<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sphaerophragmium pulchrum</Emphasis>, a new species of rust fungi on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Albizia adinocephala</Emphasis> from Panama

Sphaerophragmium pulchrum is proposed as a new microcyclic rust species on Albizia adinocephala from Panama. Telia and spermogonia are described, illustrated, and compared to those of known species of Sphaerophragmium. Spermogonia are described for the first time for a species of Sphaerophragmium. This is the first record of this genus for the southern part of the Central American isthmus.     

DNA Fingerprinting of Paecilomyces Strains of Potential use for the Biological Control of Pests

Summary Telomeric fingerprinting was found to be highly differentiating for Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and Paecilomyces lilacinus isolates in comparison to intron splice site PCR and is therefore a good method for quality control of future products based on these fungi. Although the telomeric restriction length polymorphisms correctly divided the isolates into their appropriate species, further correlation with host range or geographical origin of the isolates was not found. In this respect, intron splice site PCR was more informative taxonomically. The chromosome numbers inferred from telomeric fingerprints were seven chromosomes for P. lilacinus and between six and nine chromosomes for P. fumosoroseus.     

Cassava as a Cheap Source of Carbon for Rhizobial Inoculant Production using an Amylase-producing Fungus and a Glycerol-producing Yeast

Summary The aim of this research was to develop methods to use low-cost carbon compounds for rhizobial inoculant production. Five raw starch materials; steamed cassava, sticky rice, fresh corn, dry corn and sorghum were tested for sugar production by an amylase-producing fungus. Streamed cassava produced the highest amount of reducing sugar after fermentation. Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110, Azorhizobium caulinodans IRBG23, Rhizobium phaseoli TAL1383, Sinorhizobium fredii HH103, and Mesorhizobium ciceri USDA2429 were tested on minimal medium supplemented with reducing sugar obtained from cassava fermentation. All strains, except B. japonicum USDA110, could grow in medium containing cassava sugar derived from 100 g steamed cassava per litre, and the growth rates for these strains were similar to those in medium containing 0.5 (w/v) mannitol. The sugar derived from steamed cassava was further used for production of glycerol using yeast. After 1 day of yeast fermentation, the culture containing glycerol and heat-killed yeast cells, was used to formulate media for culturing bradyrhizobia. A formulation medium, FM4, with a glycerol concentration of 0.6 g/l and yeast cells (OD₆₀₀ = 0.1) supported growth of B. japonicum USDA110 up to 3.61 × 10⁹ c.f.u./ml in 7 days. These results demonstrate that steamed cassava could be used to provide cheap and effective carbon sources for rhizobial inoculant production.     

植物内生固氮菌研究进展

综述了植物内生固氮菌生物多样性、生物学特性 ,生理特性 ,与寄主植物的相互作用及应用前景等方面的研究进展。     

云南重楼植物内生真菌的分离及抗菌活性筛选

从云南重楼[Paris polyphylla Smithvar.yunnnanensis(Franch.)Hand.Mazz.]块状茎中分离出166株内生真菌,对其进行形态分类鉴定归于4目,6科,20个属,体现了云南重楼植物内生真菌的生物多样性特征。同时,选择与人类和植物相关的37株病原微生物作为抗菌活性筛选指示菌,进行了云南重楼植物内生真菌抗菌活性的初步研究。结果表明,4株内生真菌对细菌、植物致病真菌、皮肤致病真菌多种病原微生物具有显著抑制生长的作用。     

食用菌产业化生产的质量安全保障措施

总结多年食用菌生产实践经验,并在多项科研项目中运用和充实,制定了《安全食用菌产品生产技术要求(企业标准)》。在食用菌产业化示范中对安全食用菌生产场地环境、制种和菌种经营、栽培工艺、产品质量等提出了专业和具体的要求,为食用菌生产技术的升级换代和规范化提供技术参数和质量指标,为提高食用菌产品质量、保障消费者安全与健康提供依据。     

丛枝菌根真菌离体培养研究概况(综述)

本文综述丛枝菌根真菌在离体条件下的生长发育、生长促进物质及生理生化代谢等方面的研究概况。     

Photosynthesis and water-use characteristics in Indian mangroves

Photosynthesis and water efflux were measured in different PAR and stomatal conductance in members of Avicenniaceae and Rhizophoraceae. Trend of leaf temperature with irradiance and its effect on photosynthesis were also estimated. In most of the studied species, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance followed similar trends with increase in irradiance. The rate of net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were higher in members of Avicenniaceae than in Rhizophoraceae. In Avicenniaceae, the optimum PAR for maximum photosynthesis ranged between 1340–1685 (μmol m^-2s^-1, which was also higher than that of Rhizophoraceae (840-1557 μmol m^-2s^-1). Almost in all the studied taxa, transpiration and stomatal conductance followed similar trends and reached the maximal peaks at the same PAR value. The range of breakeven leaf temperature was almost the same in both the families (34-36°C in Avicenniaceae and 33.5-36.3°C in Rhizophoraceae), beyond which assimilation rate declined.     

Plant-mediated methane emission from an Indian mangrove

Mangroves have been considered for a long time to be a minor methane source, but recent reports have shown that polluted mangroves may emit substantial amounts of methane. In an unpolluted Indian mangrove, we measured annual methane emission rates of 10 g CH₄ yr^?1 from the stands of Avicennia marina. This rate is of the same order of magnitude as rates from Northern wetlands. Methane emission from a freshwater‐influenced area was higher, but was lower from a stunted mangrove growing on a hypersaline soil. Methane emission was mediated by the pneumatophores of Avicennia. This was consistent with the methane concentration in the aerenchyma, which decreased on average from 350 ppm_v in the cable roots to 10 ppm_v in the emergent part of the pneumatophores. However, the number of pneumatophores varied seasonally. The minimum number occurred during the monsoon season, which reduced methane emissions largely. Ebullition from unvegetated areas may also be important, at least during monsoon season when measured bubble fluxes were occasionally about five times as high as pneumatophore‐mediated emissions.     

墨西哥仙人掌植物内生真菌的研究Ⅰ.内生真菌分离及其抗菌活性筛选

从一种墨西哥仙人掌[Opuntiamicrodasys(Lehm .)Pfeiff]的肉质茎中分离获得31株内生真菌,经形态观察分类鉴定为3个目、3个科、14个属。同时选择2 2种病原微生物作为指示菌进行抑菌试验,研究其抗菌活性。结果表明:3株仙人掌内生真菌分别对细菌、植物病原真菌和皮肤致病真菌多种病原微生物有较为明显的抑制生长作用。