The adaptive pattern of growth and reproduction of the colonial hydroid Clavopsella michaeli

The effects of variations in temperature, salinity and water movement on the laboratory growth and reproduction of a single clone of the bougainvilliid hydroid Clavopsella michaeli were examined. Unfavourable conditions resulted in reproducible oscillations of growth rate. They ranged from overall stimulatory effects (hormesis) to irreversible inhibition and shrinkage of colonies. Exposure to low concentrations (0.1–5 µg l^–1) of copper and mercury ions produced similar responses, which were therefore regarded as non-specific. A control mechanism, dampening these growth rate oscillations, supported higher colonial tolerance, that is adaptation, to environmental stresses of low intensity. When the counteractive capacity of the control mechanism was exceeded, inhibition occurred. Higher frequencies of gonozooids were observed in stressed colonies and were interpreted as an adaptive response.     

Incorporation of the gene for a cell-cell channel protein into transformed cells leads to normalization of growth

Summary Incorporation of the gene for connexin 43, a cell-cell channel protein of gap junction, into the genome of communication-deficient transformed mouse 10T1/2 cells restored junctional communication and inhibited growth. Growth was slowed, saturation density reduced and focus formation suppressed, and these effects were contingent on overexpression of the exogenous gene and the consequent enhancement of communication. In coculture with normal cells the growth of the connexin overexpressors was completely arrested, as these cells established strong communication with the normal ones. Thus, in culture by themselves or in coculture, the connexin overexpressor cells grew like normal cells. These results demonstrate that the cell-cell channel is instrumental in growth control; they are the expected behavior if the channel transmits cytoplasmic growth-regulatory signals.     

Size Differences Among Root-knot Nematodes on Resistant and Susceptible Alyceclover Genotypes

The influence of plant resistance on the size of individual root-knot nematodes was determined in greenhouse experiments. Five genotypes of alyceclover were inoculated with second-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita race 3 or M. arenaria race 1. Plants were harvested at selected intervals and stained for detection of the nematodes, which were dissected from the roots. Length, width, and sagittal-sectional area of each animal were measured using an image-analysis system, and areas of nematodes in all stages were compared at different times and across alyceclover lines. Nematodes feeding on roots of resistant lines were consistently smaller than those on susceptible plants, with significant differences in growth detected after the final molt. Similar results were observed with both nematode species.     

Nucleotide Sequence and Regulatory Studies of VGF, a Nervous System-Specific mRNA That Is Rapidly and Relatively Selectively Induced by Nerve Growth Factor

A nervous system-specific mRNA that is rapidly induced in PC12 cells to a greater extent by nerve growth factor (NGF) than by epidermal growth factor treatment has been cloned. The polypeptide deduced from the nucleic acid sequence of the NGF33.1 cDNA clone contains regions of amino acid sequence identity with that predicted by the cDNA clone VGF, and further analysis suggests that both NGF33.1 and VGF cDNA clones very likely correspond to the same mRNA (VGF). In this report both the nucleic acid sequence that corresponds to VGF mRNA and the polypeptide predicted by the NGF33.1 cDNA clone are presented. Genomic Southern analysis and database comparison did not detect additional sequences with high homology to the VGF gene. Induction of VGF mRNA by depolarization and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment was greater than by serum stimulation or protein kinase A pathway activation. These studies suggest that VGF mRNA is induced to the greatest extent by NGF treatment and that VGF is one of the most rapidly regulated neuronal mRNAs identified in PC12 cells.     

溶液流动对等电溶菌酶晶体生长的影响

本文对等温自由生长和强制性溶液生长的等电溶菌酶的晶体形态进行了研究,发现这些形态变化与溶液相的流动密切相关,指出生物晶体生长停止是由于生长晶体周围的溶质贫乏造成的;通过某些手段减薄或消除这一溶质贫乏区,就可以保证晶体的持续生长。本文的研究对改善大尺寸晶体的生长提供了一条途径。     

一种计算哺乳动物内禀增长率（rm）的方法

一、概述内禀增长率(r_m)是一个最基本的种群参数,它的测定和计算在动物生态学的研究中占有十分重要的地位。从20年代开始,已发展出多种计算动物r_m值的方法,如下所述。     

脲酶抑制剂氢醌的环境效应评价

本文根据用标记和非标记氢醌进行的模拟、盆栽和田间定位试验,结合国内外文献有关氢醌的环境常数,论述了氢醌在土壤-植物系统的去向和代谢途径、对土壤酶活性的影响及其环境效应。得出的结论是:作为脲酶抑制剂使用的微量氢醌(0.3—0.4％,与尿素重量比),不会从土壤中淋失和挥发,在土壤和植物中没有累积,对与碳、氮和磷转化有关的土壤酶活性很少影响。在土壤中,它将通过氧化、臭氧化和生物学降解,经由环断裂生成二元酸或参与腐殖物质的合成。在植物体内,主要通过糖苷化得到同化和利用。因此,氢醌作为脲酶抑制剂在农业生产中应用是安全的。     

我国大豆种子中球蛋白2S组分的分离纯化及部分性质的研究

根据大豆种子球蛋白和清蛋白溶解性不同的原理,分离出我国红丰3号大豆种子球蛋白2S粗制剂,再用SephadexG-100柱层析对其进行纯化。纯化后的球蛋白表现SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳非均一性。对这样纯化过的2s球蛋白进行DEAE-纤维素离子交换柱层析分离,用0.1—0.5mol/L pH7.6磷酸盐缓冲液进行线性梯度洗脱,得到四个洗脱峰,每个峰都获得了PAGE单一条带。四个组分分别命名为SⅡP_1,SⅡP_2,SⅡP_3和SⅡP_4。然后对这四种蛋白质的某些性质进行了研究,结果表明四者的分子量按以上顺序分别为22800,21500,19200和17800。所含残基数分别为191,179,163和147个。SⅡP_1,SⅡP_2和SⅡP_3三者的沉降系数(S_(20),w)分别为2.1S,1.9S和1.8S。N-末端分析表明这四种蛋白质的N-末端均为天门冬氨酸.还发现SⅡP_2具有能抑制α-胰凝乳蛋白酶的活性。本实验所提纯的这个抑制剂的一个ATEE(N-乙酰-L-酪氨酸乙酯)单位为0.4μg抑制剂蛋白(仅指对α-chymotrypsin发生作用)。α-chymotrypsin与此抑制剂相互作用时的摩尔数比初步判断为E/I=2/1。     

矽肺成纤维细胞增生因子的纯化及分析

过去的研究资料充分证明,巨噬细胞和由巨噬细胞释放的可溶性因子在矽肺纤维化过程中起着重要的调节作用。然而,对这种调节矽肺纤维化过程的蛋白因子的理化特性迄今还知道得很少。本研究采用矽肺大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞体外培养的方法获得其培养上清液,实验证明,该上清液可以促进体外培养的成纤维细胞对~3H-TdR和~3H-脯氨酸的摄取。我们从巨噬细胞上清液中分离纯化出一种具有促进成纤维细胞增殖能力的蛋白质因子。该因子在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上显示单个带谱,在SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上测得分子量为66kD,在pH3-11的等电聚焦电泳上测得该因子的等电点为4.72。我们认为这种具有成纤维细胞增生因子活性的蛋白质可能就是在矽肺纤维化过程中刺激成纤维细胞增殖和胶原合成的调节因子。     

FGR对水涨龙眼座果及枝梢生长的效应

1990～1991年的研究结果表明,FGR 1000～3000ppm 4月中旬处理水涨龙眼,对提高果实座果数有明显效果,两年呈一致结果。高浓度(3000ppm)处理,1990年及1991年的座果数比对照分别增加1.38倍和1.07倍(P≤0.05),具有显著的保果效应。FGR各处理对龙眼果实品质及结果期间的夏延秋梢生长发育两年均未见不良影响。