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Phylogenetic diversity of macromycetes and woody plants along an elevational gradient in Eastern Mexico 下载免费PDF全文
Marko Gómez‐Hernández Guadalupe Williams‐Linera Deborah J. Lodge Roger Guevara Eduardo Ruiz‐Sanchez Etelvina Gándara 《Biotropica》2016,48(5):577-585
Phylogenetic information provides insight into the ecological and evolutionary processes that organize species assemblages. We compared patterns of phylogenetic diversity among macromycete and woody plant communities along a steep elevational gradient in eastern Mexico to better understand the evolutionary processes that structure their communities. Macrofungi and trees were counted and identified in eight sites from 100 to 3500 m asl, and sequence data retrieved from GenBank for the same or closely related species were used to reconstruct their phylogenies. Patterns of species richness and phylogenetic diversity were similar for both macrofungi and trees, but macromycete richness and diversity peaked at mid‐elevations, whereas woody plant richness and diversity did not show significant trends with elevation. Phylogenetic similarity among sites was low for both groups and decreased as elevational distance between sites increased. Macromycete communities displayed phylogenetic overdispersion at low elevations and phylogenetic clustering at high elevations; the latter is consistent with environmental filtering at high elevation sites. Woody plants generally exhibited phylogenetic clustering, consistent with the potential importance of environmental filtering throughout the elevational gradient. 相似文献
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多孔菌是大型真菌的主要类群之一,具有重要的生态功能与经济价值。本文通过野外调查研究,对横断山区南段的多孔菌进行了物种多样性和区系成分分析,发现横断山区南段的多孔菌具有较高的多样性。该地区共发现多孔菌270种,隶属于担子菌门伞菌纲的8个目29个科111个属。优势科为多孔菌科Polyporaceae、锈革孔菌科Hymenochaetaceae、拟层孔菌科Fomitopsidaceae、刺孢齿耳菌科Steccherinaceae和耳壳菌科Dacryobolaceae 5个科,优势属为木层孔菌属Phellinus、栓孔菌属Trametes、嗜蓝孢孔菌属Fomitiporia、集毛菌属Coltricia、硬孔菌属Rigidoporus、蓝孔菌属Cyanosporus、多年卧孔菌属Perenniporia、褐孔菌属Fuscoporia、干皮孔菌属Skeletocutis、灵芝属Ganoderma、异担子菌属Heterobasidion、地花菌属Albatrellus、波斯特孔菌属Postia和附毛孔菌属Trichaptum 14个属。种的区系地理成分可分为8类,其中种类数量最多的是北温带成分,表明横断山区南段多孔菌具有明显的北温带区系特征。该地区多孔菌有腐生菌241种,占89.26%;寄生菌14种,占5.19%;共生菌15种,占5.55%。在寄主方面,横断山区南段多孔菌只能生长在被子植物上的有121种,只能生长在裸子植物上的有98种,能同时在被子植物和裸子植物上生长的有51种。 相似文献
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研究了斜生褐孔菌多糖对人类肝癌HepG-2细胞凋亡的诱导作用。采用噻唑蓝法(MTT法)观察了斜生褐孔菌多糖对HepG-2细胞生长的影响,用透射电镜观察了细胞形态,用DNA Ladder检测了细胞凋亡,用流式细胞仪检测了细胞凋亡率;同时采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR法)研究了不同浓度斜生褐孔菌多糖作用后HepG-2细胞中Bax和Bcl-2基因mRNA转录水平的变化。结果表明斜生褐孔菌多糖能抑制HepG-2细胞增殖,并呈时间剂量依赖关系;电镜观察、DNALadder和流式细胞仪检测均证实了斜生褐孔菌多糖能够诱导HepG-2细胞凋亡;经斜生褐孔菌多糖处理后,HepG-2细胞中Bax基因mRNA转录水平增强,而Bcl-2基因mRNA无明显变化。证明了斜生褐孔菌多糖具有抑制HepG-2细胞生长及诱导HepG-2细胞凋亡的作用,这可能与调节Bcl-2和Bax基因表达水平有关。 相似文献
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Heidy Schimann Jason Vleminckx Christopher Baraloto Julien Engel Gaelle Jaouen Eliane Louisanna Sophie Manzi Audrey Sagne Mélanie Roy 《Biotropica》2020,52(3):444-456
The influence exerted by tree communities, topography, and soil chemistry on the assembly of macrofungal communities remains poorly understood, especially in highly diverse tropical forests. Here, we used a large dataset that combines inventories of macrofungal Basidiomycetes fruiting bodies, tree species composition, and measurements for 16 soil physicochemical parameters, collected in 34 plots located in four sites of lowland rain forests in French Guiana. Plots were established on three different topographical conditions: hilltop, slope, and seasonally flooded soils. We found hyperdiverse Basidiomycetes communities, mainly comprising members of Agaricales and Polyporales. Phosphorus, clay contents, and base saturation in soils strongly varied across plots and shaped the richness and composition of tree communities. The latter composition explained 23% of the variation in the composition of macrofungal communities, probably through high heterogeneity of the litter chemistry and selective effects of biotic interactions. The high local heterogeneity of habitats influenced the distribution of both macrofungi and trees, as a result of diversed local soil hydromorphic conditions associated with contrasting soil chemistry. This first regional study across habitats of French Guiana forests revealed new niches for macrofungi, such as ectomycorrhizal ones, and illustrates how macrofungi inventories are still paramount to can be to understand the processes at work in the tropics. Abstract in Spanish is available with online material. 相似文献
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Abstract Following a wildfire in 17–25‐year‐old regrowth karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor) forest in the southwest of Western Australia, plots were established in burnt and similarly aged unburnt forest to monitor the fruiting of macrofungi. Thirty‐six plots on 10 sites (five burnt, five unburnt) were surveyed over a 5‐year period. Plots were surveyed every 2 weeks in the macrofungal fruiting season (April to October) and monthly for the remainder of each year. A total of 332 species were recorded. Fire did not impact significantly on mean species richness. However, a distinct mycoflora was recorded on burnt sites, and species composition on burnt sites changed substantially for each year following the fire and after 5 years was still different from that on unburnt sites. Nineteen percent of species recorded were regarded as being present as a direct result of the fire. The study also demonstrated the variable nature of macrofungal sporophore production in the absence of disturbance and the importance of regular sampling. Five distinct succession groups of post‐fire fungi were recognized. The adaptive traits of post‐fire fungi in relation to fire and the management of fire for macrofungal diversity are discussed. 相似文献