模糊图论在山西植被区划中的应用

本文用模糊图论的最大树方法对山西植被区划进行了数量分类研究,将山西植被分为2个植被地带,6个植被地区,17个植被小区。与在植物群落学中应用的模糊聚类分析和其它方法相比,模糊图论的最大树方法直接依模糊相似系数矩阵得到树状图,从而避免了相似系数矩阵复杂的合成运算,而分类结果不仅更具直观性,而且也是令人满意的。我们认为模糊图论应用于植被区划是合适的。     

昆明大板桥发现古人类化石和旧石器遗址

1989年3月,笔者在昆明市近郊官渡区大板桥鸡街子山南坡发现了一处旧石器文化遗址。遗址埋于一个被堆积填满,洞顶塌陷遭到剥蚀的洞穴内,海拔1963米,高出当地河水面约8米。经试掘,地层层序清楚,文化层厚达2米以上,其中含有人类化石。脊椎动物化石、石制品和用火遗迹:烧骨、灰烬、炭屑、烧过的树籽等。初步工作表明,它是一处有丰富的文化遗存的石器制造场。     

比利时北部近海岸草地沙土非饱和水传导特性

用“内排水法”实地测定了比利时北部近海岸草地沙土的非饱和导水率K(θ)和扩散率D(θ).并求得其经验公式。协方差分析表明,0-30.30-60和60-90cm土层的导水率及扩散率回归方程之间无显著差异,但它们分别与90-120cm土层的方程间差异显著,须用两组不同的公式描述。用以描述的幂函数和指数函数类型间无明显差异。     

卫星景象目视解释方法在湖区植被制图中的应用——以湖南洞庭湖区水域、洲滩植被图为例

植被(包括天然植被、人工植被)作为一种可更新资源始终是遥感应用专家们热心研究的课题。植被分类是植被研究的重要方面之一。利用卫星影象进行植被分类,国内外学者都进行了许多有意义的探索。本文以洞庭湖水域、洲滩植被为对象,试用卫星影象进行植被分类。本文从植被与环境相互依赖关系及在影象上的综合反映出发,提出了影象的景观生态学分析方法;即把影象上色调、形态特征与群落生态学规律结合起来分析,并以此作为植被目视解译的方法论。在此基础上,将洞庭湖水域,洲滩划分成五个景观生态模型,17个基本植被类型。     

Adaptations of an Emergence Trap for Use in Tropical Streams

An emergence trap based on the MPI Schlitz model was designed for use in the tropics and it was tested over one year in Palawan, the Philippines. Instructions for construction and use are given here. Only commonly available materials were used, except for the collection assembly made of UV‐light permeable acrylic glass. Heavy and bulky assemblies were avoided to enable easy transportation in the field. A special modification allows a fast and easy replacement of the screen when damaged by flooding, as is often required when traps are used downstream of headwaters. This type of trap also allows sampling of a wide littoral strip. Problems concerning the use of emergence traps in the humid tropics are discussed based on experience at different longitudinal stream sections in Palawan. The results presented here suggest that this trap should be used especially for qualitative or semi‐quantitative approaches. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

L-肉碱生物合成降解途径及生产方法

Ｌ－肉碱现已广泛应用于医疗、保健、食品等领域,效果显著。高等动物不能降解Ｌ－肉碱,而许多微生物能降解Ｌ－肉碱,其途径可划分为三类,分别以大肠杆菌、不动杆菌及假单胞菌为代表。目前,有关开发Ｌ－肉碱的研究报道很多,其中主要还是两大类：化学合成及生物转化,其中生物转化的方法被普遍看好。对Ｌ－肉碱在生物体内代谢途径认识的加深以及基因工程技术在改良菌株上的应用,将进一步促进Ｌ－肉碱的大规模工业化生产。     

Insectivore life histories: further evidence against an optimum body size for mammals

1. This study tests a model of the relationship of body mass to reproductive power (the rate of conversion of energy from the environment to an organism's offspring). Specifically tested is the prediction that the regression of life-history variables on body size will change slope and sign about an 'optimum' body mass of 100 g.
2. Life-history data from the mammalian order Insectivora have been collated and analysed using a phylogenetic comparative method to test this prediction.
3. The analyses showed little evidence for significant changes in slope or sign around 100g body mass, or other possible optimal body masses, contradicting the predictions of the model. These findings agree with those of similar analyses on life-history variables of bats.     

Colour-coded sampling: the pan trap colour preferences of oligolectic and nonoligolectic bees associated with a vernal pool plant

1. Pan traps or water traps have been used widely to sample agricultural insect pests, but no formal studies have assessed the utility of these traps as sampling devices for bees. 2. Coloured pan traps, used as flower models, can efficiently and selectively sample an oligolectic bee, Andrena (Hesperandrena) limnanthis, and other bees associated with white-flowered Limnanthes douglasii rosea. 3. Females and males of A. limnanthis unexpectedly exhibit different colour preferences. Females are strongly attracted to white and blue traps, but discriminate against yellow traps. Males prefer white traps over blue and yellow traps. Consequently, blue traps are selective for females only, while white traps are selective for both sexes. 4. Non-A. limnanthis bees were caught in significantly greater numbers in yellow than in blue or white traps. These bees included generalists, as well as specialists that are oligolectic on mostly yellow-flowered species. 5. Colour of traps had a significant effect on the numbers of A. limnanthis females and males, and non-A. limnanthis bees caught in traps. These results indicate that quantitative sampling of bees by pan trap methods can be highly sensitive to trap colour.     

一种处理人体骨骼肌肉层各向异性导电性的数值方法

重点讨论了应用电磁场数值计算方法求解心电图正问题和逆问题中人体骨骼肌肉层的各向异性导电性的处理方法．文中应用有限元和边界元结合的方法,构造了一个包含不同的纤维方向组合的骨骼肌肉层的三维胸腔模型,并在此模型下引入了局部坐标内的各向异性导电率向整体坐标转换的方法．据此进行的模拟计算结果以图像的方式清晰地展示了各向异性导电性对体表电位图的影响．     

质量—数量性状遗传参数估计的P1,P2,F1,B1,B2联合分析方法

提出利用亲本Ｐ_１和Ｐ_２、杂种Ｆ_１、回交Ｂ_１和Ｂ_１五个世代联合分析包括两个位点主基因控制的质量－数量性状遗传的统计方法,共建立了可供选择的微基因遗传、一对主基因＋微基因混合遗传、二对主基因＋微基因混合遗传三类五种（套）共 ２８个遗传模型,采用 ＡＩＣ信息准则选择最适模型,并通过适合性检验对所选择的遗传模型做进一步的检验．文章最后还讨论了两种变型设计．