全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1232篇 |
免费 | 55篇 |
国内免费 | 68篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 16篇 |
2020年 | 13篇 |
2019年 | 18篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 19篇 |
2016年 | 26篇 |
2015年 | 30篇 |
2014年 | 35篇 |
2013年 | 87篇 |
2012年 | 27篇 |
2011年 | 52篇 |
2010年 | 34篇 |
2009年 | 53篇 |
2008年 | 53篇 |
2007年 | 64篇 |
2006年 | 56篇 |
2005年 | 57篇 |
2004年 | 52篇 |
2003年 | 69篇 |
2002年 | 33篇 |
2001年 | 40篇 |
2000年 | 26篇 |
1999年 | 32篇 |
1998年 | 30篇 |
1997年 | 39篇 |
1996年 | 34篇 |
1995年 | 49篇 |
1994年 | 46篇 |
1993年 | 21篇 |
1992年 | 23篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 23篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 20篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 16篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1355条查询结果,搜索用时 281 毫秒
51.
Samuel H. Barondes Eric C. Beyer Wayne R. Springer Douglas N. Cooper 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》1981,16(3):233-242
Endogenous lectins in both cellular slime molds and chicken tissues have been localized primarily intracellularly, in contrast with the predominantly extracellular localization of the glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosaminoglycans with which they might interact. Here we present evidence that lectins in both of these organisms may be externalized and become associated with the cell surface and/or extracellular materials. In chicken intestine, chicken-lactose-lectin-II is shown to be localized in the secretory granules of the goblet cells, along with mucin, and to be secreted onto the intestinal surface. In embryonic muscle, chicken-lactose-lectin-I is shown to be externalized with differentiation, ultimately becoming localized on the surface of myotubes and in the extracellular spaces. In a cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium purpureum, externalization of lectin is elicited by either polyvalent glycoproteins that bind the small amount of endogenous cell surface lectin, or by slime mold or plant lectins that bind unoccupied complementary cell surface oligosaccharides. These results suggest that externalization of endogenous lectin may be a response to specific external signals. We conclude that lectins are frequently held in intracellular reserves awaiting release for specific external functions. 相似文献
52.
Seiichi Tokura Yoshihiro Ikeuchi Shin-ichiro Nishimura Norio Nishi 《International journal of biological macromolecules》1983,5(4):249
A new type polyamide containing a glucose unit in the main chain has been synthesized by the polymerization of C1, C3, C4 blocked C6-carboxymethylglucosamine, prepared from chitin. The deblocking procedure gave the water-soluble polyamide, of MW 1.5 × 104, which can be regarded as a model for the recognition site of lectin. 相似文献
53.
Lectin-binding glycoproteins in seven populations of two burrowing nematode sibling species were probed with five different biotinylated lectins on Western blots, and differences were correlated with nematode ability to parasitize citrus and to overcome citrus rootstock resistance. Banding patterns of molecular weight standards were fit best by an exponential decay function, and a predictive equation was used to estimate molecular weights (r² = 0.999). A band (131 kDa) that labeled with the lectin Concanavalin A (Con A) occurred in extracts from cuticles and egg shells of populations of Radopholus citrophilus that parasitize citrus. Wheat germ agglutin labeled a band (58 kDa) in aqueous homogenates of populations that reproduce in roots of citrus rootstock normally resistant to burrowing nematodes. The two sibling species R. citrophilus and R. similis were distinguished by a high molecular weight Con A-labeled band (608 kDa) from cuticle and egg shells. Probing blots with the lectin Limulus polyphemus agglutinin indicated that each population contained a band (12-16 kDa) specifically inhibited by the addition of 25 mM neuraminic acid, suggesting that glycoproteins with sialic acid moieties are present in burrowing nematodes. 相似文献
54.
Soybeans (Glycine max) contain an alpha-galactosidase that makes up a small fraction of the total protein of the seed. The properties of this enzyme are of interest because of its potential to convert the galactooligosaccharides, stachyose and raffinose, in soybean meal to sugars digestible in the human gastro intestinal tract and thereby increase potential uses of this vegetable protein source in human and animal foods. Study of this enzyme required the isolation of milligram quantities of electrophoretically pure protein from ground soybeans and therefore, scaleup of laboratory procedures by a factor of 300 times. Large scale acid precipitation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and centrifugal recovery of the precipitated protein allowed alpha-galactosidase to be isolated from 45.5 kg soybean meal containing 17.1 kg protein, to obtain an enzyme extract with a specific activity of 90 to 100. A novel combination of strong anion exchange and cation exchange chromatography followed by Concanavalin-A affinity chromatography with a methyl alpha-D mannoside gradient gave alpha-galactosidase with an average specific activity of 56,000. Ion exchange chromatography preceding Concanavalin-A affinity chromatography allowed elimination of a relatively costly melibiose affinity chromatography step (which followed the Concanavalin-A column In the laboratory procedure) thereby making scaleup practical. 相似文献
55.
Ligatin, a lectin that recognizes phosphorylated sugars, has been demonstrated in mammalian tissues to bind specific hydrolases to cell surfaces. Ligatin exists as a filament that can be released from membranes still complexed with its bound hydrolases by treatment of membrane preparations with CaCl2 and/or pH 8.0. The ligatin-hydrolase complexes subsequently can be dissociated with ethyleneglycol-bis(β-amino-ethyl ether) N, N′-tetraacetic acid, resulting in a concurrent depolymerization of the ligatin filament. From membrane preparations of cerebrum, this procedure solubilized ligatin and a membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7). Binding of the cosolubilized acetylcholinesterase to ligatin could be demonstrated in vitro by affinity chromatography using the immobilized lectin. Ligatin-hydrolase complexes have been shown to be dissociated by specific phosphorylated sugars (mannose 6-phosphate and glucose 1-phosphate). These sugars were also effective in eluting bound brain acetylcholinesterase from ligatin affinity columns. Analysis of labeled glycitols produced by tritiated borohydride reduction confirmed the presence of phosphorylated sugars on the ligatin-cosolubilized material from brain. 相似文献
56.
Stephanie Gordon Phillips Shiu-Lan Lui David M. Phillips 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1982,18(8):727-738
Summary Epithelial cells may relate to their basement membrane substrates via lectin-like interactions. In a model system for study
of this type of interaction, lectin-coated bacteriological plastic petri dishes were presented as substrates for epithelial
cell adhesion. Of 21 lectins tested by mixed agglutination against two epithelial cell types, Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK),
and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK), nine gave less than 5% rosettes and 12 gave 5 to 50% rosettes. Wheat germ agglutinin
(WGA) andGeodia cydonium lectin gave the highest percentage of rosettes. Wheat germ agglutinin was readily adsorbed to plastic surfaces and maintained
specificity in binding interactions. Both MDCK and HEK cells attached as well to WGA coated petri dishes as to conventional
tissue culture dishes. Furthermore, both spread over the lectin-coated surfaces. The MDCK cells grew to confluence and could
be subcultured and maintained indefinitely on such surfaces, although WGA in solution was toxic to the cells in concentrations
as low as 0.1 to 1.0 μg/ml. Cell attachment to WGA coated dishes was blocked by cycloheximide only if the cells had been preincubated
with the inhibitor for several hours. Cell attachment was not inhibited by pretreatment of cells with neuraminidase. Precoating
cells with WGA blocked binding to both WGA-coated surfaces and untreated tissue culture dishes. Cells attached to WGA-coated
dishes could not be readily dislodged by trypsin-EDTA for the first 2 h after subculture. By 4 h, attachment was again trypsin
sensitive, suggesting that the cells synthesized a trypsin-sensitive material that was laid down between the cell surface
and the WGA-coated dish. Regeneration of trypsin sensitivity was not blocked by cycloheximide.
This work was supported by Research Grant AG01986 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. 相似文献
57.
Ronald L. Miller 《Journal of invertebrate pathology》1982,39(2):210-214
The slug, Limax flavus, contains a lectin that appears to be highly specific for sialic acid residues of glycoproteins. The carbohydrates which inhibited the hemagglutinating activity of the slug lectin and the concentration of the carbohydrate which gave a 50% inhibition are as follows: N-acetylneuraminic acid, 0.13 mm; N-glycolylneuraminic acid, 0.90 mm; d-glucosamine, 4.9 mm; d-galactosamine, 7.6 mm; N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, 23 mm; and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine, 24 mm. d-Galactose, d-glucose, d-mannose, α-methyl-d-glucoside, α-methyl-d-mannoside, l-arabinose, d-xylose, l-fucose, d-glucuronic acid, lactose, and sucrose were found to be ineffective as inhibitors of the hemagglutinating activity of the slug lectin. Hemagglutination by slug lectin was strongly inhibited by bovine submaxillary mucin and fetuin but not by sialic acid-free bovine submaxillary mucin or fetuin. 相似文献
58.
Summary Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and ricin are both lectins derived from plant seeds. They are glycoproteins and share the ability to
agglutinate a variety of animal cells including erythrocytes. The effect of these two lectins on protein synthesis was studied
in four longterm lymphoblastoid lines (8866 and GM1531, which are B cell lines; and CCRF/CEM and MOLT 4, which are T-cell
lines). Ricin (50 μg/ml) completely inhibited protein synthesis by 2 hr in both B-cell and T-cell lines as measured by the
uptake to [3H]leucine. The PWM appeared more specific and at a concentration of 500 μg/ml inhibited protein synthesis only in B-cell lines
(8866 and GM 1531). This effect was maximal at 5 hr. To investigate the reason for the differential effect of PWM on T and
B cells,125I-labeled PWM was incubated with 8866, MOLT 4, and CCRF/CEM to see if a significant difference in binding to B cells and T
cells could be demonstrated.
It does not appear that the differential effect on T and B cells is due to a difference in the amount of PWM bound. On the
other hand it is possible that the B cells may bind some toxic subcomponent of the PWM preparation that the T cells do not
bind because of a difference in composition or arrangement of cell surface glycoproteins. 相似文献
59.
Marilynn E. Etzler Carl Borrebaeck 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1980,96(1):92-97
A glycoprotein from the stems and leaves of the plant that cross reacts with antibodies to the seed lectin has been found to bind to affinity columns of blood group A + H substance covalently linked to Sepharose. This binding of the cross reactive material to the affinity resin differs from that of the seed lectin in that it is easily dissociated with 0.15 M NaCl. Affinity electrophoresis using entrapped blood group A + H substance shows that the carbohydrate binding activity of the cross reactive material is weakly inhibited with N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Glucose, mannose and galactose gave no inhibition when tested at concentrations of 50 mM. These data indicate that the specificity of the cross reactive material is somewhat different from the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine specificity of the seed lectin. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the structural similarities of the cross reactive material and the seed lectin. 相似文献
60.
Cell shape changes and transmembrane receptor uncoupling induced by tertiary amine local anesthetics
Tertiary amine local anesthetics (dibucaine, Tetracaine, procaine, etc.) modify cell morphology, concanavalin A (Con A)-mediated agglutinability and redistribution of Con A receptors. Con A agglutination of untransformed mouse 3T3 cells was enhanced at low concentrations of local anesthetics, and the dynamics of fluorescent-Con A indicated that ligand-induced clustering was increased in the presence of the drugs. In contast, these drugs inhibited Con A-induced receptor capping on mouse spleen cells. These effects can be duplicated by combinations of vinblastine (or colchicine) and cytochalasin B suggesting that local anesthetics act on microtubule cell surface receptor mobility and distribution. It is proposed that tertiary amine local anesthetics displace plasma membrane-bond Ca2+, resulting in disengagement of microfilament systems from the plasma membrane and increased cellular Ca2+ concentration to levels which disrupt microtubular organization. The possible involvement of cellular Ca2+ in cytoskeletal destruction by local anesthetics was investigated utilizing Ca2+-specific ionophores A23187 and X537A. In media containing Ca2+ and cytochalasin B these ionophores caused effects similar to tertiary amine local anesthetics. 相似文献