银杏外种皮提取物对几种蔬菜病原菌的抑制作用

以银杏外种皮提取物对几种蔬菜病原菌进行抑菌效果检测,结果表明,乙醇提取物、甲醇提取物的抑菌效果较好。乙醇提取物浓度为500 mg·mL^-1时,抑菌效果除对甘蓝黑斑病菌为88.5%外,对白菜炭疽病菌、茄子立枯病菌、茄子白绢病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌均为100%。甲醇提取物浓度为500 mg·mL^-1时,对上述5种病菌的抑菌率均为100%。这为今后田间防治5种病菌及开发银杏植物源杀菌剂提供科学依据。     

黄芪、何首乌、女贞子、菟丝子混合提取物对体外培养毛囊生长的影响及药理作用研究

目的:通过体内外实验探讨黄芪、何首乌、女贞子、菟丝子混合中药提取物对毛囊增殖的影响作用以及其作用机理。方法:通过体外培养的C57BL/6小鼠毛囊器官模型观察不同浓度中药提取物对毛囊生长的影响;采用MTT法测定不同浓度中药提取物对毛乳头增殖的影响;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western Blot)和ELISA检测中药提取物对毛乳头细胞分泌肝细胞生长因子(HGF)的影响。结果:中药提取物能够刺激体外培养的小鼠毛囊的生长,800μg/mL浓度的促进作用最强;160μg/mL中药提取物对毛乳头细胞的增殖作用最强,与米诺地尔、齐墩果酸阳性对照存在显著性差异(P0.05)。而且,药提取物促进了毛乳头细胞分泌HGF。结论:黄芪、何首乌、女贞子、菟丝子混合中药提取物在促进毛发生长中起到重要作用,促进毛乳头细胞增殖和分泌HGF是促进毛囊生长的可能性药理机制。     

In vitro nemato-toxic potential of some leaf extracts on Juvenile mortality of Meloidogyne incognita race-3

Abstract

Aqueous leaf extracts of four commonly growing weeds namely Ageratum conyzoides, Elephantopus scaber, Lantana camara and Xanthium strumarium were used to evaluate their nematicidal activity on second stage juvenile of Meloidogyne incognita race-3. The juveniles were exposed to various concentration of leaf extract namely 250, 500, 1000 and 2000?ppm for 12, 24 and 48?h, respectively. All leaf extracts showed the nematicidal property in concentration and time-dependent manner. The maximum juvenile mortality was recorded in E. scaber throughout the incubation period followed by X. strumarium, L. camara and A. conyzoides. The regression and correlation of regression revealed the best concentration-dependent effect of aqueous leaf extracts on nematode mortality in E. scaber (R²?=?.751) followed by X. strumarium (R²?=?.749), A. conyzoides (R²?=?.687) and L. camara (R²?=?.756). Aqueous leaves extracts of these aforementioned weeds showed nematicidal properties, therefore, may be used as a key component of integrated disease management programme.     

Phospholipid fatty acid remodeling and carbonylated protein increase in extracellular vesicles released by airway epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract

Cigarette smoke (CS) represents one of the most relevant environmental risk factors for several chronic pathologies. Tissue damage caused by CS exposure is mediated, at least in part, by oxidative stress induced by its toxic and pro-oxidant components. Evidence demonstrates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by various cell types exposed to CS extract (CSE) are characterized by altered biochemical cargo and gained pathological properties. In the present study, we evaluated the content of oxidized proteins and phospholipid fatty acid profiles of EVs released by human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells treated with CSE. This specific molecular characterization has hitherto not been performed. After confirmation that CSE reduces viability of BEAS-2B cells and elevates intracellular ROS levels, in a dose-dependent manner, we demonstrated that 24 h exposure at 1% CSE, a concentration that only slight modifies cell viability but increases ROS levels, was able to increase carbonylated protein levels in cells and released EVs. The release of oxidatively modified proteins via EVs might represent a mechanism used by cells to remove toxic proteins in order to avoid their intracellular overloading. Moreover, 1% CSE induced only few changes in the fatty acid asset in BEAS-2B cell membrane phospholipids, whereas several rearrangements were observed in EVs released by CSE-treated cells. The impact of changes in acyl chain composition of CSE-EVs accounted for the increased saturation levels of phospholipids, a membrane parameter that might influence EV stability, uptake and, at least in part, EV-mediated biological effects. The present in vitro study adds new information concerning the biochemical composition of CSE-related EVs, useful to predict their biological effects on target cells. Furthermore, the information regarding the presence of oxidized proteins and the specific membrane features of CSE-related EVs can be useful to define the utilization of circulating EVs as marker for diagnosing of CS-induced lung damage and/or CS-related diseases.     

6-Shogaol induces apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells by targeting p53 signalling pathway and generation of reactive oxygen species

Combination therapies, using medicinal herbs, are broadly recommended to attenuate the chemotherapy adverse effects. Based on our previous findings considering the anti-leukaemic effects of ginger extract on acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cells, the present study was aimed to investigate the anti-cancer role of this pharmaceutical plant on ALL mice models. Moreover, we worked towards identifying the most anti-leukaemic derivative of ginger and the mechanism through which it may exert its cytotoxic impact. In vivo experiments were performed using five groups of six C57BL/6 nude mice, and the anti-leukaemic activity of ginger extract alone or in combination with methotrexate (MTX) was examined. Results showed increased survival rate and reduced damages in mice brain and liver tissues. Subsequently, MTT assay demonstrated synergistic growth inhibitory effect of 6-shogaol (6Sh) and MTX on ALL cell lines and patients primary cells. Eventually, the molecular anti-neoplastic mechanism of 6Sh was evaluated using Bioinformatics. Flow cytometry illustrated 6Sh-mediated apoptosis in Nalm-6 cells confirmed by Western blotting and RT-PCR assays. Further analyses exhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through 6Sh. The current study revealed the in vivo novel anti-leukaemic role of ginger extract, promoted by MTX. Moreover, 6-shogaol was introduced as the major player of ginger cytotoxicity through inducing p53 activity and ROS generation.     

1株Alternaria sp.真菌菌丝提取物对玉米种子发芽促进作用的研究

从健康的野生山枣根部分离得到1株真菌,经分子鉴定其为支链孢属Alternaria sp.并且对其进行液体培养到生长期后,菌丝体用4层纱布滤出,40℃烘干,研磨后用乙醇浸提3次,合并滤液,并测定其菌丝醇提取物的浓度,配成1、10、100μg/mL的浓度,进行玉米种子催芽试验。结果表明,浓度为1、10μg/mL的醇提取物,均可提高玉米种子的发芽指数,而浓度为100μg/mL的醇提取物则会降低玉米种子发芽指数。     

Molecular cloning of the gene for dihydrofolate reductase from Lactobacillus casei

The Lactobacillus casei gene for dihydrofolate reductase has been cloned in Escherichia coli using the multicopy vector pBR322. A restriction map of the cloned DNA has been prepared. The cloned DNA directs the synthesis of L. casei dihydrofolate reductase in E. coli and confers trimethoprim and methotrexate resistance.     

甜菜夜蛾对不同寄主植物的产卵和取食选择

为了探讨甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua对不同寄主植物的产卵选择及成虫产卵选择与幼虫取食选择间的关联度, 本研究选取玉米、豇豆、甘蓝、黄瓜、棉花、辣椒和番茄7种植物进行了选择性和非选择性实验研究, 并采用Y型嗅觉仪测定了成虫对其中3种寄主植物及其挥发物抽提物的趋性。结果表明：在田间非选择性实验中, 甜菜夜蛾在不同寄主植物上的落卵量依次为：玉米>辣椒>棉花>黄瓜、豇豆、番茄>甘蓝。Y型嗅觉仪的行为测定表明, 雌成虫对玉米及其挥发物抽提物的趋性最强, 黄瓜次之, 对甘蓝的趋性最弱, 这与雌虫的产卵选择性一致。不同龄期甜菜夜蛾幼虫对寄主植物的取食选择性有所不同, 且随观测时间的延长有所改变;低龄幼虫对豇豆、玉米和黄瓜的选择性较强, 对甘蓝、番茄、辣椒和棉花的取食选择性则较弱, 高龄幼虫对辣椒也具有较强的选择性;5龄幼虫对寄主植物的选择性不如低龄幼虫明显。结果显示, 甜菜夜蛾对不同寄主植物的产卵选择性显著不同, 植物抽提物在雌成虫的产卵选择中具有重要作用, 甜菜夜蛾对寄主植物的产卵选择性和幼虫取食选择性并不一致。     

乳杆菌细胞壁成分对小鼠阴道组织β-防御素2诱导表达的影响

目的探讨乳杆菌细胞壁成分（Lactobacilluscell wall extract,LCWE）对小鼠阴道组织β-防御素2诱导表达的影响。方法将雌性ICR小鼠随机分成5组,实验组给予不同浓度的（5、20和100 mg/L）LCWE 200μL阴道接种处理;阴性对照组小鼠阴道接种生理盐水,阳性对照组小鼠阴道接种大肠埃希菌EPEC104菌液（3×109CFU/mL）,5 d后处死,取小鼠阴道组织,做阴道菌群分析评价,部分阴道组织提取总RNA,以β-actin为内参照,采用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot方法检测小鼠阴道组织β-防御素2表达。结果 20 mg/L和100 mg/L浓度LCWE处理后,小鼠阴道菌群较生理盐水组的肠杆菌、葡萄球菌明显减少（P〈0.05）,乳杆菌无显著性变化（P〉0.05）。生理盐水组小鼠阴道组织β-防御素2 mRNA表达量极低,大肠埃希菌阳性对照组能显著诱导小鼠阴道组织β-防御素2 mRNA的表达;5 mg/L浓度LCWE处理组开始,β-防御素2表达量开始提高,在100 mg/L浓度LCWE组其表达量达到最高。Western blot结果显示：生理盐水组小鼠阴道组织未检测到β-防御素2蛋白表达,而100 mg/L浓度LCWE处理组和大肠埃希菌EPEC104组均出现特异性条带。结论 LCWE可上调小鼠阴道组织β-防御素2的表达且存在着剂量依赖关系。