淤泥湖退化水生植被恢复及其在湖泊资源天然生态库中作用的研究

对淤泥湖水生植被的天然恢复过程、群落组成、结构、功能与动态等进行了定位研究（１９９２～１９９５）．该湖水生植物共有２０科２９属４１种．４种生活型的植物种类在该湖均有分布,以沉水草本（１５种）和挺水草本（１３种）为多．８个分布区类型中世界广布成分１６种和东亚成分１０种．群落结构包括层次结构和层片结构．该彻共有８个群落类型;群落现存量３２０８．８ｇ·ｍ－２,全湖植被资源贮量为１６３６５．２ｔ．     

Community Composition of Plant-parasitic Nematodes in Native and Cultivated Cerrados of Central Brazil

Communities of plant-parasitic nematodes collected from five different vegetation types (canopy woodland, savannah, gallery forest, cultivated perennial, and annual plants) and soils (yellowish red latosols, dark red latosols, arenosols, acrisols, and gleysols) were studied. Ninety percent of the soil samples collected from savannah contained at least four genera of plant-parasitic nematodes. The highest population densities were recovered from perennial plants and from acrisols. Nematodes from perennial and annual plants formed one cluster, which had a similar flexible-beta distance to that from the gallery forest. The distance in the native savannah and in canopy woodland was very different. Distance values for the soil aspect were similar for arenosols, yellowish, and dark red latosols. The value for acrisols was much larger than for the other soils.     

线粒体DNA缺失与神经肌肉性疾病的研究

应用PCR技术对13例神经肌肉疾病患者的线粒体DNA缺失进行了研究。结果表明,其中二例肢带型肌营养不良症患者骨骼肌组织和一例帕金森氏病患者的血细胞线粒体DNA中存在至少526bp的缺失。提示线粒体突变在一些神经肌肉性疾病的发生中起一定的作用。 Abstract: Using PCR technique,we analysed the skeletal muscle and blood of 13 patients with neuromuscular disaeases.The results show that a mutant mitochondrial DNA with at least 526bp deletion exits in the skeletal muscles of 2 patients with Erb muscular dystrophy and in the blood of a patients with Parkinson’s disease.From our results,mitochondrial DNA mutations could be an important contributory factor to neuromuscular diseases.     

Interaction of force transmission and sarcomere assembly at the muscle-tendon junctions of carp (Cyprinus carpio): ultrastructure and distribution of titin (connectin) and α-actinin

At muscle-tendon junctions of red and of white axial muscle fibres of carp, new sarcomeres are found adjacent to existing sarcomeres along the bundles of actin filaments that connect the myofibrils with the junctional sarcolemma. As the filament bundles that transmit force to the junction originate proximal to new sarcomeres, they probably relieve these new sarcomeres from premature loading. In red fibres, these filament bundles are long (up to 20 m) and dense, permitting light-microscopical immunohistochemistry (double reactions: anti-titin or anti--actinin and phalloidin). New sarcomeres have clear I bands; their A band lengths are similar to those of older sarcomeres and the thick filaments lie in register. T tubules are found at the distal side of new sarcomeres but terminal Z lines are absent. The late addition of -actinin suggests that -actinin mainly has a stabilizing role in sarcomere formation. The presence of titin in the terminal fibre protrusions is in agreement with its supposed role in sarcomere formation, viz. the integration of thin and thick filaments. The absence of a terminal Z line from sarcomeres with well-registered A bands suggests that this structure is not essential for the anchorage of connective (titin) filaments.     

Palaeoecological and phytosociological reconstruction of precultural vegetation in the Bílý Kříž area,the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts,Slovak Republic

A combined palynological and phytosociological methodological approach was used in the reconstruction of precultural forest vegetation in a small model area of Bílý Kí-Janík in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy mountains (northwest Slovakia). Two pollen diagrams show the predominance of Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba and Picea abies in past natural mixed forests. The present-day occurrence and distribution of forest herbs allow the differentiation of five past vegetation types with above mentioned forest climax trees covering the area before the beginning of human interference. A map of reconstructed natural vegetation is presented which can be used for revitalization of present secondary spruce plantations, heavily affected by air pollution.     

八倍体小偃麦与普通小麦杂交育种的研究

利用八倍体小偃麦与普通小麦杂交,创造了一些异附加系和异代换系,选育出一个特早熟、矮秆、抗病、高产、优质小麦新品种－“早优５０４”。总结了八倍体小偃麦与普通小麦杂交育种程序。     

Differentiation of vegetation zones and species strategies in the subalpine region of Mt. Fuji

The floristic and structural differentiation of vegetation along the altitudinal gradient in four subalpine forests of different developmental stages on Mt. Fuji has been studied. Near the forest limit a micropattern of vegetation corresponding to the altitudinal zonation has been observed which elucidated the mechanisms of development of the vegetation zonation. As to early stages of vegetation development only two types can be distinguished: the volcanic desert above 1500 m and the pioneer forests below. As to later stages a differentiation of subzones includes from higher to lower altitudes: the Alnus maximowiczii, Betula ermanii, Abies veitchii and Tsuga diversifolia forests. Larix leptolepis and Sorbus americana ssp. japonica, appear as co-dominants in ecotonal communities between the principal subzones and are also important pioneers in early stages. Similarity analyses reveal that the upper subalpine Alnus-Betula forests can be regarded as early successional phases of the climax Abies-Tsuga forests of the lower subalpine zone. The regular arrangement of A. maximowiczii-B. ermanii-A. veitchii is studied along the gradient from the margin to the interior of the forest growing near the forest limit where locally favourable conditions prevail. Growth form, height growth, photosynthetic activity, seed supply, and seedling distribution of the three principal species have been compared, as well as biomass and production relations in contiguous forests of these species. The marginal Alnus type community is productive and disturbance-tolerant, and has a wide ecological and sociological amplitude along the gradient, while the central Abies community is accumulative and disturbance-intolerant, and has a narrower tolerance range, but is superior in competition under stable habitat conditions. A vegetation organization, ‘temporal multi-storeyed structure’, is suggested which means that a zonal pattern of vegetation within a climax region develops by successive replacement of successional species along an environmental gradient.     

Pflanzenvergesellschaftungen mit Riccia-Arten in Südwestafrika (Namibia)

Three associations of the Nanocyperion teneriffae Lebrun 1947 (Sporoboletalia festivi Lebrun 1947) are described. They are physiognomically and ecologically similar to associations of the Mediterranean Isoeto-Nanojuncetea Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1943 and Helianthemetalia guttati Br.-Bl. 1940. They are rich in very specialized therophytes and resurrection plants.

Meinem Lehrer H. Walter, Stuttgart gewidmet.     

On the integrated interpretation of indirect site ordinations: a case study using semi-arid vegetation in southeastern Spain

The need for rigorous methods of interpreting indirect site ordinations is discussed and the problem of oblique habitat and phytosociological trends is emphasized. A sequential approach, termed integrated interpretation, is introduced to overcome this problem. It first involves a technique termed rotational correlation a linear form of trend surface analysis, which locates the best fit between a habitat variable and the coordinates of a pluridimensional ordination. The coordinates at positions of best fit are then used to produce two-way site-species tables (seriation arrays) which summarize floristic variation in relation to each major habitat trend. The seriation arrays can also be used to identify groups of differential species. Integrated interpretation is demonstrated using semi-arid vegetation from Murcia Province, SE Spain. A two-axis site ordination of vegetation data by non-metric multidimensional scaling is shown to have two oblique trends related to aspect-induced topoclimates and types of past anthropogenic disturbance. Rotation of the configuration to maximum linear correlation achieves very high levels of explanation for each factor. Rotated ordination coordinates from the correlation analysis are used to obtain two seriation arrays and floristic noda which relate directly to the two underlying habitat trends. A floristic discontinuity is revealed on the topoclimate continuum and it is hypothesized that temperature conditions are a major determinant of floristic composition, but that moisture partly determines vegetational cover and phytomass. Several patterns of past cultivation are detected and associated with five main kinds of geomorphological unit, together with some evidence that the rate of succession is partly determined by topoclimate. The integrated approach to interpretation is compared with visual methods and other multivariate techniques. A case is made for increased interpretational rigour in site coordinate studies, especially the discontinuation of trend-seeking using individual unrotated ordination axes.Nomenclature of vascular plants follows Tutin et al. (1964–1980) Flora Europaea 5 Vols. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Nomenclature of syntaxa follows Rivas-Goday & Rivas-Martinez (1967).I am indebted to J. A. Michel, Dr M. A. Abdelrahman and Monica M. Dargie for field assistance. Field discussion with Dr R. L. Wright, Dr M. P. Austin and Professor F. Esteve Chueca was most helpful; the latter assisted with confirmation of vascular plant voucher specimens. Non-vascular taxonomy was determined by Dr C. Humphries (mosses and one alga) and Dr O. L. Gilbert (lichens). An anonymous referee suggested an approximation of the analytical solution to rotational correlation, and Dr N. R. J. Fieller assisted with its confirmation. The project was assisted by a grant from the University of Sheffield Research Fund.