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101.
David C. Hockin 《Hydrobiologia》1982,96(3):201-209
The spatial population patterns of an assemblage of meiobenthic harpacticoid copepod species were analysed for two sets of
samples resulting from a systematic survey of an intertidal, estuarine, sandy beach in spring. The fauna was characterised
by mesopsammic species, the 6 most abundant of which showed a great degree of interassociation, such that they could not be
considered to distribute themselves independently. Populations of each of the 6 species were overdispersed, such that a negative
binomial distribution adequately fitted all population samples. Spatial segregation of closely related species was indicated
during the late spring sample, so leading to a patchy population distribution. It is proposed that during early spring, during
periods of extreme disturbance in the seasonal r-selecting environment, the species populations do not interact, but that during periods of less extreme perturbation an interactive
community evolves. 相似文献
102.
103.
Timo Kairesalo 《Journal of phycology》1980,16(1):57-62
The photosynthetic activity of different algal communities at the outer edge of an Equisetum fluviatile L. stand in an oligotrophic lake (Pääjärvi, in southern Finland) was investigated. Production by the algal communities was measured simultaneously using a modified 14C-method, and the results were related to the volume of algae and the available irradiance. The relative production rate (P/B quotient) of phytoplankton was ca. 3 × that of epiphyton and ca. 20 × that of epipelon. Epiphyton productivity remained almost constant although the algal volume varied greatly, suggesting that the surface layer of the algal community was mainly responsible for the photosynthetic activity. In the littoral area (at 1 m depth) primary production/m2 of lake surface by phytoplankton, epiphyton and epipelon was similar but in the littoriprofundal area (2–4 m) phytoplankton production was twice that of epipelon. Primary productivity of epiphyton and epipelon/m2 of substratum was about equal to phytoplankton productivity/m3 of water at the same irradiance. This relation provided a means of estimating the relative contributions of the different algal communities to the total algal production in the lake. 相似文献
104.
A reappraisal of the concept of metabolic cold adaptation in polar marine invertebrates 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
ANDREW CLARKE 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1980,14(1):77-92
The concept of 'metabolic cold adaptation', namely that polar marine ectotherms are adapted in having an elevated basal metabolic rate, has been examined in the light of recent biochemical, physiological and ecological data for Antarctic marine organisms. It is now clear that marine invertebrates from Antarctic waters are characterized by slow growth rates, low basal metabolism and reduced annual reproductive effort, and there is thus no clear evidence of the traditional view of an elevated metabolic rate. By analogy with fish, protein synthesis rates are probably also low. This suggests that the major feature of cold adaptation is a reduction in the individual total annual energy intake in comparison with ecologically similar organisms from warm water. This allows a high standing crop of suspension feeders to develop, and low temperature is thus a significant factor in the successful widespread adoption of typical K-strategies in Antarctic marine invertebrates. 相似文献
105.
Horst W. Luftensteiner 《Plant Ecology》1980,41(2):61-67
Summary A new system of dispersal units has been elaborated, based on weight and morphological features functional in dispersal. Weight was divided into eight classes and the functional morphological features were selected in such a way that their effectiveness could be tested by experiments.The spectra of weight and dispersal adaptations of dispersal units sampled in Euphorbio-Pinetum nigrae and Fumano-Stipetum habitats south of Vienna are calculated with this system and then compared.The results show that both communities can be characterized with such spectra. It is also possible with these spectra to make statements about the ecological and social position of the association in a succession.Nomenclature follows Ehrendorfer (1973). 相似文献
106.
A stable community of bacteria that had unusually high tolerance of soluble silver was isolated from soil by chemostat enrichment. The community consisted of three bacteria: Pseudomonas maltophilia, Staphylococcus aureus and a coryneform organism. The pseudomonas was primarly responsible for the silver resistance. The tolerance of high silver concentrations, up to 100 mM Ag+, was greatly reduced when the community was grown in the absence of silver. Pseudomonas maltophilia comprised approximately 50% by numbers of the community when grown in chemostats in the presence or absence of Ag+ but large fluctuations occurred in population sizes of the other two bacteria; the S. aureus population was small (less than 1%) in the presence of Ag+ but comparised a third of the total numbers when Ag+ was omitted from the medium. Silver-resistant respiration of the silveradapted community was significant even when it was confronted with high concentrations of Ag+. In contrast the respiration of the coryneform organism and particularly S. aureus was highly sensitive to silver. The inhibition constants for silver-sensitive respiration were 0.78 mM and 0.04 mM for silver acclimatized and nonacclimatized communities respectively.The community had great capacity for silver bioaccumulation. Maximum concentrations of over 300 mg silver per g dry weight of biomass were recorded at an accumulation rate of 21 mg Ag+ h-1 (g biomass)-1. The extent of silver removal from solution was a function of initial concentration of silver; at low external concentrations (ca. 1 mM) all the silver was rapidly removed from solution, at high concentrations (ca. 12 mM) 84% removal occurred in 15 h. 相似文献
107.
在云南喀斯特地区,为提升退化灌木群落的生态系统服务功能,营造了不同树种的人工林分。这些人工林分如何影响土壤化学性质还未得到充分认识。以云南泸西县灌木群落及三种常见人工林(云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)、赤杨(Alnus japonica)和侧柏(Platycladus orientalis))土壤为研究对象探讨喀斯特地区在人工林建造后土壤的13种元素全量、可利用性含量和化学计量学特征变异格局,为喀斯特石漠化治理提供理论依据。结果表明,1)基于判别分析,四种群落土壤化学计量特征可以显著区分。土壤Fe、P、K、Mn全量及交换性Ca、交换性Mg和NH_4~+-N对区分四种群落土壤贡献最大。2)四种群落之间相比,侧柏林土壤C、N、S、Na全量和NO_3~--N含量均低于其他三种群落,土壤肥力较低;赤杨林铵态氮含量最高;云南松林有效Fe、有效Cu含量/N、C素具有显著相关性,占所有元素对数的38.5%,说明该地土壤元素积累的相互依赖性。与灌木群落相比,人工林土壤元素全量和可利用性含量相关性比例均更高。这些研究结果对今后基于适地适树人工林营造、生态系统服务功能提升和经营利用,均具有重要指导意义。 相似文献
108.
定殖于鼻咽部的微生物与人体始终处于动态生态平衡,对于维持人体健康发挥着重要作用,也与多种上呼吸道疾病的发生发展有密切关系。鼻咽部微生物之间及其与宿主之间的相互作用是引发人体上呼吸道疾病的重要因素。微生物的培养方法与分子生物学技术的结合使人们越来越深入地了解人体鼻咽部微生物群落的组成和结构。定殖于人体鼻咽部的微生物以肺炎链球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)和流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenzae)等潜在致病菌为主。本文将分别从鼻咽部微生物与机体的平衡关系、鼻咽部微生物群落的研究方法以及鼻咽部微生物群落的组成及其相互关系三个方面,综述近年来鼻咽部微生物群落结构的相关研究进展,从而为指导实践提供可靠的理论依据。 相似文献
109.
在提炼生态保护补偿概念内涵的基础上,综合考虑政策目标、海洋环境自然属性、自然保护区区域特殊性以及我国制度环境,明确了海洋自然保护区生态保护补偿的思路;根据相关法律法规,结合生态系统服务分析,对海洋自然保护区生态保护补偿机制的主体、客体和补偿标准进行了讨论。研究结果表明,海洋自然保护区生态保护补偿应该以持续的生态效益供给为目标,以正外部性内部化为基本原理;海洋自然保护区生态保护补偿的主体是国家,由相关政府部门代表国家履行补偿责任;补偿客体为保护区周边居民和保护区管理机构,对周边居民的补偿标准以其为保护区牺牲的生态效益价值来确定,对管理机构的补偿标准以其使保护区增加的生态效益价值来确定。在构建补偿机制框架后,探讨了保护区运营资金支持和补偿标准公信力等问题,为后续的研究实践提供参考与借鉴。 相似文献
110.