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Non-photic clock-resetting events (arousal and locomotor activity) in the subjective day reduced expression of Period genes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of hamsters. This decrease was attenuated by a 30-min light pulse occurring during the last 0.5 h of 3.5 h of confinement to a novel running wheel. This provides an example at the molecular level of an interaction between different modalities of synchronizing agents. 相似文献
875.
松果腺褪黑激素对大鼠下丘脑视交叉上核AVP VIP肽能神经细胞的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究选用成年健康雄性Wistar大鼠建立松果腺切除和松果腺褪黑激素(MLT)注射模型,并设置正常、松果腺切除假术、生理盐水注射三种对照组。MLT注射时间分别为1000,1700,2400。实验组、对照组动物均存活30天,于上午900麻醉、固定、取材、切片、ABC免疫组化染色、显微图象分析系统(MIAS)相对定量分析处理,目的在于观察MLT对SCN不同肽能神经细胞的作用。结果表明:MLT对SCN内AVP样神经细胞无显著作用,而可促使其VIP样神经细胞中VIP含量增多,且此种效应表现出显著的时间窗现象 相似文献
876.
Laroche T Martin SG Tsai-Pflugfelder M Gasser SM 《Journal of structural biology》2000,129(2-3):159-174
Genes integrated near the telomeres of budding yeast have a variegated pattern of gene repression that is mediated by the silent information regulatory proteins Sir2p, Sir3p, and Sir4p. Immunolocalization and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) reveal 6-10 perinuclear foci in which silencing proteins and subtelomeric sequences colocalize, suggesting that these are sites of Sir-mediated repression. Telomeres lacking subtelomeric repeat elements and the silent mating locus, HML, also localize to the periphery of the nucleus. Conditions that disrupt telomere proximal repression disrupt the focal staining pattern of Sir proteins, but not necessarily the localization of telomeric DNA. To monitor the telomere-associated pools of heterochromatin-binding proteins (Sir and Rap1 proteins) during mitotic cell division, we have performed immunofluorescence and telomeric FISH on populations of yeast cells synchronously traversing the cell cycle. We observe a partial release of Rap1p from telomeres in late G2/M, although telomeres appear to stay clustered during G2-phase and throughout mitosis. A partial release of Sir3p and Sir4p during mitosis also occurs. This is not observed upon HU arrest, although other types of DNA damage cause a dramatic relocalization of Sir and Rap1 proteins. The observed cell cycle dynamics were confirmed by direct epifluorescence of a GFP-Rap1p fusion. Using live GFP fluorescence we show that the diffuse mitotic distribution of GFP-Rap1p is restored to the interphase pattern of foci in early G1-phase. 相似文献
877.
Fukushima K 《Current opinion in neurobiology》2003,13(6):647-654
To maintain optimal clarity of objects moving slowly in three dimensional space, frontal eyed-primates use both smooth-pursuit and vergence (depth) eye movements to track precisely those objects and maintain their images on the foveae of left and right eyes. The caudal parts of the frontal eye fields contain neurons that discharge during smooth-pursuit. Recent results have provided a new understanding of the roles of the frontal eye field pursuit area and suggest that it may control the gain of pursuit eye movements, code predictive visual signals that drive pursuit, and code commands for smooth eye movements in a three dimensional coordinate frame. 相似文献
878.
单配制和多配制动物社会行为有差异,这些差异可能与雌激素受体类型有关(ERs)。虽然多配制大鼠和小鼠中枢神经雌激素受体α(ERα)和β(ERβ)免疫反应在大脑的分布已有报道,单配制雄性草原田鼠中枢神经ERα的分布也有报道,但单配制田鼠ERα和(或)ERβ在雌性和雄性分布差异未见报道。本研究对雄性和雌性棕色田鼠前脑区域ERα和ERβ免疫反应(IR)细胞数量进行比较。研究结果表明:(1)免疫反应主要分布在细胞核中。 (2)ERα-IR和ERβ-IR细胞广泛分布于整个雌性和雄性前脑区域,在许多脑区表达有重叠。然而,不同受体在雌雄不同脑核中的分布数量是不同的。(3)ERα 和ERβ的分布存在性别差异。例如,雌性ERα在视前核中部(MPN),终纹床和(BNST)和杏仁内侧核(MeA)比雄性多,相反雄性ERβ在MPN和BNST比雌性多。这些研究结果可能为我们理解如何通过ERα和ERβ调节动物的社会行为,及雌性和雄性社会行为的差异提供一个重要的神经解剖学基础。 相似文献
879.
Kohno D Sone H Minokoshi Y Yada T 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2008,366(2):388-392
Ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone, directly activates neuropeptide (NPY) neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), and thereby stimulates food intake. The hypothalamic level of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an intracellular energy sensor, is activated by peripheral and central administration of ghrelin. We examined whether ghrelin regulates AMPK activity in NPY neurons of the ARC. Single neurons were isolated from the ARC and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured by fura-2 microfluorometry, followed by immunocytochemical identification of NPY, phospho-AMPK, and phospho-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Ghrelin and AICAR, an AMPK activator, increased [Ca2+]i in neurons isolated from the ARC. The ghrelin-responsive neurons highly overlapped with AICAR-responsive neurons. The neurons that responded to both ghrelin and AICAR were primarily NPY-immunoreactive neurons. Treatment with ghrelin increased phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC. An AMPK inhibitor, compound C, suppressed ghrelin-induced [Ca2+]i increases. These results demonstrate that ghrelin increases [Ca2+]i via AMPK-mediated signaling in the ARC NPY neurons. 相似文献
880.
Ballini C Corte LD Pazzagli M Colivicchi MA Pepeu G Tipton KF Giovannini MG 《Journal of neurochemistry》2008,106(3):1035-1043
The extracellular levels of aspartate, glutamate and GABA were measured by microdialysis, coupled with an HPLC method, in rat prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and ventral hippocampus (VH) before and during the performance of a step-down inhibitory task. The basal levels of glutamate were about 50% higher than those of aspartate, and GABA levels were about 20-folds smaller than those of the excitatory amino acids. There were no significant differences in the basal levels of any of the three amino acids between the two brain regions. The extracellular levels of aspartate increased during acquisition and recall trials in both VH and mPFC, whereas those of glutamate increased in the VH during acquisition only. A significant increase in GABA levels was also detected during acquisition but only in the mPFC. The neuronal origin of the increased extracellular levels of aspartate, glutamate and GABA was demonstrated by administering tetrodotoxin directly into the mPFC or VH by reverse dialysis. These findings, together with previous evidence from our and other laboratories, indicate a differential release of aspartate and glutamate from excitatory neurons during the performance of behavioral responses, and therefore, distinct roles for the two excitatory amino acids should be envisaged. 相似文献