广西姜黄挥发油两种提取方法的比较研究

以广西姜黄那坡县种植的姜黄为原料,以水蒸汽蒸馏法和以石油醚为溶剂的索氏提取法,分别提取挥发油,并用GC-MS分析法对这些以不同加工途径获取的姜黄挥发油进行成分分析,比较了不同的加工办法对挥发油的加工得率、主要成分和含量的影响。研究表明:广西那坡的姜黄挥发油主要成分为:α-姜黄烯、芳姜黄酮、(-)-姜烯、β-倍半水芹烯、β-姜黄酮、α-姜黄酮、4-(1,5-二甲基-4-己烯基)-2-环己烯酮、β-没药烯。     

基于线性混合像元分解的沈阳市三环内城市植被盖度变化

基于2001和2006年Landsat TM影像,通过线性混合像元分解（linear spectral unmixing, LSU）方法提取沈阳市三环内的植被盖度信息,结合目视解译2006年QuickBird影像得到的研究区土地利用类型图,分析了2001—2006年研究区植被盖度的动态.结果表明：2001—2006年,研究区植被盖度变化剧烈,绿化建设和由城市扩张导致的农田占用现象并存,且前者的植被增加超过后者的植被损失;研究区道路、居住区、公共设施用地、公共绿地及广场的植被盖度均有不同程度的增加（5%～9%）,工业用地几乎没有变化;研究区绿化建设格局比较合理,城区内外植被盖度的两极分化现象虽依然存在,但已得到缓解;研究期间,该区主要地类植被盖度随距市中心距离而递增的顺序为公共绿地及广场（0.8%·km^-1）<居住区（1.5%·km^-1）<工业用地（1.7%·km^-1）<公共设施用地（2.4%·km^-1）<道路（2.9%·km^-1）;公共设施用地和道路植被盖度两极分化现象依然较严重,需加强绿化建设并严格管理.     

Localization and Organization of the Translational Apparatus in Mitochondrial Membranes of Astasia longa

In isolated mitochondrial membranes of Astasia longa, large and small circular substructures were observed with diameters of 1.30 and 0.35 m and thickness of 0.08 and 0.03 m, respectively. Such substructures were isolated by membrane treatment with proteolytic enzymes (proteinase K, trypsin) or by lipid solubilization with Triton X-100. After the removal of surface protein layer, we uncovered circular polyribosomes with similar diameters as those of original substructures. Polyribosomes were identified on the basis of their morphology, positive staining with uranyl acetate, a capacity for chloramphenicol-sensitive incorporation of ¹⁴C-amino acids into polypeptides, and from their buoyant density as estimated by equilibrium centrifugation in the CsCl density gradient. The conclusion is that, in mitochondrial membranes of A. longa, the translational apparatus is organized similarly to that in the membranes of chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, e.g., large and small circular polyribosomes situated within the membrane ring-shaped substructures are the basics for the formation of the latter.     

不同产地姜黄属植物中姜黄素类成分及矿质元素分析

以福建泉州地区种植的12个姜黄(Curcuma longa)和莪术(Curcuma zedoaria)种质的成熟根茎为试材, 采用正交设计法优化姜黄素(CCM)、单脱甲氧基姜黄素(DMC)和双脱甲氧基姜黄素(BDMC)的提取工艺条件, 比较不同产地姜黄属种质的3种姜黄素类化合物和16种矿质元素的含量。结果表明, 姜黄素类化合物提取工艺为: 100%甲醇, 1:5 (g·mL^-1)固液比, 超声提取2分钟, 提取率达到最高值。CCM、DMC和BDMC的最大吸收波长分别为424、418及414 nm; 回归方程分别为Y=0.170 3X+0.024 3 (CCM), Y=0.173 8X+0.041 (DMC), Y=0.140 6X+0.051 4 (BDMC)。GY03种质中CCM、DMC和BDMC含量分别为1.23%、1.22%与1.50%, 总姜黄素类含量最高, 达3.95%; GY01种质的总姜黄素次之(为3.82%); GY03和GY01可在栽培地推广种植; 12个姜黄属种质的16种矿质元素中, 以Mg、Mn、Al、Fe和Zn含量较为丰富。     

Dog food production using curcumin as antioxidant: effects of intake on animal growth,health and feed conservation

ABSTRACT

The objectives of this study were to produce dog food containing curcumin replacing synthetic antioxidants, to evaluate its beneficial effects on animal growth and health. Curcumin (100 mg/kg) was added after the extrusion process along with the other micronutrients. The final concentration of curcumin was 32.9 mg/kg. The control feed was composed of the same ingredients without curcumin. After a storage of 6 months, feed composition and pH did not differ; however, the feed with curcumin showed lower protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and higher total antioxidant capacity. After 2 months of feed production, 12 young Beagle dogs received either curcumin-containing food (n = 6) or the control diet (n = 6). The animals were fed twice a day using individual kennels. Blood samples were taken on d 1, 35 and 42. During the first 30 d of the study, the animals had natural infectious diseases that were controlled with anti-protozoals and antibiotics. Greater numbers of red blood cells were observed in dogs fed with curcumin (d 35 and 45), and there were greater numbers of white blood cells as a consequence of increased neutrophils on d 42. At the end of the experiment, a significant reduction in the number of lymphocytes was observed in dogs that ingested curcumin (d 42), suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect, manifested as a decrease in globulin levels. In the final 15 d of the experiment, the animals were clinical healthy. Higher serum levels of glucose, urea, triglycerides and cholesterol were observed in dogs fed with curcumin. Curcumin increased the activity of several antioxidant enzymes in addition to non-protein thiols and the total antioxidant capacity in the serum, consequently reducing levels of oxygen reactive species. Curcumin supplementation of dogs did not favour growth or weight gain. Neverthless, it was concluded that curcumin improved animal health, with emphasis on the stimulation of the antioxidant system and evidence of an anti-inflammatory effect.     

Effect of turmeric on the viability,ovarian folliculogenesis,fecundity, ovarian hormones and response to luteinizing hormone of rabbits

The present study investigated whether dietary turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) can improve rabbit reproduction, ovarian function, growth, or viability. Female New Zealand White rabbits were either fed a standard diet (n=15) or a diet enriched with 5 g (group E1) or 20 g (group E2) turmeric powder per 100 kg feed mixture (n=16 or 15, respectively). After 295 days, weight gain, conception and kindling rates, pup and mother viability, ovarian macro- and micro-morphometric indices, release of leptin in response to the addition LH, and the release of progesterone, testosterone and leptin by isolated ovarian fragments were analyzed. Dietary turmeric failed to affect ovarian length and weight but did increase the number of primary follicles (E2: 32.5% greater than control group), as well as the diameter of primary (E1: +19.4%, E2: +21.1%), secondary (E2: +41.4%), and tertiary (E1: +97.1%, E2: +205.1%) follicles. Turmeric also increased the number of liveborn (E1: +21.0%) and weaned (E1: +25.0%) pups and decreased the number of stillborn pups (E2: −87.5%) but did not affect weight gain, conception, or kindling rate. Furthermore, dietary turmeric decreased doe mortality during the first reproductive cycle (13.3% in control; 0% in E1; and 6.7% in E2) but not during the second cycle. In vitro, the ovaries of the turmeric-treated rabbits released more progesterone (E1: +85.7%, E2: +90.0%) and less testosterone (E2: −87.0%) and leptin (E2: −29.0%) than the ovaries of control rabbits. Moreover, LH decreased the leptin output of control rabbits but increased that of experimental rabbits. Therefore, it is likely that dietary turmeric improves pup viability and that it could promote rabbit fecundity by either (1) promoting the production of primary ovarian follicles or (2) stimulating the growth of follicles at all stages of folliculogenesis.