SYSTEMATIC REVISION OF PSEUDOBEACONIA BORDAS, 1944, AND MENDOCINICHTHYS WHITLEY, 1953 (ACTINOPTERYGII: ‘PERLEIDIFORMES’) FROM THE TRIASSIC OF ARGENTINA

Abstract: The ‘perleidiform’Mendocinichthys and Pseudobeaconia from the Potrerillos and Santa Clara Abajo formations (Upper Triassic; Argentina) are reviewed. Mendocinichthys has been known from a review of this species that is not based on the type material, but on referred specimens in the American Museum of Natural History. However, those specimens are found here to represent a new species of Pseudobeaconia, P. celestae sp. nov. Consequently, Mendocinichthys is restricted here to the type material and, within it, to the only specimen that clearly represents a distinct taxon and is thus designated lectotype. We further performed a cladistic analysis and propose a new family, Pseudobeaconiidae for these two South American Triassic genera, which is mainly characterized by the presence of an incomplete dorsal ridge of spine‐like scales between the skull and the dorsal fin, and scales with straight posterior border, an elevated central region and marginal concentric ridges of ganoine. The cladistic analysis further indicates the existence of some lineages endemic to certain areas of Gondwana and Europe. Pseudobeaconia celestae sp. nov. represents the first record of Pseudobeaconia in the Cacheuta sub‐basin of the Cuyana Basin. The genus was previously known from the Santa Clara sub‐basin of the Cuyana Basin only, and the new record confirms the previous hypothesis of correlation between the sedimentary infilling of these sub‐basins.     

A Late Permian flora with Dicroidium from the Dead Sea region, Jordan

Three new species of Dicroidium, D. irnensis, D. jordanensis and D. robustum, are described from the Um Irna Formation (Upper Permian) of the Dead Sea region, Jordan. The plant remains are preserved as compressions with excellent cuticles. These are the earliest unequivocal records of Dicroidium, a genus that is typical for the Triassic of Gondwana. It is also the northernmost occurrence of this genus that apparently originated in the Permian in the palaeotropics. Middle and Late Permian floras from the Arabian Peninsula and adjacent regions show a remarkable mixture of elements from different floral provinces, i.e. Euramerica, Cathaysia and Gondwana. The climatic amelioration in the Early Triassic apparently enabled Dicroidium to migrate southward and eventually colonise the entire Gondwana region. Dicroidium is one of the very few megaplant genera not affected by the end-Permian biotic crisis, the largest Phanerozoic extinction event.     

陕西中三叠世中蝎蛉科两新属和新种(昆虫纲,长翅目)

记述中蝎蛉科Mesopanorpodidae 2新属、新种：Triassochoristites jinsuoguanensis gen．et sp．nov．,Forcinerva tongchuanensis gen．et sp．nov．化石标本采自陕西铜川中三叠世铜川组下段上部的灰绿色泥岩和页岩。这些新属、种系陕西昆虫群(陕西生物群的一个类别)铜川昆虫组合的新成员。铜川组的时代相当于欧洲拉丁尼期(Ladinian Stagc)。     

The Marine Component of Ichthyofauna in the Mouth Area and Lower Course of the Tumen River

The species composition of typically marine fishes in the lower course and mouth area of the Tumen River (Sea of Japan) is examined based on original faunistic collections and literature data. Thirty-three species belonging to 19 families were recorded. The ratio of species of boreal and subtropical origins was found; temporary and seasonal migrants were identified. Some species (Platichthys stellatus, Myoxocephalus stelleri, Strongylura anastomella, and Mugil cephalus) can be considered indicators of the state of the environment. It is noted that yearly surveys of the marine fish composition in the river zone are needed for monitoring climatic and anthropogenic influences.     

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia of the lower lip: surgical approach and review of the literature

Objective: A review of the literature for intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia is presented along with a case report of a geriatric patient. Review of the literature: Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is a reactive benign lesion of vascular origin, which is caused by an excessive proliferation of endothelial cells. Only a few cases with IPEH in the oral cavity have been recorded in the literature, reporting the lower lip as the main site. The treatment of choice mentioned in the literature is simple excision. Case report: In this case, an IPEH of the lower lip of a 79‐year‐old male was treated by a sclerosing agent, which was injected into the lesion, causing compression and fibrosis of the blood vessels, followed by a careful dissection and excision. Intra‐operatively no bleeding occurred. Post‐operatively an excellent aesthetic result was achieved, without recurrence. Conclusion: The use of sclerotherapy followed by surgery in mixed type intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia can provide an acceptable aesthetic result with minimal intra‐operative bleeding.     

记贵州关岭生物群中的大型鱼龙Shastasaurus(英文)

贵州关岭三叠纪法郎组瓦窑段除产出大量保存完整的海百合化石外,还产出多门类海生爬行动物化石。迄今为止,关岭生物群已报道的中-大型鱼龙类有6属6种,包括邓氏贵州鱼龙(Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae)、蔡胡氏典型鱼龙(Typicusichthyosaurus tsaihuae)、梁氏关岭鱼龙(Guanlingsaurus liangae)、亚洲杯椎鱼龙(Cymbospondylus asiaticus)、美丽盘江龙(Panjiangsaurus epicharis)和卧龙岗卡洛维龙(Callawayia wolonggangense)。一些种属的存在长期以来争议较大,目前多数观点倾向将Cymbospondylus asiaticus和Panjiangsaurus epicharis归并于Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae,将Typicusichthyosaurus tsaihuae归并于Guanlingsaurus liangae。Guanlingsaurus以具有较短的吻部和较多的荐前椎数目而与Guizhouichthyosaurus有明显的不同(Maisch et al.,2006)。虽然Maisch et al.(2006)对G.tangae进行了重新研究,但他们的研究重点是头部骨骼,有限的头后骨骼信息来自一具未经充分修理的骨架(GNP-d41),一些特征未能清晰揭示。头后骨骼材料的缺乏限制了对该种分类位置的判断(Maisch et al., 2006)。在中、晚三叠世大型鱼龙中,肩带和腰带骨骼的形态、前肢和后肢骨骼的特征常具有非常重要的系统分类学意义。本文通过对关岭生物群的一具保存完整的大型鱼龙骨骼化石的详细研究,对Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae的归属进行了重新修订。研究标本(IVPP V 11853)产于贵州省关岭县新铺乡法郎组瓦窑段。修理后的骨架全长5.2 m,以腹面向上保存,尾部后部以右侧面向上保存。除前、后肢部分残缺外,其他部位均保存完整,肩带骨骼和腰带骨骼均原位保存。头骨背腹向压扁,仅右侧角的上颞骨有部分破损。新材料的头后骨骼特征表明该种应该属于萨斯特鱼龙科(Shastasauridae)的萨斯特鱼龙属(Shastasaurus)。Shastasaurus是一个广为人知的晚三叠世大型鱼龙化石属,最初建立于美国加利福尼亚州的Shasta地区,包括5个种(Merriam,1895,1902,1908)。由于建立这些种的化石材料均保存不好,尤其是模式种仅建立于几块背椎、背肋和两块耻骨之上,导致有关萨斯特鱼龙属和萨斯特鱼龙科的一些特征定义不明确。后人倾向于将已建立的种进行归并,即将Shastasaurus alexandrae、S.altispinus和S.osmonti划归模式种S.pacificus,将S.careyi另归入Shonisaurus sp.。虽然萨斯特鱼龙类的其他属,如Shonisaurus、Besanosaurus、Metashastasaurus、Pessosaurus等,在加拿大、墨西哥、意大利、瑞士等地的中、晚三叠世地层中被陆续发现和报道,但除美国加利福尼亚州的材料外,其他地区发现的萨斯特鱼龙属的化石均未得到广泛认可。本文将G.tangae归入萨斯特鱼龙属主要依据对该种模式标本(Gmr 009)的重新观察和对该种一新材料(IVPP V 11853)头后骨骼的深入研究。两骨架的头后部分尤其是前肢和肩带均表现出与已知的萨斯特鱼龙属各种的极大相似性,具体包括:椎体稍短;颈肋近端双头;尾椎腹侧Y型人字骨发育;锁骨细长,中部向后弯;乌喙骨斧状,中部收缩形成前后缘不对称的"茎";肩胛骨呈宽的镰刀状,前缘强烈外展;肱骨、桡骨、尺骨均较短;肱骨和桡骨前缘具凹缺;桡骨明显大于尺骨,桡骨后缘和尺骨前缘略凹入;相对较大的桡腕骨等。腰带和后肢特征与萨斯特鱼龙类其他属差别不大。除头后骨骼特征外,关岭材料的头骨特征也与萨斯特鱼龙属惟一的一个保存有部分头骨骨骼的S.alexandrae的特征大体相符,如具有大的、前后略拉长的眼眶,相对较窄的颊部,横向伸展的鼻骨和额骨的接触面,颞孔稍小于眼眶等。同时,通过与萨斯特鱼龙类其他各属化石的对比研究发现,虽然一些研究者认为萨斯特鱼龙属的荐前椎数目在55个左右,且指(趾)骨为3指(趾),但鉴于已经发现同属于萨斯特鱼龙类的Shonisaurus、Besanosaurus、Metashastasaurus等属或者具有超过60的荐前椎数,或者指(趾)骨为4指(趾),同时迄今为止尚无完整的萨斯特鱼龙属的化石标本被发现,有关其荐前椎数目和指(趾)骨列数仅是推测,因此基于中国贵州关岭的标本,本文认为萨斯特鱼龙属很可能具有超过60的荐前椎数,同时指骨(趾骨)是4指(趾)。在观察和对比了众多产于关岭的大型鱼龙骨骼化石的基础上,将邓氏贵州鱼龙、亚洲杯椎鱼龙和美丽盘江龙重新厘定为邓氏萨斯特鱼龙,并对该种的头后骨骼特征进行了详细描述。这是萨斯特鱼龙属的分子第一次在中国被确认,为了解该属鉴定特征和古地理分布提供了新的信息。     

Effect of temperature on the biology of Creontiades dilutus (Stål) (Heteroptera: Miridae)

The egg and nymphal development, fecundity and survival of the green mirid, Creontiades dilutus were examined at a range of temperatures and a modified day-degree model fitted to the data. Day degree (DD) requirements for egg and nymphal development, and threshold temperatures were calculated from the fitted lines. Female fecundity and longevity, egg and nymphal development, and survival of C. dilutus were significantly influenced by temperature. Eggs and nymphs failed to complete development at temperatures below 17 and at 38°C. Females also failed to produce any eggs at 11 and 38°C. The optimum temperature range for female fecundity was found to be 26–32°C. The optimum temperature for the development of eggs was calculated from the model as 30.5°C and for nymphs as 31.5°C. The threshold temperature for development was 15.8°C for egg and 15.1°C for nymph; 69.4 and 156.7 DD were required for completing the egg and the nymphal development, respectively. At the optimum temperature, it was estimated that development from egg to adult took 15 days. Survival was highest at 26°C for eggs and at 30–32°C for nymphs.     

Comparison of cold tolerance in eggs of two cicadas, Cryptotympana facialis and Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata, in relation to climate warming

The population of the cicada Cryptotympana facialis began to increase in Osaka, Japan, during the late 20th century. Climate warming is considered a major cause, although the relationship between temperature and the cicada population increase remains unclear. By examining cold tolerance in overwintering eggs of C. facialis in relation to another cicada, Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata , whose population has recently decreased in Osaka, we tested the hypothesis that warming has caused the population increase of C. facialis by decreasing egg mortality due to winter temperatures. A short-term (24 h) cold exposure experiment demonstrated that the half-lethal temperatures (LT50) of C. facialis and G. nigrofuscata were −23.3°C and −28.9°C, respectively, although these extreme low temperatures never occurred in Osaka during the 20th century. Prolonged exposure to −5°C for up to 30 days had no harmful effects on the hatching rate in either species. Overwintering mortality was also assessed under naturally fluctuating conditions by transferring eggs to cooler elevated sites that mimicked the environment prior to the current warming. Eggs of C. facialis that overwintered at the cooler site exhibited similar hatching rates to those maintained at the original site. The results of these experiments consistently indicated that overwintering eggs of C. facialis possess adequate tolerance to the low temperatures of the 20th century. Therefore, we rejected our initial hypothesis that recent increases in the C. facialis population have been caused by warming-related reductions in overwintering egg mortality.     

骨髓刺激后骨髓干细胞移植治疗下肢缺血的研究进展

自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗下肢缺血的研究是近年来令人关注的领域,取得一定的进展,但疗效有待进一步提高。骨髓刺激后自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗肢体缺血取得了较好的疗效;同时它具有抽取骨髓血少、获得细胞量多且安全性高的优点。但其具体作用机理尚不十分明确。内皮祖细胞数量的增加与质量的提高、局部微环境的改变可能是骨髓刺激后自体骨髓干细胞移植促进肢体缺血改善的机制。