorylation inhibitor, 6-dimethylaminopurine, and resulted in a qualitatively similar pattern of phosphorylated proteins appearing with slower kinetics, reflecting slower GVBD. When both serotonin and TPA were added to oocytes, the kinetics of GVBD was intermediate (30 min), and so was the appearance of phosphorylated proteins. Finally, the kinetics of development of H1 kinase activities was evaluated in oocytes activated by serotonin, TPA, or both. Similar to the general pattern of phosphorylated proteins, increased histone H1 kinase activities developed to similar degrees but with kinetics reflecting those of GVBD in each case. In conclusion, activations by different artificial agents, utilizing different pathways, resulted in GVBD with different kinetics but similar overall patterns of phosphorylated proteins after a lag typical of the agent used. This suggests that diverse pathways may initially be used to activate oocytes, but that these different pathways eventually merge into a common one, resulting in a highly conserved and regulated sequence of phosphorylation processes. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
954.
Qiaojuan Mei Huiying Li Yu Liu Xiaofei Wang Wenpei Xiang 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2022,26(1):16
CDC42 is a member of the Rho‐GTPase family and is involved in a variety of cellular functions including regulation of cell cycle progression, constitution of the actin backbone and membrane transport. In particular, CDC42 plays a key role in the establishment of polarity in female vertebrate oocytes, and essential to this major regulatory role is its local occupation of specific regions of the cell to ensure that the contractile ring is assembled at the right time and place to ensure proper gametogenesis. The multifactor controlled ‘inactivation‐activation’ process of CDC42 also allows it to play an important role in the multilevel signalling network, and the synergistic regulation of multiple genes ensures maximum precision during gametogenesis. The purpose of this paper is to review the role of CDC42 in the control of gametogenesis and to explore its related mechanisms, with the aim of further understanding the great research potential of CDC42 in female vertebrate germ cells and its future clinical translation. 相似文献
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OsSGO1 maintains synaptonemal complex stabilization in addition to protecting centromeric cohesion during rice meiosis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wang M Tang D Wang K Shen Y Qin B Miao C Li M Cheng Z 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2011,67(4):583-594
Shugoshin is a conserved protein in eukaryotes that protects the centromeric cohesin of sister chromatids from cleavage by separase during meiosis. In this study, we identify the rice (Oryza sativa, 2n=2x=24) homolog of ZmSGO1 in maize (Zea mays), named OsSGO1. During both mitosis and meiosis, OsSGO1 is recruited from nucleoli onto centromeres at the onset of prophase. In the Tos17-insertional Ossgo1-1 mutant, centromeres of sister chromatids separate precociously from each other from metaphase I, which causes unequal chromosome segregation during meiosis II. Moreover, the release of OsSGO1 from nucleoli is completely blocked in Ossgo1-1, which leads to the absence of OsSGO1 in centromeric regions after the onset of mitosis and meiosis. Furthermore, the timely assembly and maintenance of synaptonemal complexes during early prophase I are affected in Ossgo1 mutants. Finally, we found that the centromeric localization of OsSGO1 depends on OsAM1, not other meiotic proteins such as OsREC8, PAIR2, OsMER3, or ZEP1. 相似文献
958.
近来研究发现小RNA(small RNAs)可作为转录后及翻译水平上基因表达调节的重要调节因子,利用小RNA来阐明调节精子发生的分子机制取得了显著进展。这些小RNA主要分为3类,即小干扰RNA(siRNA)、微小RNA(miRNA)以及与piwi蛋白相互作用的RNA(piRNA)。在减数分裂和精子发生过程中,小RNA具有多种生物学功能,如利用siRNA体外转染或体内注射来敲低特定基因从而研究该基因在精子发生过程中的作用;miRNA可能参与精子发生中有丝、减数及后减数分裂阶段的基因表达调节;piRNA主要参与调节雄性生殖细胞减数及后减数分裂的过程,在精子发生中起抑制反转录转座子(retrotransposons)的作用。文章对小RNAs合成、作用机制、功能及展望等最新进展进行了综述。 相似文献
959.
【目的】探究组蛋白H3Ser10磷酸化(H3Ser10ph)在家蚕Bombyx mori精母细胞减数分裂中的功能。【方法】解剖并分离家蚕4龄幼虫至蛹期精巢组织,通过丙烯酰胺凝胶包埋制备处于减数分裂不同时期的精巢组织玻片,以免疫荧光标记检测H3Ser10ph抗体在精母细胞减数分裂不同时期的定位特点。【结果】在家蚕有核精子精母细胞减数分裂过程中,组蛋白H3Ser10的磷酸化发生在粗线期染色体的特定位置,双线期H3Ser10ph信号逐渐减弱,至终变期时在染色体上完全检测不到磷酸化信号。随着细胞周期的进行,磷酸化信号又开始逐渐增强,减数第一次分裂中期时达到最高水平。当细胞进入减数第二次分裂前中期时,染色体臂上的H3Ser10ph信号消失,在靠近纺锤体微管的分裂面处有弥散的H3Ser10ph抗体的信号,减数第二次分裂末期,仅剩余非常微弱的H3Ser10ph信号残留于染色体的特定位置。在无核精子精母细胞减数分裂过程中,在中期I至末期I一直在染色体上有较均一的3Ser10ph信号,后期I时纺锤丝微管与赤道面平行。【结论】组蛋白H3Ser10磷酸化与家蚕有核精子和无核精子精母细胞减数分裂中染色质的动态变化相关。 相似文献
960.