高原致适应剂新复方党参片预防急性高原反应的效果

目的:观察高原致适应剂新复方党参片对急性高原反应(AMS)的预防效果。方法:世居平原者驻守海拔1400m3个月的45名青年男性官兵,随机分为新复方党参片组(30人)和对照组(15人),采用单盲试验方法,于行军前5d开始分别口服新复方党参片和安慰剂片,乘车行军3d,于3700m习服4d,直至进驻高原(海拔5200m)第3天后停药,共服药15d。进驻高原后第1、3、5天,依国家军用标准GJB1098-91急性高原反应的诊断和处理原则,随访记录受试者的AMS症状,然后分度评分,检测受试者的心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SaO2)。进驻高原后第6天,检测用力肺活量(FVC)、1秒用力呼气量(FEV1.0)、FEV1.0/FVC,一秒率(FEV1%)、最大呼气中期流速(FEF25%～75%)、呼气峰流速(PEF)、最大通气量(MVV)、左右手交叉敲击动作频率总次数(Ttis)、错误次数(Etis)、正确次数(Ctis)、平均时间(Atime)和数字记忆能力试验错误记忆次数总和(Sum)。结果:与对照组比较,进驻高原后第1、3、5d,新复方党参片组AMS症状显著减轻(P0.01);新复方党参片组与对照组的AMS程度分度分布不同(P0.01),新复方党参片组中症状较轻的(基本无反应、轻度反应)占比重较大,而对照组中症状较重的(中度反应、重度反应)占比重较大;新复方党参片组AMS发生率明显降低;与对照组比较,新复方党参片组的FVC、FEV1.0、FEF25%～75%、PEF、MVV升高有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01),FEV1%差异无统计学意义;与对照组比较,新复方党参片组的Ttis、Ctis增加(P0.05,P0.01),Atime减少(P0.05),Etis和Sum差异无统计学意义。结论:新复方党参片能减轻AMS的程度,减轻AMS的症状,降低AMS发生率;并能显著改善受试者的肺通气功能和手指运动能力。     

复方五倍子有效成分的分离鉴定及抑菌活性研究

对渔用抗菌剂复方五倍子有效成分进行薄层色谱与柱层析分离检测,以鉴定出复方中的各种有效成分;选用几种水产动物常见致病菌进行体外抑菌和联合用药试验,以确定各有效成分抑菌活性强弱和各成分间的药物关系,为分析复方五倍子抗菌剂的药物作用机理奠定理论基础,并为其质量控制提供参考依据。用薄层析硅胶GF254制板,以苯:乙醇:甲酸(7:3:1)为展开剂,用氨熏-三氯化铁显色,日光下观察层析结果;通过干法装硅柱,以苯:乙醇:甲酸(7:3:1)作为洗脱液进行洗脱,分离得到各单体,参照理化性质分析及薄层分析,鉴定出复方五倍子抗菌剂总有效成分。结果表明;复方五倍子抗菌剂有效成分为鞣质、没食子酸、槲皮素、黄芩苷、芦荟大黄素、大黄素和1,8-二羟基蒽醌,其中没食子酸含量最大,紫外分光光度法测定为10.47%。用复方的各有效成分别对温和气单胞菌、豚鼠气单胞菌、迟缓爱德华菌和柱状黄杆菌进行抑菌试验,以温和气单胞菌为菌种将复方主要有效成分两两配对进行体外联合抑菌试验,得出复方五倍子各有效成分抑菌活性顺序为:没食子酸>蒽醌(含1,8-二羟基蒽醌、大黄素、芦荟大黄素)>黄芩苷>槲皮素>鞣质。没食子酸和蒽醌具有协同作用,没食子酸和黄芩苷、没食子酸和槲皮素、蒽醌和黄芩苷三组同属于累加作用。       

稀有海洋放线菌Salinispora arenicola大片段DNA基因组文库的构建

目的：构建稀有海洋放线菌S.arenicola基因组文库。方法：以稀有海洋放线菌S.arenicola为实验材料,随机剪切提取的总DNA,5′-磷酸末端补平回收40kb左右的DNA片段,与pWEBTM载体连接,经包装蛋白包装成噬菌体后侵染宿主细胞E.coliEPI100,构建该菌株的基因组文库,并对该文库进行质量鉴定。结果：成功构建了稀有海洋放线菌S.arenicola的基因组文库,效价达6.5×104CFU/mL,得到3000个阳性克隆子,远远大于按覆盖率为99%计算至少所需的657个阳性克隆子数,且平均插入片段长度为36kb,重组率100%。阳性克隆子保存于96孔板中,-80℃保存。结论：所构建文库的各项指标均达到要求,为了进一步评估S.arenicola所能合成的所有潜在天然产物,还需要进一步检测该文库中包含有生物合成基因簇的大肠杆菌的表达情况。     

Disparate distributions of chemolithotrophs containing form IA or IC large subunit genes for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in intertidal marine and littoral lake sediments

The distributions of bacterial form IA and form IC ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) were investigated using Lowes Cove intertidal mudflat and Damariscotta Lake littoral sediments by PCR amplification of 492-495 bp fragments of the large subunit RuBisCO gene, cbbL. Genomic extracts for amplification were obtained from lake surface (upper 2 mm), mudflat surface (upper 2 mm), subsurface (5-7 cm), and soft-shell clam (Mya arenaria) burrow-wall sediments, as well as from a sulfide-oxidizing mat. Phylogenetic analyses of cbbL clone libraries revealed that Lowes Cove sediments were dominated by form IA cbbL-containing sequences most closely related to cbbL genes of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria or sulfide-oxidizing mats. In contrast, Damariscotta Lake cbbL clones contained primarily form IC cbbL sequences, which typify aerobic CO- and hydrogen-oxidizing facultative chemolithotrophs. Statistical analyses supported clear differentiation of intertidal and lake chemolithotroph communities, and provided evidence for some differentiation among intertidal communities. amova and libshuff analyses of Lowes Cove libraries suggested that M. arenaria burrow-wall sediments did not harbour distinct communities compared with surface and subsurface sediments, but that surface and subsurface libraries displayed moderate differences. The results collectively support a conceptual model in which the relative distribution of form IA- and IC-containing bacterial chemolithotrophs depends on sulfide availability, which could reflect the role of sulfate reduction in sediment organic matter metabolism, or the presence of geothermal sulfide sources.     

天然抗癌药物Epothilones研究进展

本文综述了近几年来国际上对纤维素堆囊菌分泌的天然抗癌化合物epothilones的研究进展。其中 ,简要介绍了 epothilones的由来、化学结构、合成方法 ,着重介绍了 epothilone与 Taxol在微管聚合特性上的性能比较。     

The response of stream periphyton to Pacific salmon: using a model to understand the role of environmental context

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Marine macroalgae and their associated microbiomes as a source of antimicrobial chemical diversity

ABSTRACT

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Trait biogeography of marine copepods – an analysis across scales

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