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991.
为探明湖库型饮用水源景观结构与涵养功能间的内在机理,优化水源涵养林功能,保护水源安全,借助遥感解译技术得到各用地类型面积并计算水源涵养功能指数,依据取水量和水源涵养量间水量平衡模式计算所需最小森林面积,应用多元数量分析方法探究水源涵养功能指数、景观格局指数、水质指标之间的耦合关系。结果表明:(1)水源地3 km缓冲区较500 m缓冲区的水源涵养功能有所下降。(2)用最小面积法优化筛选出以软阔叶林、栎林、硬阔叶林、竹林为主的岸边带森林生态系统可有效提高水源涵养功能,最大限度的满足饮用水源保护区面积、集雨区面积和涵养区面积间的数量关系。(3)水源涵养功能与景观格局、水资源、水质和污染物排放间可建立起通过显著性检验的多元回归拟合模型方程。(4)多维尺度综合分析过程可诊断出南宁市湖库型饮用水源在生态系统稳定性、水资源量和水质方面存在的生态安全与风险隐患问题,建议南宁市开展饮用水源环境综合整治、生态系统保护与修复工作。 相似文献
992.
Summary The trade-off between fitness benefits from foraging and associated costs in terms of predation risk is analysed by a simple model which takes into account the differential predation risk for reproducing and non-reproducing individuals. The currency that animals are assumed to maximize is their expected absolute fitness (probability of survival plus half of the expected litter size) after a potential reproductive period. Depending on resource levels and predation risk, this maximization can be achieved by (1) opting for individual survival and behaving as a strict time minimizer, (2) by reproducing at the maximal rate and behaving as a strict energy maximizer or (3) by submaximal reproductive effort and a behaviour intermediate between time minimization and energy maximization. Small changes in the availability of food or cover or in the density of predators can shift the optimum from one strategy to another. The shift is particularly abrupt, if predation pressure increases and the availability of resources remains high. This could explain the spatial and temporal variation in the reproductive effort and body weight observed in boreal small mammals with sustained, multiannual population fluctuations. 相似文献
993.
Sufiya A. Qureshi Rizwana A. Qureshi Asha B. Sodha Devayani R. Tipre 《Geomicrobiology journal》2018,35(2):127-131
Bioleaching of potassium from feldspar was optimized for five fungal and two bacterial isolates for carbon, nitrogen, agitation, pH and incubation time. Fungal isolates SDSR and SDS3 and bacterial isolate SDS1 released 34, 42 and 28 ppm K in sucrose-amended medium, respectively. Isolate SDS3 took 10 days for the highest K solubilization, whereas SDSR required 15 days under 150 rpm shaking condition. The pH of medium was found to decrease from 7.0 to 2.05 after the growth of the organisms. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the filtrate showed the presence of citric, tartaric and maleic acid, which could be responsible for the solubilization of potassium. 相似文献
994.
Afforestation projects for mitigating CO2 emissions require to monitor the carbon fixation and plant growth as key indicators. We proposed a monitoring method for predicting carbon fixation in afforestation projects, combining a process‐based ecosystem model and field data and addressed the uncertainty of predicted carbon fixation and ecophysiological characteristics with plant growth. Carbon pools were simulated using the Biome‐BGC model tuned by parameter optimization using measured carbon density of biomass pools on an 11‐year‐old Eucommia ulmoides plantation on Loess Plateau, China. The allocation parameters fine root carbon to leaf carbon (FRC:LC) and stem carbon to leaf carbon (SC:LC), along with specific leaf area (SLA) and maximum stomatal conductance (gsmax) strongly affected aboveground woody (AC) and leaf carbon (LC) density in sensitivity analysis and were selected as adjusting parameters. We assessed the uncertainty of carbon fixation and plant growth predictions by modeling three growth phases with corresponding parameters: (i) before afforestation using default parameters, (ii) early monitoring using parameters optimized with data from years 1 to 5, and (iii) updated monitoring at year 11 using parameters optimized with 11‐year data. The predicted carbon fixation and optimized parameters differed in the three phases. Overall, 30‐year average carbon fixation rate in plantation (AC, LC, belowground woody parts and soil pools) was ranged 0.14–0.35 kg‐C m?2 y?1 in simulations using parameters of phases (i)–(iii). Updating parameters by periodic field surveys reduced the uncertainty and revealed changes in ecophysiological characteristics with plant growth. This monitoring method should support management of afforestation projects by carbon fixation estimation adapting to observation gap, noncommon species and variable growing conditions such as climate change, land use change. 相似文献
995.
Rossi C Fincham CI D'Andrea P Porcelloni M Ettorre A Mauro S Bigioni M Binaschi M Maggi CA Nardelli F Parlani M Fattori D 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2011,21(22):6767-6769
A series of N-substituted 4-alkylpiperidine hydroxamic acids, corresponding to the basic structure of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (zinc binding moiety-linker-capping group) has been previously reported by our group. Linker length and aromatic capping group connection were systematically varied to find the optimal geometric parameters. A new series of submicromolar inhibitors was thus identified, which showed antiproliferative activity on HCT-116 colon carcinoma cells. We report here the second part of the strategy used in our research group to find a new class of HDAC inhibitors, namely the SAR study for the compounds bearing a sulfonyl group on the piperidine nitrogen. In the present work, we have considered both sulfonamides and sulfonyl ureas. 相似文献
996.
Ida Autiero Menotti Ruvo Roberto Improta Luigi Vitagliano 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2018,1862(4):1006-1016
Background
Aptamers are RNA/DNA biomolecules representing an emerging class of protein interactors and regulators. Despite the growing interest in these molecules, current understanding of chemical-physical basis of their target recognition is limited. Recently, the characterization of the aptamer targeting the protein-S8 has suggested that flexibility plays important functional roles. We investigated the structural versatility of the S8-aptamer by molecular dynamics simulations.Methods
Five different simulations have been conducted by varying starting structures and temperatures.Results
The simulation of S8-aptamer complex provides a dynamic view of the contacts occurring at the complex interface. The simulation of the aptamer in ligand-free state indicates that its central region is intrinsically endowed with a remarkable flexibility. Nevertheless, none of the trajectory structures adopts the structure observed in the S8-aptamer complex. The aptamer ligand-bound is very rigid in the simulation carried out at 300?K. A structural transition of this state, providing insights into the aptamer-protein recognition process, is observed in a simulation carried out at 400?K. These data indicate that a key event in the binding is linked to the widening of the central region of the aptamer. Particularly relevant is switch of the A26 base from its ligand-free state to a location that allows the G13-C28 base-pairing.Conclusions
Intrinsic flexibility of the aptamer is essential for partner recognition. Present data indicate that S8 recognizes the aptamer through an induced-fit rather than a population-shift mechanism.General significance
The present study provides deeper understanding of the structural basis of the structural versatility of aptamers. 相似文献997.
Ely JJ Dye B Frels WI Fritz J Gagneux P Khun HH Switzer WM Lee DR 《American journal of primatology》2005,67(2):223-241
Chimpanzees are presently classified into three subspecies: Pan troglodytes verus from west Africa, P.t. troglodytes from central Africa, and P.t. schweinfurthii from east Africa. A fourth subspecies (P.t. vellerosus), from Cameroon and northern Nigeria, has been proposed. These taxonomic designations are based on geographical origins and are reflected in sequence variation in the first hypervariable region (HVR-I) of the mtDNA D-loop. Although advances have been made in our understanding of chimpanzee phylogenetics, little has been known regarding the subspecies composition of captive chimpanzees. We sequenced part of the mtDNA HVR-I region in 218 African-born population founders and performed a phylogenetic analysis with previously characterized African sequences of known provenance to infer subspecies affiliations. Most founders were P.t. verus (95.0%), distantly followed by the troglodytes schweinfurthii clade (4.6%), and a single P.t. vellerosus (0.4%). Pedigree-based estimates of genomic representation in the descendant population revealed that troglodytes schweinfurthii founder representation was reduced in captivity, vellerosus representation increased due to prolific breeding by a single male, and reproductive variance resulted in uneven representation among male P.t.verus founders. No increase in mortality was evident from between-subspecies interbreeding, indicating a lack of outbreeding depression. Knowledge of subspecies and their genomic representation can form the basis for phylogenetically informed genetic management of extant chimpanzees to preserve rare genetic variation for research, conservation, or possible future breeding. 相似文献
998.
Amino acid and glucose metabolism in fed‐batch CHO cell culture affects antibody production and glycosylation 下载免费PDF全文
999.
1000.
Neuro-musculoskeletal modelling can provide insight into the aberrant muscle function during walking in those suffering cerebral palsy (CP). However, such modelling employs optimization to estimate muscle activation that may not account for disturbed motor control and muscle weakness in CP. This study evaluated different forms of neuro-musculoskeletal model personalization and optimization to estimate musculotendon forces during gait of nine children with CP (GMFCS I-II) and nine typically developing (TD) children. Data collection included 3D-kinematics, ground reaction forces, and electromyography (EMG) of eight lower limb muscles. Four different optimization methods estimated muscle activation and musculotendon forces of a scaled-generic musculoskeletal model for each child walking, i.e. (i) static optimization that minimized summed-excitation squared; (ii) static optimization with maximum isometric muscle forces scaled to body mass; (iii) an EMG-assisted approach using optimization to minimize summed-excitation squared while reducing tracking errors of experimental EMG-linear envelopes and joint moments; and (iv) EMG-assisted with musculotendon model parameters first personalized by calibration. Both static optimization approaches showed a relatively low model performance compared to EMG envelopes. EMG-assisted approaches performed much better, especially in CP, with only a minor mismatch in joint moments. Calibration did not affect model performance significantly, however it did affect musculotendon forces, especially in CP. A model more consistent with experimental measures is more likely to yield more physiologically representative results. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of calibrated EMG-assisted modelling when estimating musculotendon forces in TD children and even more so in children with CP. 相似文献