Kiwifruit extracts inhibit cytokine production by lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages, and intestinal epithelial cells isolated from IL10 gene deficient mice

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract involving an inappropriate immune response to commensal microorganisms in a genetically susceptible host. This study examined the effects of aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of gold kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) or green kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) using in vitro models of IBD. These models comprised primary macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells isolated from C57BL/5J and interleukin-10 gene deficient (Il10^−/−) mice and RAW 264.7, a murine macrophage-like cell line. All four kiwifruit extracts reduced the activation of these models after lipopolysaccharide stimulation, decreasing nitric oxide and cytokine secretion by both Il10^−/− and wild-type cells. The ethyl acetate extracts exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity, with almost complete suppression of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage activation. These results suggest that kiwifruit extracts have significant anti-inflammatory activity relevant to IBD. We suggest that the Il10^−/− mouse is a suitable model for further study of these compounds.     

Comparison of the Effects of Orally Administered Linoleic Acid,and Its Hydroperoxides and Secondary Autoxidation Products on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Rats

Linoleic acid, and its hydroperoxides and secondary autoxidation products were orally administered to rats (400 mg/rat). Their effects on hepatic lipid metabolism were examined. Linoleic acid reduced the activities of de novo synthesis of fatty acids and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. It decreased the CoASH level and caused the accumulation of long-chain acyl-CoA. Hydroperoxides changed the compositions of unsaturated fatty acids in the hepatic lipids and lowered the content of neutral lipids. Secondary products stimulated carnitine palmitoyltransferase and decreased the content of neutral lipids. They reduced the activities of de novo synthesis of fatty acids and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and the levels of CoASH and acetyl-CoA. Thus, the effect of secondary products was apparently different from those of linoleic acid and its hydroperoxides.     

Effect of sorghum ethyl-acetate extract on benign prostatic hyperplasia induced by testosterone in Sprague–Dawley rats

ABSTRACT

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is commonly observed in men > 50 years worldwide. Phytotherapy is one of the many treatment options. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) contains various health-improving phytochemicals with antioxidant and inhibitory activities on cell proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo. To confirm the effects of Donganme sorghum ethyl-acetate extract (DSEE) on BPH, we induced BPH in Spragye–Dawley rats using exogenous testosterone. We measured prostate weight, examined prostrates histopathologically, and analyzed mRNAs associated with male hormones and proteins associated with cell proliferation in the prostate. DSEE inhibited weight gain of the prostate; decreased mRNA expressions of androgen receptor and 5α-reductase II; and improved histopathological symptoms, the protein-expressed ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and the oxidative status of BPH induced by testosterone in SD rats. Therefore, DSEE may have potential as a preventive or therapeutic agent against BPH.     

Genetics of alcohol dehydrogenase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: I. Isolation and genetic analysis of adh mutants

On the basis of allyalcohol resistance, Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutanta were isolated that were deficient in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). The mutants were divided into three classes by their different ADH isozyme pattern obtained after starch-gel electrophoresis: adc mutants that did not produce the constitutive ADH, adr mutants from which the glucose repressible enzyme (ADHII) was absent, and adm mutants deficient in ADH activity associated with the mitochondria.Genetic analysis showed that two genes control synthesis of the glucose repressible enzyme ADHII, one gene the constitutive ADHI and a fourth nuclear gene the mitochondrial ADH. None of these four genes showed any linkage.The various mutant types did not show drastic effects on yeast growth on media containing glucose or ethanol as sole carbon sources.     

石菖蒲提取物对四种储粮害虫的生物活性研究

研究了石菖蒲4种溶剂无水乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、石油醚提取物对玉米象、谷蠹、长角扁谷盗和锯谷盗4种储粮害虫的驱避作用和触杀作用。结果表明：石菖蒲4种溶剂提取物对4种试虫均有明显的驱避作用和触杀作用,处理60 h的平均驱避等级均达到Ⅲ级以上,对4种试虫的触杀死亡率均达到41.11%以上。     

胡桃楸提取液对肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的考察胡桃楸提取液对肿瘤细胞Hela、K562的抑制作用和相关机制。方法用MTT方法分析胡桃楸提取液对Hela、K562细胞增殖的影响。采用端粒酶PCR ELISA试剂盒分析胡桃楸提取液对Hela、K562细胞端粒酶的影响。结果 Hela细胞24、48和72 h的LD50分别为406.18μg/mL、319.48μg/mL和112.84μg/mL。K562细胞24 h LD50为154.50μg/mL。HLF细胞LD50为918.69μg/mL。胡桃楸提取液可抑制Hela细胞和K562细胞的端粒酶活性,而对HLF细胞端粒酶活性影响不大。结论胡桃楸提取液对Hela细胞、K562细胞有抑制作用,在低浓度下对HLF细胞杀伤不大。对肿瘤细胞抑制作用可能与抑制端粒酶活性相关。     

Antimicrobial effect of different herbal plant extracts against different microbial population

This study evaluates the antimicrobial effects of ethanolic extract of five herbal plants; Guava (Psidium guajava), Sage (Salvia officinalis), Rhamnus (Ziziphusspina Christi), Mulberry (Morusalba L.), and Olive (Oleaeuropaea L) leaves against several microbial population representing Gram positive, Gram negative and Mollicutes; S. aureus, E. coli, Pasteurella multocida, B. cereus, Salmonella Enteritidis and M. gallisepticum using standard agar disc diffusion technique and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Different extracts reveal variable results against the microorganism under study. All extracts have no antibacterial potency for Mycoplasma gallisepticum except Psidium guajava. The results of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts against the six bacteria ranged from 625 to 5000 μg/ml. The used herbal extract could inhibit the selected microorganism under study with variable minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).     

黑果枸杞提取物泡腾片的制备及其质量评价

为了解决黑果枸杞中花青素稳定性问题,本文采用Box-Behnken设计对黑果枸杞提取物泡腾片配方进行优化,并对其进行质量评价。采用酸碱混合制粒压片法,通过单因素实验,筛选出片剂所需的辅料:崩解剂、填充剂、润滑剂以及甜味剂。采用响应面试验,结合感官评价进行处方优化,从而确定最优配方:柠檬酸32%、黑果枸杞提取物25%、碳酸氢钠24%、乳糖15%、甜蜜素3%、聚乙二醇6000 1%;对最优配方进行质量评价,各项指标均符合规定,其中花青素含量为8.06 mg/g。该泡腾片表面光滑,泡腾效果好,具有黑果枸杞香气,为实际生产提供理论依据。